100 research outputs found
A State-of-the-Art Survey on IRS-NOMA for Integrated Sensing and Communication
Full text linkIn recent years, the rapid advancements in wireless communication technologies have necessitated more efficient and integrated systems. An emerging paradigm addressing this need is the integration of Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) with Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC). This paper offers a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art IRS-NOMA technologies, emphasizing their potential to enhance ISAC systems. We examine the fundamental principles of IRS and NOMA, investigating how their combined integration can markedly improve spectral and energy efficiencies, system capacity, and overall performance. The survey methodically categorizes and reviews recent research contributions, highlighting key innovations, design methodologies, advancements in the sophisticated algorithms, and performance metrics. Furthermore, we address the practical challenges and implementation issues associated with IRS-NOMA in ISAC, such as hardware limitations, signal processing complexities, and security concerns. Additionally, we outline open research directions and future prospects, aiming to stimulate further advancements in this promising field. Also, we highlight the interplay between the IRS assisted ISAC NOMA with the other emerging technologies towards the realization of 6G. Lastly, we present and summarize the lessons learned from this study. This survey serves as an invaluable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in understanding and advancing IRS-NOMA for next-generation integrated sensing and communication systems
The immune responses in the brown fat and ceramide metabolism in a mouse skin graft model
No full textAbstract
Background: Graft rejection is a major drawback of allotransplantation in which T lymphocyte plays a vital role. Lipid metabolism is central to the appropriate differentiation and functions of T lymphocytes while adipose tissues are closely connected with the immune system. However, the characteristics and roles of immune cells are less investigated in the adipose tissues in rejection.
Purpose: This study is conducted to elucidate the immune responses in the brown fat in a murine skin graft model. The study could also help understand the role of ceramide metabolism in rejection.
Methods: Murine skin graft was performed on the left upper back of recipient mice by using allogeneic mouse tail skin. Mice were sacrificed after 3 or 7 days and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at -80˚C until use for Q-PCR to evaluate the expression of ceramide enzymes. Alternatively, fat tissues were fixed in Formalin for histology. Single cell suspensions were prepared from the brown fats and draining lymph nodes and used for flow cytometry to analyze subsets of T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells.
Results: I found that there was a significant reduction of brown fat (BF) weight after skin allograft at Day 7, although there were no differences in the numbers of immune cells between syngeneic and allogeneic skin graft mice. The results of flow cytometry show that CD8+ T cells and CD36+ dendritic cells (DCs) were increased by allogeneic skin graft after 7 days, but there was no change in phenotypes of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The expression of CerS5 and Smpd1 were upregulated in the liver by the allogeneic immune response at Day 7.
Conclusion: CD8+ T cells and CD36+ DCs in the BF may contribute to the acute rejection of skin graft. In addition, ceramide metabolism has changed by rejection. Suggesting that fat tissues and lipid metabolisms can be affected by rejection.Maste
Outage performance of users in CR-NOMA network systems
Full text linkNon-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Cognitive Radio (CR) technologies present viable solutions to mitigate spectrum scarcity in wireless communication systems. This paper focuses on evaluating the performance of CR-NOMA networks, particularly for user devices operating under a Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) framework. We derive explicit mathematical expressions for key performance metrics, including outage probability (OP) and system throughput, as they relate to various power allocation coefficients. Comprehensive simulations are conducted to validate our theoretical findings, revealing that appropriate power allocation significantly impacts user fairness and overall network throughput. The analysis covers a wide range of realistic channel conditions, including Rayleigh fading, to ensure robustness. Additionally, our study addresses the challenge of limiting interference to the primary network by optimizing the transmission power of secondary users while adhering to interference constraints. The results show that the primary user device (D1) consistently outperforms the secondary user device (D2), emphasizing the importance of strategic resource management. These contributions provide deeper insights into the factors affecting outage performance in CR-NOMA systems, offering effective solutions for enhancing the robustness, fairness, and efficiency of next-generation wireless communication networks
Analyzing the performance of secondary users in satellite-terrestrial systems with cognitive radio assistance
Full text linkThe paper investigates the outage probability (OP) of a cognitive radio-based satellite-ground transmission system. In this configuration, both direct and relay links are activated to facilitate transmission from the primary satellite source to terrestrial users. The primary metric under scrutiny is the outage probability for both the primary and secondary networks. Utilizing the Shadowed-Rician fading model, commonly applied to satellite channels, for the satellite segment, and Nakagami-m fading models for terrestrial channels, we assess the OP by analyzing the expressions for both primary and secondary users. Additionally, we explore the impact of key system parameters on the OP’s performance. Indeed, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and target rate are the main factors affecting the outage behavior of users on the ground. We identify certain conditions necessary to achieve improved performance by controlling key system parameters. Furthermore, this paper provides guidelines for designing cognitive radio (CR) systems in satellite configurations to meet the quality requirements of received signals on the ground. The analysis results are validated through Monte Carlo simulations implemented using MATLAB
RIS-NOMA-assisted short-packet communication with direct links
No full textAmidst the rapid evolution of next generation networks, meeting escalating demands for broad connectivity, minimal delay, and enhanced spectral efficiency is imperative. The fusion of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) emerges as a promising approach to tackle these challenges. Our study zooms into the downlink setup, emphasizing short-packet communications (SPCs) and direct links. We concentrate on optimizing the performance of this RIS-NOMA fusion, meticulously deriving precise expressions for the average block error rate (ABLER) for near and far users. These ABLER metrics are pivotal for gauging system efficacy. A key focus of our inquiry lies in balancing blocklength and the number of RIS elements, vital for optimizing system performance. Our study underscores the intricate trade-offs involved and showcases the superiority of NOMA and RIS integration over conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and RIS setups, especially in SPC scenarios. Our findings underscore both the challenges and a viable solution by leveraging the synergies between RIS and NOMA to boost network performance
Enhancing Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enabled Cognitive Radio Networks for Sixth Generation and Beyond: Performance Analysis and Parameter Optimization
No full textIn this paper, we propose a novel system integrating reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) with cognitive radio (CR) technology, presenting a forward-looking solution aligned with the evolving standards of 6G and beyond networks. The proposed RIS-assisted CR networks operate with a base station (BS) transmitting signals to two users, the primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU), through direct and reflected signal paths, respectively. Our mathematical analysis focuses on deriving expressions for SU in the RIS-assisted CR system, validated through Monte Carlo simulations. The investigation covers diverse aspects, including the impact of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), power allocations, the number of reflected surfaces, and blocklength variations. The results provide nuanced insights into RIS-assisted CR system performance, highlighting its sensitivity to factors like the number of reflectors, fading severity, and correlation coefficient. Careful parameter selection, such as optimizing the configuration of reflectors, is shown to prevent a complete outage, showcasing the system’s robustness. Additionally, the work suggests that the optimization of reflectors configuration can significantly enhance overall system performance, and RIS-assisted CR systems outperform reference schemes. This work contributes a thorough analysis of the proposed system, offering valuable insights for efficient performance evaluation and parameter optimization in RIS-assisted CR networks
Effective capacity analysis of configurable intelligent surface-assisted NOMA communications systems
Full text linkThis paper investigates the integration of configurable intelligent surfaces (CIS) into relay radio networks, focusing on communication system enhancement. Towards this end, we propose CIS-assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication systems to improve direct connections between a base station and two destination nodes. Our primary objective is to assess the net-work’s overall capacity, considering critical factors like signal-to-noise ratio, the number and placement of CIS components, quality of service exponent, and power distribution coefficients. Analytical equations developed in this research closely align with simulation results, validating our theoretical analysis. This study underscores the growing significance of CISs in modern communication systems, introducing adaptability and optimization to wireless networks. By exploring CIS-assisted NOMA communication systems, we contribute to dis-cussions about the evolving landscape of wireless communication technologies, poised to revolutionize information transmission and reception in the digital age
Petrography and geochemistry of Permian basalts of the Cam Thuy formation and their relation to Song Da and Emeishan magmatic rocks
Full text linkCam Thuy Permian basalts consisting of thick lava flows and pyroclastic layers appear along both sides of the Song Ma fault zone in Thanh Hoa and in Son La and Ninh Binh provinces, NW Vietnam. The magmatism has been thought to have genetic relationship with Permian volcanism in the Song Da rift zone, which is believed to be part of the Emeishan large igneous province, having been extruded along the Red River shear zone following Paleogene India-Eurasian collision. A set of Cam Thuy volcanic samples including olivine and alkaline basalts was collected in the Lam Son area (Tho Xuan, Thanh Hoa province) to analyze for geochemical major, trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic composition. The Cam Thuy basalts are high-TiO2, CaO, FeO*, moderate MgO and SiO2 that plot between the Song Da and Emeishan high- and low-Ti basalt distribution fields and closely overlap that of Song Da’s high-Ti field. The primitive mantle and chondrite normalized trace element patterns of Cam Thuy basalts are essentially enriched oceanic island basalt (OIB)-like; this feature, together with crustal contamination-free, chondritic Sr, Nd and Pb initial (255Ma) isotopic composition are certainly of asthenospheric origin. These geochemical and isotopic characteristics are closely analogous to those features observed for the Song Da high-Ti basalts, suggesting similarity in their source of origin. Nevertheless, while the Song Da (and Emeishan) magmatism is signified by the presence of both high- and low-Ti basalts, with the latter being derived from heterogeneous and partially crustal-material contaminated sources in the lithospheric mantle, this low-Ti volcanic rock type has yet to be discovered in the Cam Thuy formation.ReferencesAnders, E., Grevesse, N., 1989. Abundances of the elements: meteorite and solar. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53, 197-214.Balykin, P.A, Polykov G.V., Petrova T.E., Hoang Huu Thanh, Tran Trong Hoa., Ngo Thi Phuong, Tran Quoc Hung, 1996. Petrology and evolution of the formation of Permian-Triassic mafic-ultramafic associations in North Vietnam. J. Geology B/7-8, 59-64, Hanoi.Balykin, P.A, Polykov, G.V., Izokh, A.E., Tran Trong Hoa, Ngo Thi Phuong, Tran Quang Hieu, Petrova, T.E, 2010. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Permian ultramafic- mafic complexes of the Jin-ping-Song Da rift (Southeastern Asia), Russian Geology and Geophysics, 51, 6, 611-624.Carlson, R.W., Irving, A.J., 1994. Depletion and enrichment history of subcontinental lithospheric mantle: An Os, Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic study of ultramafic xenoliths from northern Wyoming Craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126, 457-472.Chung S.L, Jahn, B.M., 1995. Plume-lithosphere interaction in generation of the Emeishan flood basalts at the Permian-Triassic boundary, Geology, 23, 10, 889-892.Chung, S.L., Lee, T.Y., Lo, C.H., Wang, P.-L., Chen, C.-Y., Nguyen, T.Y., Tran, T.H., Wu, G.-Y., 1997.Intraplate extension prior to continental extrusion along the Alao Shan-Red River shear zone. Geology, 25, 311-314.Cung Thuong Chi, Geissman, J., 2013. A review of the paleomagnetic data from Cretaceous to lower Tertiary rocks from Vietnam, Indochina and South China, and their implications for Cenozoic tectonism in Vietnam and adjacent areas. Journal of Geodynamics 69, 54-64.Dovjikov, A.E. (Editor), 1965. Geology of Northern Viet Nam. General Dept. Geology of Viet Nam. Science and Technique Publishing, Hanoi, 668p (in Russian).Gallagher, K., Hawkesworth, C.J., 1994. Mantle plumes, continental magmatism and symmetry in the South Atlantic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 123, 105-117.Gilder, S.A, Gill, J., Coe, R.S., Zhao, X.X., Liu, Z.W., Yuan, K.R., Liu, W.L., Kuang, G.D, Wu, H.R., 1996. Isotopic and paleomagnetic constrains n the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of south China. Jourral of Geophysical Research 101, 16,137-16, 154.Flower, M.F.J., Tamaki, K., Hoang, N., 1998. Mantle extrusion: a model for dispersed volcanism and DUPAL-like asthenosphere in East Asia and the WPAC. In: Flower, M.F.J., Chung, S.L., Lo, C.H. (Eds.), Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in east Asia, Geodynamics Series, vol. 27. American Geophysical Union, pp. 67-88.Frey, F.A., Clague, D., Mahoney, J.J., Sinton, J.M., 2000. Volcanism at the edge of the Hawaiian plume: petrogenesis of submarine alkalic lavas from the North Arch volcanic field. Journal of Petrology 41, 667-691.Hanski, E., Walker, R.J., Huhma, H., Polyakov, G.V., Balykin, P.A., Tran Trong Hoa, Ngo, T. Phuong, 2004. Origin of the Permian-Triassic komatiites, northwestern Vietnam: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 147, 453-469.Hirose, K., Kushiro, I., 1993. Partial melting of dry peridotites at high pressures: determination of composition of melts segregated from peridotite using aggregate of diamond. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 114, 477-489.Hofmann, A.W, 1997. Mantle geochemistry: the message from oceanic volcanism. Nature 385, 219-229.Hofmann, A.W., 1988. Chemical differentiation of the Earth: the relationship between mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 90, 297-314.Ionov, D., Hofmann, A.W., 2007. Depth of formation of subcontinental off-craton peridotites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 261, 620-634.Ishizuka, O., Taylor, R.N., Milton, J.A., Nesbitt, R.W., 2003. Fluid-mantle interaction in an intra-oceanic arc: constraints from high-precision Pb isotopes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 211, 221-236.Izokh, A.E., Polyakov, V.G., Tran Trong Hoa, Balykin, P.A., Ngo Thi Phuong, 2005. Permian-Triassic ultramafic-mafic magmatism of northern Viet Nam and southern China as expression of plume magmatism. Russian Geology and Geophysics (Geologiya I Geofizika) 46 (9), 922-932 (942-951).Kamenetsky, V., Chung, S-L., Kamenetsky, M.B., Kuzmin, D.V., 2012. Picrites from the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China: a compositional continuum in primitive magmas and their respective mantle sources. Journal of Petrology 53 (10), 2095-2113.Kogiso, T., Tatsumi, Y., Shimoda, G., Barsczus, H., 1997. High µ (HIMU) ocean island basalts in southern Polynesia: New evidence for whole mantle scale recycling of subducted oceanic crust. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 8085-8103.Kushiro, I., 1990. Partial melting of mantle wedge and evolution of island arc crust. Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 15929-15939.Kushiro, I., 1996. Partial melting of a fertile mantle peridotite at high pressure: An experimental study using aggregates of diamond; in: Basu, A., Hart, S.R. (Eds.), Earth Processes: Reading the Isotopic Code. Geophys. Monogr. 95, American Geophysical Union, pp. 109-122.Lan, C-Y., Chung, S-L., Shen, J.J-S., Lo, C-H., Wang, P-L., Hoa T.T., Thanh, H.H., Martzman, S.A., 2000. Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics of granitic rocks from northern Vietnam. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 18, 267-280.Le Bas, M.J., Le Maitre, R.W., Streckeisen, A., Zanettin, B., 1986. A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram. Journal of Petrology 27, 745-750.Le Duy Bach, Dang Tran Quan, 1995. Geological and mineral resources map of Viet Nam 1:200.000. Thanh Hoa Sheet, with Explanatory note. General Dept. Geology of Vietnam, Hanoi.Leloup H. Ph., R. Lacassin, P. Tapponnier, U. Scharer, Zhong Dalai, Liu Xaohan, Zhangshan, Ji Shaocheng and Phan Trong Trinh, 1995. The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone (Yuunan, China), Tertiary transform boundary of Indochina. Tectonophysics, 251, 3-84.Lo, C.H, Chung, S.L., Lee, T.Y., Wu, G., 2002. Age of the Emeishan flood magmatism and relations to Permian-Triassic boundary events. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 198, 449-458.Menzies, M.A., Rogers, N.W., Tindle, A., Hawkesworth, C.J., 1987. Metasomatic and enrichment processes in lithospheric peridotites, an effect of asthenosphere-lithosphere interaction. In Menzies, M.A., Hawkesworth, C.J. (Eds.) Mantle Metasomatism, 313-359. Academic PressNguyen H, Flower, M.F.J., 1998. Petrogenesis of Cenozoic basalts from Vietnam: Implications for the origin of a 'diffuse igneous province'. Journal of Petrology 39, No 3, 369-395.Nguyen H, Nguyen Dac Lu, Nguyen Van Can, 2004. Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the Song Da region: mantle sources and dynamics. J. Geology 282(7-8, Series A), 10-18 (in Vietnamese with English abstract).Nguyen H, Uto, K., 2003. Geochemistry of Cenozoic basalts in the Fukuoka district (northern Kyushu, Japan): implications for asthenosphere and lithospheric mantle interaction. Chemical Geology 198, 249-268.Nguyen H, Uto, K., 2006. Upper mantle isotopic components beneath the Ryukyu arc system: Evidence for 'back-arc' entrapment of Pacific MORB mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 249, 229-240.Nguyen H, Uto, K., Matsumoto, A., Itoh, J., 2013. Pleistocene intraplate magmatism in the Goto Islands, SW Japan: implications for mantle source evolution and regional geodynamics. J. Geodynamics 68, 1-17.Norman, M.D., Garcia, M.O., 1999. Primitive magmas and source characteristics of the Hawaiian plume: petrology and geochemistry of shield picrites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 168, 27-44.Pearce, J.A., Norry, M.J., 1979. Petrogenetic implications of Ti, Zr, Y, and Nb variations in volcanic rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 69, 33-37.Polyakov, G.V., Balykin, P.A., Glotov, A.I., Tran Quang Hieu, Ngo Thi Phuong, Hoang Huu Thanh, Bui An Nien, 1991. Permo-Triassic association of high-magnesian volcanites of the Song Da Zone (North-Western Vietnam). Geologiyai Geofizika (Russian Geology and Geophysic) 32(9), 3-15 (1-11).Polyakov, G.V., Nguyen Trong Yem, Balykin, P.A., Tran Trong Hoa, Hoang Huu Thanh, Tran Quoc Hung, Ngo Thi Phuong, Petrova, T.E., Vu Van Van, 1996. Permian - Triassic mafic and ultramafic formations in northern Viet Nam. Science and Technology Publ., Hanoi, 172 p (in Vietnamese).Roeder, P.L., Emslie, R.F., 1970. Olivine-liquid equilibria. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 29, 275-289.Scarrow, J.H., Cox, K.G., 1995. Basalts generated by decompressive adiabatic melting of a mantle plume: a case study from the Isle of Skye, NW Scotland. Journal of Petrology 36, 3-22.Tang, Q., Li, C., Zhang, M., Lin, Y., 2015.U–Pb age and Hf isotopes of zircon from basaltic andesite and geochemical fingerprinting of the associated picrites in the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China. Miner Petrol.109, 103-114.Tapponnier, P., Peltzer, G., Armijo, R., 1986. On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia. In: M.P. Coward and A.C. Ries (Editors), Collision Tectonics. Geological Society of London, special publication, pp. 115-157.Tapponnier, P., Peltzer, G., Le Dain, A.Y., Armijo, R., Cobbold, P., 1982. Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia: New insights from simple experiments with plasticine. Geology, 7, 611-616.Tong Zuy Thanh, Vu Khuc, 2005. Stratigraphic units of Viet Nam. Vietnam national university publisher, Hanoi, 504pp (in Vietnamese).Tran Duc Luong, Nguyen Xuan Bao, 1988. Geological map of Viet Nam at 1:500,000. Geological Survey of Viet Nam.Tran Trong Hoa, 2002. Subdivision and correlation of Permian-Triassic basaltoid association in the Song Da structure (NW Vietnam). Journal of Geology, 19-20.Tran Trong Hoa (editor), 2011. Intraplate magmatism and metallogeny of North Vietnam. Science and Technology Published, Hanoi.Tran Trong Hoa, Hoang Huu Thanh, Tran Tuan Anh, Ngo Thi Phuong, Hoang Thi Hang, 1998. High-Ti basaltoid associations in the Song Da rift zone: chemical compositions and formation geodynamics. Journal of Geology, Series A, 244 7-15 (in Vietnamese with English abstract).Tran Trong Hoa, Izokh, A.E., Polyakov, G.V., Borisenko, A.S., Tran Tuan Anh, Balykin, P.A., Ngo Thi Phuong, Rudnev, S.N., Vu Van Van, Bui An Nien, 2008. Permo-Triassic magmatism and metallogeny of Northern Viet Nam in relation to the Emeishan plume. Russian Geology and Geophysics (Geologiya i Geofizika) 49 (7), 480-491 (637-651).Tran Trong Hoa, Lan, Ch-Y., Usuki, T., Shellnutt, J.G., Pham, Thi Dung, Tran Tuan Anh, Pham Ngoc Can, Ngo Thi Phuong, Izokh, A.E., Borishenko, A.S., 2015. Petrogenesis of Late Permian silicic rocks of Tu Le basin and Phan Si Pan uplift (NW Vietnam) and their association with the Emeishan large igneous province. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 109, 1-19.Tran Trong Hoa, Nguyen Hoang, 2013. Guide to the field trip. International symposium “Large igneous provinces of Asia: mantle plumes and metallogeny”, Hanoi, November 7-11, 2013, 20p.Tran Trong Hoa, Nguyen Trong Yem, Ngo Thi Phuong, Hoang Huu Thanh, Tran Quoc Hung, Bui An Nien, Hoang Thi Hang, Polyakov, G., Balykin, P.A., Tran, Tuan Anh, 1995. Magnesia-ultrapotassic magmatic rocks and lamproite problems in northwestern Viet Nam. Journal of Geology 5, 412-419 (in Vietnamese with English abstract).Tran Trong Hoa, Polyakov, G.V., Tran Tuan Anh, Borisenko, A.S., Izokh, A.E., Balykin, P.A., Ngo Thi Phuong, Pham Thi Dung, 2015. Intraplate Magmatism and Metallogeny of North Vietnam. Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, Springer International Publishing house, Switzerland, 372p.Tran Trong Hoa, Tran Tuan Anh, Ngo Thi Phuong., Izokh, A.E., Polyakov, V.G., Balykin, P.A., Lan C.Y., Hoang Huu Thanh, Bui An Nien, Pham Thi Dung, 2004. Gabbro-syenite associations of East Bac Bo structures: evidences of intra-plate magmatism? J. Geology, Ser. B 23, pp. 12-25.Tran Van Tri., Tran Trong Hoa, 2011. Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic Song Da - Tu Le intracontinental rift system. Geology and Natural Resources, Science and Technology Publisher, Hanoi, 425-431.Turner, S., Hawkesworth, C., 1995. The nature of the sub-continental mantle: constraints from the major element composition of continental flood basalts. Chemical Geology 120, 295-314.Usuki, T. Lan, Ch-Y., Tran Trong Hoa, Pham, T. Dung, Wang, K-L., Shellnut, G.L., Chung, S-l/., 2015. Zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions of alkaline silicic magmatic rocks in the Phan Si Pan - Tu Le region, northern Vietnam: Identification of a displaced western extension of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 97, 102-124.Walker, D., Shibata, T., DeLong, D.E., 1979. Abyssal tholeiites from the Oceanographer Fracture Zone III. Phase equilibria and mixing. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 70, 111-125.Wang, C.Y., Zhou, M.F., Qi, L., 2007. Permian flood basalts and mafic intrusions in the Jinping (SW China - Song Da (northern Vietnam) district: Mantle sources, crustal contamination and sulfide segregation. Chemical Geology 243, 317-343.Xu, Y., Bin, H., Chung, S.L., Menzies, M.A., Frey, F.A., 2004. Geologic, geochemical, and geophysical consequences of plume involvement in the Emeishan flood-basalt province. Geology 32, 10, 917-920.Xu, Y., Chung, S.L, Jahn, B., Wud, G., 2001. Petrologic and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Permian-Triassic Emeishan flood basalts in southwestern China. Lithos 58, 3-4, 145-168.Yamashita, S., Tatsumi, Y., Nohda, S., 1996. Temporal variation in primary magma compositions in the northeast Japan Arc. The Island Arc 5, 276-288.Zhou, M.F., Malpas, J., Song, X.Y., Robinson, P.T., Sun, M., Kennedy, K., Lesher, C.M., Keays, R.R., 2002a. A temporal link between the Emeishan large igneous province (SW China) and the end-Guadalupian mass extinction. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.196, 113-122.
Two new fish species of the genus Toxabramis Gunther, 1873 (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) from Vietnam
No full textSix species of the genus Toxabramis Gunther, 1873 (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) were found; among them two species were new for science. In the paper, the description of these new species is presented and a key to identify the known species of these genus is established. 1. Toxabramis maensis H. D. Nguyen Q. N. Duong sp.nov. is found in the Ma river (Quanhoa and Thieuhoa districts, Thanhhoa province, Vietnam) Body elongate, strongly compressed. Head comparatively small. Mouth small. Oblique. Uper jaw prominent. Dorsal fin short, its origin behind that of ventral fin and near origin of caudal fin than top of rostral. Unbranched dorsal fin rays well ossified, denticulated behind. Anus immediatly in front of origin of anal fin. Lateral line complete. Coloration: body silvery; back dark. A dark axial lateral stripe running from the gill opening to the base of the caudal fin. Remarks: This species is near with Toxabramis hotayensis Hao, 2001, T. houdmeri Pellegrin, 1932 and T. nhatleensis sp.nov. but there are some different characteristics: the number of gill rakers on the first branchial arc of this species are more in comparison with other species of the genus; its number of lateral line scales are more in comparison with two species T. hotayensis and T. nhatleensis; its number of denticulate ossified unbranched dorsal fin rays are more in comparison with T. nhatleensis (table 1). 2. Toxabramis nhatleensis H. D. Nguyen, D. H. Tran T. T. Ta sp.nov. is found in the Nhatle river (Lethuy district, Quangbinh province, Vietnam). Body elongate; Mouth small, comparatively oblique. Dorsal fin short, it’s origin behind that of ventral fin and its origin near of origin of caudal fin than top of the rostril. Unbranched dorsal fin rays well ossified, denticulated behind. Anus immediatly in front of origin of anal fin. Lateral line comlete. Coloration: body silvery; back dark. A dark axial lateral stripe running from the gill opening to the tip of the middle caudal fin rays. Remarks: this species is near with T. maensis H. D. Nguyen Q. N. Duong sp.nov., T. houdmeri Pellegrin, 1932 and T. hotayensis Hao, but there are some different characteristics: the number of gill rakers of this species are more in comparison with T. hotayensis and its number of denticulate ossified unbranched dorsal fin rays are less than in T. hotayensis; its number of scales, gill rakers and denticulate ossified unbranched dorsal fin rays are less than in T. maensis (table 1)
- …
