92 research outputs found
The Threat effect of Active Labor Market Programs:A Systematic Review
No full textThis paper is a systematic review of the threat effect of active labor market programs for unemployed individuals. The threat effect is the induced change in the hazard rate of leaving unemployment prior to program participation. Studies included in the review all estimated a threat effect, with the participants in all cases being unemployed individuals in receipt of benefit of some kind during their tenure of unemployment. Eight of these studies have been included in a meta‐analysis: The meta‐analysis, which has been carried out using a random effects model to account for heterogeneity, indicated a hazard ratio of 1.25 for the pooled estimate. We conclude that active labor market programs constitute a statistically significant threat effect, although it is modest
IS UNEMPLOYMENT ALWAYS HIGHER WHEN INSIDERS DECIDE?
No full textThis paper challenges the traditional view that unemployment is high because insiders determine the union wage. The insiders in this paper are characterized by being more efficient when they search for a job than the outsiders, implying that they experience relatively less unemployment. We assume that wages are determined by a monopoly union and further that a union leader is elected by a majority voting rule. Insiders may prefer a lower wage than outsiders, implying the possibility of lower unemployment.Insiders and Outsiders; Search; Unemployment
The Impact of Youth Unemployment Policy
No full textThis paper examines the impact on unemployment, unemployment distribution, wages and welfare of Youth Unemployment Programmes (YUPs). The aim of YUP is to increase the number of young people acquiring skills. We assume that the YUPs are a complete success and consequently analyse what happens when the number of skilled workers increases relatively to the number of unskilled workers. The results depend on the productivity of the skilled workers when employed in the "unskilled sector" relatively to the productivity of the unskilled worker
The Impact of Yputh Unemployment Policy
No full textThis paper examines the impact on unemployment, unemployment distribution, wages and welfare of Youth Unemployment Programmes (YUPs). The aim of YUP is to increase the number of young people acquiring skills. We assume that the YUPs are a complete success and consequently analyse what happens when the number of skilled workers increases relatively to the number of unskilled workers. The results depend on the productivity of the skilled workers when employed in the "unskilled sector" relatively to the productivity of the unskilled worker.Skill; Unemployment; Search
Is Unemployment Always Higher when Insiders Decide?
No full textThis paper challenges the traditional view that unemployment is high because insiders determine the union wage. The insiders in this paper are characterized by being more efficient when they search for a job than the outsiders, implying that they experience relatively less unemployment. We assume that wages are determined by a monopoly union and further that a union leader is elected by a majority voting rule. Insiders may prefer a lower wage than outsiders, implying the possibility of lower unemployment when insiders are decisive in the union than if outsiders were decisive in the union.Insiders and outsiders; Search; Uemployment
Stick, Carrot and Skill Acquisition
No full textWe evaluate the impact of specially designed youth unemployment programmes (YUPs), intended to provide young unemployed unskilled workers with skills. If unemployment among skilled workers is lower than among unskilled workers, YUPs imply that unemployment falls. However, YUPs potentially crowd out ordinary training. We set up an equilibrium matching model with endogenous skill choice and examine the impact of an increase in programme participation. We derive a condition for crowding out of ordinary training, as well as a condition for an increase in the skilled labour force and thereby reduced unemployment. The impact of YUPs on welfare and wage dispersion is also considered. Copyright The editors of the "Scandinavian Journal of Economics", 2005 .
Does Active Labour Market Policy Reduce Unemployment when Search is Endogenous?
No full textWe analyse the effects active labour market programmes (ALMPs) have on unemployment in a union wage-setting framework when search is endogenous. We assume that a union president, elected by majority voting determines the wage. We analyse the case where ALMPs increase match efficiency of the marginalized workers, and show that ALMPs may increase unemployment
Stick, Carrot and Skill Acquisition
No full textThis paper examins the macroeconomic effects of youth unemployement programmes in the form of vocational training (YUPs), developing a two sector general equilibrium model featuring matching frictions and worker-firm wage bargaining for skilled workers. Unskilled sector wages are indexed to skilled sector wages. Workers differ with respect to ability, having importance for the young worker`s skill decision. Furthermore, a young worker may be offered vocational training through YUPs. The total number of skilled workers is therefore determined by these two channels and the interaction between them. We focus on the impact of YUPs on skill division, unemployment distribution workers and aggregate unemployment
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