1,721,026 research outputs found
Motor evoked potential
No full textThe term “motor evoked potential” (MEP) commonly refers to the action potential elicited by non-invasive (magnetic) stimulation of the motor cortex through the scalp. MEPs can be recorded using surface electromyography from all skeletal muscles and are mediated by fast-conducting cortico-motoneuronal connections projecting monosynaptically to the alpha-motoneurons in the contralateral spinal cord. The principal MEP parameters are: threshold, latency, amplitude and central conduction time. MEP recordings represent a reliable method to detect abnormalities of impulse propagation along the corticospinal tract. The introduction of new techniques of paired-pulse or repetitive TMS allowed to test the excitability of motor cortical areas
The excitability of the human motor cortex increases during execution and mental imagination of sequential but not repetitive finger movements.
No full textSelective facilitation of responses to cortical stimulation of proximal and distal arm muscles by precision tasks in man.
No full textThe effect of kinesio-taping therapy on somatosensory temporal discrimination and pain in patients with focal dystonia
No full textThe postural disorientation induced by neck muscle vibration subsides on lightly touching a stationary surface or aiming at it.
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate whether
the standing body spatial disorientation, induced by neck
muscle vibration, and the related post-effects can be suppressed
by light finger touch (LFT) of a stationary surface.
Continuous (60 s) vibration of dorsal neck or sternocleidomastoid
muscle was administered with eyes closed. The center
of foot pressure (CFP) displacement, measured by a stabilometric
platform, indicated the degree of vibration-induced
body tilt. We also investigated whether sensory information
from LFT itself was necessary or anticipation of a more secure
posture was enough for reducing vibration effects. To
this aim, we administered a vibration pulse (5 s) to dorsal
neck or sternocleidomastoid muscle and during reaching to
the stationary surface. CFP was recorded during both vibration
and post-vibration condition and during the aiming task.
Neck vibration induced significant CFP displacement in
the direction opposite to vibration site. Post-vibration, CFP
slowly returned to control values with ample oscillations. LFT
during vibration reduced body tilt. LFT was more effective
when fingertip contact was in the plane of the greatest tilt.
LFT applied during either vibration or post-vibration period
reduced post-vibration effects. Reaching toward the stationary
surface was enough for reducing vibration-induced body
tilt to values close to those observed during actual LFT.
The novel conclusions of this study are: 1) LFT is able to
relieve the effects of vibration-induced abnormal proprioceptive
input from the neck, a segment central to postural control
and orientation; 2) LFT during vibration also attenuates vibration
post-effects, further suggesting that its action is not
merely mechanical; 3) the intention to stabilize the body
generates a new postural ‘set’ sufficient for diminishing body
tilt
Intracortical inhibition and facilitation are abnormal in Huntington's disease: a paired magnetic stimulation study
No full text
Harnessing Generativ e Artificial Intelligence for Exercise and Training Prescription: Applications and Implications in Sports and Physical Activity—A Systematic Literature Review
No full textRegular physical activity plays a critical role in health promotion and athletic performance, necessitating personalized exercise and training prescriptions. While traditional methods rely on expert assessments, artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI models such as ChatGPT and Google Gemini, has emerged as a potential tool for enhancing personalization and scalability in training recommendations. However, the applicability, reliability, and adaptability of AI-generated exercise prescriptions remain underexplored. A comprehensive search was performed using the UnoPerTutto metadatabase, identifying 2891 records. After duplicate removal (1619 records) and screening, 61 full-text reports were assessed for eligibility, resulting in the inclusion of 10 studies. The studies varied in methodology, including qualitative assessments, mixed-methods approaches, quasi-experimental designs, and a randomized controlled trial (RCT). AI models such as ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5, and Google Gemini were evaluated across different contexts, including strength training, rehabilitation, cardiovascular exercise, and general fitness programs. Findings indicate that generative AI-generated training programs generally adhere to established exercise guidelines but often lack specificity, progression, and adaptability to real-time physiological feedback. AI-generated recommendations were found to emphasize safety and broad applicability, making them useful for general fitness guidance but less effective for high-performance training. GPT-4 demonstrated superior performance in generating structured resistance training programs compared to older AI models, yet limitations in individualization and contextual adaptation persisted. A critical appraisal using the METRICS checklist revealed inconsistencies in study quality, particularly regarding prompt specificity, model transparency, and evaluation frameworks. While generative AI holds promise for democratizing access to structured exercise prescriptions, its role remains complementary rather than substitutive to expert guidance. Future research should prioritize real-time adaptability, integration with physiological monitoring, and improved AI-human collaboration to enhance the precision and effectiveness of AI-driven exercise recommendations
Responses to transcran1al magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the masseter muscles of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
No full textTMS of the motor cortex can document abnormalities of cortico-spinal system conductivity and excitability in ALS. The motor potentials evoked (MEPs) by TMS in muscles supplied by cranial nerves have not been extensively investigated in ALS, despite the frequent impairment of the bulbar region. We recorded MEPs from the masseter muscles of 30 ALS patients (16 M - 14 F; aged 42-86 ys.) as compared to 22 age-matched normal controls and 9 patients with spondylothic myelopathy. R-MEPs to direct stimulation of the trigeminal root were normal in ALS. Responses evoked by cortical stimulation in the preinnervated jaw-closing muscles (C-MEPs) were absent or delayed in 63.3% of ALS. Abnormalities of masseter CMEPs were observed in patients both with (77.8%) and without (41.7%) clinical bulbar signs. C-MEPs were normal in patients with spondylotic myelopathy. The investigation of corticobulbar projections may disclose frequent abnormalities in ALS, useful in the differential diagnosis between ALS and other spinal cord disorders
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