109 research outputs found
Transcriptional Regulation of a Powdery Mildew Inducible Gene in Grapevine
No full textObligate biotrophic pathogens, such as powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator, PM) generate a defense response in susceptible grapevines, including most Vitis vinifera varieties. In 2007, a group observed that PM infection increased salicylic acid (SA) levels in grape (V. Vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) leaves, which suggested that SA was part of the PM defense pathway. In the same year, around 3,000 V. vinifera genes were tested for reaction to PM and SA using microarray. Most of the genes responded to PM the same way as to SA treatment, but some genes responded only to PM, and not to SA. Among these genes were stilbene synthase genes and a member of the NAC transcription factor gene family. The results of the experiment were also confirmed by quantitative PCR. The results suggested that SA was not required, or required but insufficient in itself, to regulate the expression these genes. This study focused on the VvNAC gene\u27s promoter regulation. The promoter was isolated, fused to a reporter gene and transferred into SA signal transduction-defective Arabidopsis thaliana plants. For plant modification, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was used. The plants were selected on hygromicyn B-containing plates and confirmed to be transgenic using PCR. PM-induced gene expression in transgenic plants should indicate if the regulation of the VvNAC gene promoter is independent or dependent on SA signal transduction. To identify the responsible regulatory elements, deletion variants were constructed of the promoter and fused to reporter genes. A better understanding of plant-pathogen interactions will enable scientists to engineer PM-resistance in susceptible grape cultivars
Attractiveness in Business-to-Business MarketsConceptual Development and Empirical Investigation
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Economic analysis of the Hinkley Point C nuclear power plant based on the available data
No full textIdentification of nine new susceptibility loci for testicular cancer, including variants near DAZL and PRDM14.
No full textTesticular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is the most common cancer in young men and is notable for its high familial risks. So far, six loci associated with TGCT have been reported. From genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis of 307,291 SNPs in 986 TGCT cases and 4,946 controls, we selected for follow-up 694 SNPs, which we genotyped in a further 1,064 TGCT cases and 10,082 controls from the UK. We identified SNPs at nine new loci (1q22, 1q24.1, 3p24.3, 4q24, 5q31.1, 8q13.3, 16q12.1, 17q22 and 21q22.3) showing association with TGCT (P < 5 × 10(-8)), which together account for an additional 4-6% of the familial risk of TGCT. The loci include genes plausibly related to TGCT development. PRDM14, at 8q13.3, is essential for early germ cell specification, and DAZL, at 3p24.3, is required for the regulation of germ cell development. Furthermore, PITX1, at 5q31.1, regulates TERT expression and is the third TGCT-associated locus implicated in telomerase regulation
Customer attractiveness in the context of servitization. A configurational approach and the study of necessary conditions
No full textCustomer attractiveness in the context of servitization. A configurational approach and the study of necessary conditions
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