1,721,155 research outputs found
L’obesità nelle popolazioni immigrate
No full textL’obesità è un problema ormai diffuso a livello mondiale, e, nonostante in alcuni paesi sia presente da lunga data, non si è ancora trovata una risoluzione definitiva. Nel presente articolo vengono riportati i dati della letteratura relativi all’incidenza di sovrappeso/obesità sia nella popolazione infantile che adulta e le variazioni che questa ha subito nel tempo. Viene inoltre considerata l’incidenza di questi disordini ponderali nella popolazione immigrata, che presenta generalmente valori più elevati. Le cause di questa superiorità sono multifattoriali, ma i principali fattori sono rappresentati dal gruppo etnico di appartenenza, dai fattori socio-economici, dallo stile di vita e dal tempo di permanenza nel paese di immigrazione. Va sottolineato che gli immigranti e le minoranze etniche costituiscono gruppi eterogenei per quanto riguarda le loro caratteristiche etniche, le loro radici storiche e culturali, le conoscenzeriguardo a comportamenti e stili di vita salutari. La risoluzione del problema "obesità" dovrà essere necessariamente multifattoriale
Sport habits, weight status and skinfolds in 12-13 years old children: case study in Bologna.
No full textWeight gain could be related to excessive energy intake and low calories consumption as a result of reduced physical activity and unhealthy lifestyles.
The increased trend toward adiposity among adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean region places them at a high risk of adult obesity and its consequences in terms of chronic diseases later in life.
The purpose of this study is to analyze, under several points of view, weight status and sport habits of children from Bologna, aged twelve and thirteen years old.
The selected subjects are 419 children attending secondary school of Bologna (202 Males and 217 Females, aged between 11,5 years and 13,5 ).
Anthropometric variables measureded are numerous, but in the present study we considered only weight , height, BMI (Body Mass Index) and 7 types of skinfolds: biceps, triceps, subscapularis, supraspinal, suprailiac, medial calf, lateral calf.
Body composition has been derived from skinfold using the prediction equations of Slaughter et al (1988).
Approach to sport habits has been determined through interview to each child, the questions asked them are related to practiced sport activities outside school and kind of sport.
Data processing was performed by using “STATISTICA” software.
We decided to correlate approach to sport and weight status, calculated with two different methodologies: Cole’s cut offs and percentages of body fat, derived by Slaughter’s equations.
The results of this study provide an interesting profile about weight status and sport skills of adolescents aged 12 and 13 years old. The evaluation of the collected data demonstrated interesting correlations between physical activity, skinfolds and children’s weight status
Sport practice, physical structure, and body image among university students
Full text linkAbstract Background The aim of this study was to estimate body image perception in undergraduate students, and to investigate its associations with weight status, abdominal obesity, muscularity, gender and sport. Methods The sample consisted of 231 Italian students (174 males and 57 females); anthropometric measurements, taken by trained technicians, were: height, weight, arm-circumference, waist and hip circumferences. BMI, WHR and Δ arm-circumference were calculated. Body image was assessed using body silhouette charts. Information about sport (currently practiced sport, starting age, and weekly hours of sport) was acquired with questionnaires. Results Females perceived themselves as slightly overweight, while males identified themselves as normal weight. Females had a tendency to desire to be thinner in all weight status categories; in males, normal weight subjects had a tendency to desire to be larger, while overweight wished to be thinner. Sport practice was significantly higher in males. Individuals who were overweight and did less sport were significantly more likely to have higher body dissatisfaction. Conclusions The present study highlights a positive relationship between sport practice, corpulence and body image perception
Body fat distribution in Italian, Spanish and Estonian children
No full textObesity, and especially abdominal obesity, is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Many disturbances related to abdominal obesity show their onset in the childhood years. Thus, during these years, it’s important to properly monitor body fat and its distribution. The aim of this study was to investigate the fat patterning in Italian, Estonian and Spanish schoolchildren. The sample consisted of 2024 children (1005 boys and 1019 girls) aged 6 to 11 years. Anthropometric measurements included triceps, biceps, subscapular, supraspinal, suprailiac, thigh, medial and lateral calf skinfold thicknesses, height and humerus width. Two indices of central adiposity and frame index were calculated. Italian children of both sexes showed higher values of skinfold thicknesses than Estonian and Spanish children, while Spanish children showed overall higher values of central adiposity indexes, followed by Italian children. On the contrary, Estonian children showed higher values of the frame index and lower central adiposity. From a public health perspective, a priority will be the development of programs aiming to prevent obesity, in particular when a central pattern of fat distribution emerges during childhood
In response to 'Comment on: "Anthropometric parameters in relation to glycaemic status and lipid profile in a multi-ethnic sample in Italy" by Gualdi-Russo et al.'
No full textFunctional Movement Patterns and Body Composition of High-Level Volleyball, Soccer and Rugby Players
No full textCONTEXT:
Sports practice leads athletes to develop a specific body composition, coordination patterns and basic motor skills based on the different tactical and physical needs.
OBJECTIVES:
This study aimed to present and compare a wide range of functional movement patterns and body composition (BC) parameters of high-level male athletes playing different sports, and to determine if there was a relationship between the parameters examined.
DESIGN:
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING:
Team facilities.
PARTICIPANTS:
Thirty volleyball, twenty-five soccer and thirty rugby players (age 25.9±5.0 years, BMI 25.6±4.1 kg/m2).
INTERVENTIONS:
Functional movement patterns and anthropometric measurements were collected by a physician specifically trained.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
BMI, fat mass, fat free mass, upper arm muscle and fat area, calf muscle and fat area, thigh muscle and fat area, and functional movement screen (FMS) scores. In addition to considering the FMS total score, we separated the screen into 3 parts: FMSmove, FMSflex and FMSstab.
RESULTS:
The rugby players showed a higher number of asymmetrical and dysfunctional movements than the other athletes (p <0.01), while the highest scores in FMSflex were obtained by the volleyball players (p <0.01). Additionally, most of the asymmetrical and painful movements in the athletes were measured on the shoulder mobility test. Muscle and fat areas differed significantly among the athletes (p <0.05). Significant associations were found between movement patterns and several BC variables. In particular, large negative correlations were measured between percentage of fat mass (r = -0.616; p <0.01), upper arm fat area (r = -0.519; p <0.01) and FMS total score.
CONCLUSIONS:
Functional movement patterns and BC differ in athletes according to the sport practiced. Furthermore, reaching an optimal BC is essential to achieve a satisfactory quality of movement
Stile di vita e obesità nell’adolescente
No full textIntroduzione
Nell’ambito di un ampio studio auxologico sulla popolazione adolescente bolognese condotto in collaborazione tra Università e Dipartimento di Cure Primarie (A.U.S.L.,città di Bologna) è stato analizzato l’influenza di uno stile di vita attivo o inattivo sull’accrescimento dell’adolescente, con particolare riferimento all’incidenza di sovrappeso e obesità.
Metodi
Il campione totale è costituito da 746 individui di età compresa fra gli 11 e i 14 anni (397 maschi e 349 femmine). Tramite intervista diretta è stato richiesto ai soggetti di indicare se praticassero sport, quale tipo di sport, quante ore di allenamento settimanale e da quanto tempo sostenessero questo ritmo e, inoltre, quante ore trascorressero davanti al computer o alla televisione. Sono state rilevate caratteristiche antropometriche fondamentali quali peso, statura e pannicoli adiposi bicipitale e sottoscapolare. E’ stato calcolato l’indice di massa corporea (kg/m2) e i soggetti sono stati classificati con i cut off per l’Italia settentrionale di Cacciari et al. (2002).
Tramite il t di student si sono verificate le eventuali differenze esistenti nelle caratteristiche antropometriche in relazione allo stile di vita.
Risultati
Dall’analisi delle ore trascorse davanti alla televisione e/o al computer emerge una differenza di stile di vita tra i due sessi. Infatti, mentre nei maschi le percentuali si equivalgono nelle tre categorie, una vasta maggioranza delle femmine rientra nella seconda fascia (3-4 ore) e una minima parte nella terza fascia.
I maschi del nostro campione praticano, in media, più ore di attività fisica durante la settimana rispetto alle coetanee, confermando quanto già osservato in letteratura (Malina et al., 2004). La percentuale più elevata di soggetti si ha nella fascia fra 3 e 4 ore di allenamento settimanale per il sesso maschile, fra 1 e 2 ore per le femmine. Una percentuale elevata dei soggetti pratica almeno uno sport e la maggioranza di loro ha iniziato a praticare sport poco dopo il compimento del sesto anno di vita.
Fino ai 13 anni non si evidenziano differenze significative fra sportivi e non sportivi, ma si sottolineano comunque valori medi superiori in statura e valori medi inferiori nello spessore delle pliche sottocutanee per i soggetti praticanti un’attività fisica. A 14 anni per entrambi i sessi le differenze antropometriche in relazione alla pratica sportiva divengono significative ai test statistici.
Considerando la pratica sportiva non si evidenziano differenze tra sportivi e non sportivi rispetto alle ore trascorse davanti alla televisione. Si riscontrano, invece, differenze nelle percentuali di sovrappeso e obesità, maggiori, per entrambi i sessi, fra i soggetti che non praticano sport. Tale dato risulta particolarmente evidente se vengono considerate, ad esempio, le due categorie estreme, ossia chi pratica meno di 2 ore di allenamento settimanale e chi pratica sport per più di 4 ore. Risultati analoghi si ottengono dall’analisi delle ore trascorse davanti alla televisione, da cui emerge che i soggetti maggiormente inattivi (>4 ore) presentano le percentuali di sovrappeso più elevate.
Discussione e conclusioni
Tenuto conto del ridotto numero di ore dedicato alla pratica sportiva durante l’orario scolastico, l’attività fisica regolare extra scolastica si conferma un mezzo adatto a favorire la crescita in senso integrato. I risultati mostrano un’interazione positiva fra sport e accrescimento in relazione a una minore incidenza di sovrappeso e obesità fra i ragazzi regolarmente attivi e un’interazione negativa fra inattività e crescita in relazione alla maggior percentuale di sovrappeso riscontrata nei soggetti sedentari
Changes in Phase Angle and Handgrip Strength Induced by Suspension Training in Older Women
No full textThis study aimed to present a suspension exercise training program suitable for older adults and to verify the effect of 12 weeks of training on handgrip strength (HS) and anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance parameters in older adults. Thirty older women (age 66.1±4.7 years, BMI 30.6±5.3 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a training group (TG, n=15) or a control group (CG, n=15). The TG participated in a 12-week suspension training program, while the CG maintained their normal physical activity habits for the duration of the study. Anthropometric, bioelectrical impedance and strength parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention period. There was a significant group by time interaction (p<0.05) for triceps, biceps, subscapular skinfold, percentage of fat mass, phase angle (PhA), resistance, reactance, specific resistance, specific reactance and HS, with significant improvements in the TG after the intervention period (p<0.05) even after adjusting for age and BMI. The results suggest that suspension training promotes increases in PhA and HS in older women
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Nordic Walking and a Resistance Indoor Training Program: Anthropometric, Body Composition, and Functional Parameters in the Middle-Aged Population
Full text linkSedentary behaviors are increasing in the population, so strategies for the increment of physical activity levels are needed. The use of green space seems to be a valid support to be more active. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a period of outdoor training (Nordic walking (NW)) with indoor resistance training (GYM) in a nonclinical population based on anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and functional parameters. This study was conducted on 102 participants (77 middle-aged people performed NW and 25 performed indoor training). Participants were measured twice: at baseline and after three months. Anthropometric measurements (weight, BMI, skinfolds, perimeters), body composition, bioelectrical impedance, vectorial analysis (BIA and BIVA), and physical tests were carried out. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate the effect of the treatments, groups, and sexes. There were several intervention effects linked to a decrease in fat parameters (such as skinfolds, fat mass, and percentage of fat mass). Considering the type of intervention, NW showed a higher increase in muscle mass and a higher decrease in fat parameters than the GYM group. In conclusion, the two types of training could represent a good way to remain active and prevent sedentary behaviors
Differences in Body Composition and Maturity Status in Young Male Volleyball Players of Different Levels
Full text linkVolleyball is an intermittent team sport that requires specific anthropometrical and physical characteristics for winning performance. The present study aimed to evaluate the maturity status of the young male players of eight volleyball teams, and to observe differences in anthropometric characteristics and body composition. Ninety-four male adolescent volleyball players were recruited during a national tournament carried out in Treviso (Italy). Anthropometric characteristics such as weight, stature, skinfold thicknesses, circumferences and diameters, and bioelectrical impedance were measured. The biological maturation was estimated for all players. Each team was classified as a higher or lower lever according to its tournament ranking. A two-way ANOVA compared team levels and players' maturity status. Considering the maturity offset, 62 boys were classified as "on time", 20 as "late", and 12 as "early". Three clubs presented many boys with "early" as the maturity offset, and two of these finished the tournament in the first position. Young volleyball players classified as "early" seemed to show anthropometric characteristics linked to better performance at the tournament (higher height, upper arm and calf muscle area, fat mass percentage, and total fat-free mass). The results of the present study could have practical implications for talent selection, but further studies are needed to better evaluate the effect of maturity status on the characteristics of volleyball players
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