43 research outputs found
Hand-foot syndrome with docetaxel: A five-case series
No full text[No abstract available]Abushullaih S, 2002, CANCER INVEST, V20, P3, DOI 10.1081-CNV-120000360; Asgari MM, 1999, J CUTAN PATHOL, V26, P287, DOI 10.1111-j.1600-0560.1999.tb01846.x; BARDIA A, 2006, J CLIN ONCOL, V24, P184; Chu CY, 2000, BRIT J DERMATOL, V142, P808, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2133.2000.03432.x; Crawford JH, 2002, EUR J HAEMATOL, V69, P315, DOI 10.1034-j.1600-0609.2002.02834.x; D'Agostino G, 2003, BRIT J CANCER, V89, P1180, DOI 10.1038-sj.bjc.6601284; Eich D, 2002, AM J CLIN ONCOL-CANC, V25, P599, DOI 10.1097-00000421-200212000-00015; Feizy Vida, 2003, Dermatol Online J, V9, P14; GORDON KB, 1995, CANCER, V75, P2169, DOI 10.1002-1097-0142(19950415)75:82169::AID-CNCR28207508223.0.CO;2-H; Gressett Sarah M, 2006, J Oncol Pharm Pract, V12, P131, DOI 10.1177-1078155206069242; Hui YF, 2000, PHARMACOTHERAPY, V20, P1221, DOI 10.1592-phco.20.15.1221.34593; Kara IG, 2006, BREAST, V15, P414, DOI 10.1016-j.breast.2005.07.007; Katoh M, 2004, J DERMATOL, V31, P403; Laack E, 2001, ANN ONCOL, V12, P1761, DOI 10.1023-A:1013575816870; Lin E, 2002, ONCOLOGY-NY, V16, P31; LIN EH, 2002, P AM SOC CLIN ONCOL, V21; Lopez AM, 1999, CANCER CHEMOTH PHARM, V44, P303, DOI 10.1007-s002800050981; Mrozek E, 2006, CLIN BREAST CANCER, V7, P141, DOI 10.3816-CBC.2006.n.023; Nagore E, 2000, Am J Clin Dermatol, V1, P225, DOI 10.2165-00128071-200001040-00004; O'Brien MER, 2004, ANN ONCOL, V15, P440, DOI 10.1093-annone-mdh097; PORTAL I, 1994, CANCER CHEMOTH PHARM, V34, P181, DOI 10.1007-BF00685939; Razis E, 2006, CANCER INVEST, V24, P514, DOI 10.1080-07357900600814847; Saif MW, 2006, CLIN COLORECTAL CANC, V6, P219, DOI 10.3816-CCC.2006.n.039; SCHEITHAUER W, 2004, ONCOLOGY WILLISTON P, V18, P1173; SCHEITHAUER W, 2004, ONCOLOGY WILLISTON P, V18, P1181; Scheithauer W, 2004, ONCOLOGY-NY, V18, P1161; Schrijvers D, 2000, BRIT J DERMATOL, V142, P1069, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2133.2000.03518.x; Scotte F, 2005, J CLIN ONCOL, V23, P4424, DOI 10.1200-JCO.2005.15.651; SILVER FS, 1983, ANN INTERN MED, V98, P675; Vail DM, 1998, CLIN CANCER RES, V4, P1567; VUKELJA SJ, 1993, J NATL CANCER I, V85, P1432, DOI 10.1093-jnci-85.17.1432; Wilkes Gail M, 2005, Clin J Oncol Nurs, V9, P103; ZIMMERMAN GC, 1995, ARCH DERMATOL, V131, P202, DOI 10.1001-archderm.131.2.202; ZIMMERMAN GC, 1994, J NATL CANCER I, V86, P557, DOI 10.1093-jnci-86.7.557; ZUEHLKE RL, 1974, DERMATOLOGICA, V148, P9042
Causality of small and large intestinal microbiota in weight regulation and insulin resistance
No full textObjective<br/><br/>The twin pandemics of obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are a global challenge for health care systems. Changes in the environment, behavior, diet, and lifestyle during the last decades are considered the major causes. A Western diet, which is rich in saturated fat and simple sugars, may lead to changes in gut microbial composition and physiology, which have recently been linked to the development of metabolic diseases.<br/><br/>Methods<br/><br/>We will discuss evidence that demonstrates the influence of the small and large intestinal microbiota on weight regulation and the development of insulin resistance, based on literature search.<br/><br/>Results<br/><br/>Altered large intestinal microbial composition may promote obesity by increasing energy harvest through specialized gut microbes. In both large and small intestine, microbial alterations may increase gut permeability that facilitates the translocation of whole bacteria or endotoxic bacterial components into metabolic active tissues. Moreover, changed microbial communities may affect the production of satiety-inducing signals. Finally, bacterial metabolic products, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their relative ratios, may be causal in disturbed immune and metabolic signaling, notably in the small intestine where the surface is large. The function of these organs (adipose tissue, brain, liver, muscle, pancreas) may be disturbed by the induction of low-grade inflammation, contributing to insulin resistance.<br/><br/>Conclusions<br/><br/>Interventions aimed to restoring gut microbial homeostasis, such as ingestion of specific fibers or therapeutic microbes, are promising strategies to reduce insulin resistance and the related metabolic abnormalities in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. This article is part of a special issue on microbiota.<br/><p>Objective The twin pandemics of obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are a global challenge for health care systems. Changes in the environment, behavior, diet, and lifestyle during the last decades are considered the major causes. A Western diet, which is rich in saturated fat and simple sugars, may lead to changes in gut microbial composition and physiology, which have recently been linked to the development of metabolic diseases. Methods We will discuss evidence that demonstrates the influence of the small and large intestinal microbiota on weight regulation and the development of insulin resistance, based on literature search. Results Altered large intestinal microbial composition may promote obesity by increasing energy harvest through specialized gut microbes. In both large and small intestine, microbial alterations may increase gut permeability that facilitates the translocation of whole bacteria or endotoxic bacterial components into metabolic active tissues. Moreover, changed microbial communities may affect the production of satiety-inducing signals. Finally, bacterial metabolic products, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their relative ratios, may be causal in disturbed immune and metabolic signaling, notably in the small intestine where the surface is large. The function of these organs (adipose tissue, brain, liver, muscle, pancreas) may be disturbed by the induction of low-grade inflammation, contributing to insulin resistance. Conclusions Interventions aimed to restoring gut microbial homeostasis, such as ingestion of specific fibers or therapeutic microbes, are promising strategies to reduce insulin resistance and the related metabolic abnormalities in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. This article is part of a special issue on microbiota.</p
Using bacterial biomarkers to identify early indicators of cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbation onset
No full textAcute periods of pulmonary exacerbation are the single most important cause of morbidity in cystic fibrosis patients, and may be associated with a loss of lung function. Intervening prior to the onset of a substantially increased inflammatory response may limit the associated damage to the airways. While a number of biomarker assays based on inflammatory markers have been developed, providing useful and important measures of disease during these periods, such factors are typically only elevated once the process of exacerbation has been initiated. Identifying biomarkers that can predict the onset of pulmonary exacerbation at an early stage would provide an opportunity to intervene before the establishment of a substantial immune response, with major implications for the advancement of cystic fibrosis care. The precise triggers of pulmonary exacerbation remain to be determined; however, the majority of models relate to the activity of microbes present in the patient's lower airways of cystic fibrosis. Advances in diagnostic microbiology now allow for the examination of these complex systems at a level likely to identify factors on which biomarker assays can be based. In this article, we discuss key considerations in the design and testing of assays that could predict pulmonary exacerbations
Intestinal acetate and butyrate availability is associated with glucose metabolism in healthy individuals
No full textAnimal studies suggest that short-chain fatty acids acetate and butyrate are key players in the gut-brain axis and may affect insulin sensitivity. We investigated the association of intestinal acetate and butyrate availability (measured by butyryl-coenzyme A transferase (ButCoA) gene amount) with insulin sensitivity and secretion in healthy subjects from the HELIUS cohort study from the highest 15N = 30) and the lowest 15N = 30) intestinal ButCoA gene amount. The groups did not differ in insulin sensitivity or secretion. However, the high ButCoA group showed lower glucose and insulin peaks during the first 60 min after a meal and a higher nadir during the second 60 min (p < 0.01), suggesting delayed glucose adsorption from the small intestine. Our data suggest that chronically increased acetate and butyrate availability may improve glucose metabolism by delaying gastric emptying and intestinal adsorption. Future studies should further investigate the effect of acetate and butyrate interventions.Peer reviewe
Gut Microbiota as a Trigger for Metabolic Inflammation in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
No full textThe gut microbiota has been linked to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The underlying mechanisms as to how intestinal microbiota may contribute to T2D are only partly understood. It becomes progressively clear that T2D is characterized by a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, which has been linked to the development of insulin resistance. Here, we review the current evidence that intestinal microbiota, and the metabolites they produce, could drive the development of insulin resistance in obesity and T2D, possibly by initiating an inflammatory response. First, we will summarize major findings about immunological and gut microbial changes in these metabolic diseases. Next, we will give a detailed view on how gut microbial changes have been implicated in low-grade inflammation. Lastly, we will critically discuss clinical studies that focus on the interaction between gut microbiota and the immune system in metabolic disease. Overall, there is strong evidence that the tripartite interaction between gut microbiota, host immune system and metabolism is a critical partaker in the pathophysiology of obesity and T2D
Compensatory intestinal immunoglobulin response after vancomycin treatment in humans
No full textIntestinal immunoglobulins (Ig) are abundantly secreted antibodies that bind bacteria and bacterial components in the gut. This binding is considered to accelerate bacterial transit time and prevent the interaction of potentially immunogenic compounds with intestinal immune cells. Ig secretion is regulated by alterations in gut microbiome composition, an event rarely mapped in an intervention setting in humans. Here, we determined the intestinal and systemic Ig response to a major intervention in gut microbiome composition. Healthy humans and humans with metabolic syndrome received oral vancomycin 500 mg four times per day for 7 days. Coinciding with a vancomycin-induced increase in Gram-negative bacteria, fecal levels of the immunogenic bacterial components lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin drastically increased. Intestinal antibodies (IgA and IgM) significantly increased, whereas peripheral antibodies (IgG, IgA, and IgM) were mostly unaffected by vancomycin treatment. Bacterial cell sorting followed by 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the majority of Gram-negative bacteria, including opportunistic pathogens, were IgA-coated after the intervention. We suggest that the intestinal Ig response after vancomycin treatment prevents the intrusion of pathogens and bacterial components into systemic sites
Phage-microbe dynamics after sterile faecal filtrate transplantation in individuals with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing efficacy and safety
No full textAbstract Bacteriophages (phages) are bacterial viruses that have been shown to shape microbial communities. Previous studies have shown that faecal virome transplantation can decrease weight gain and normalize blood glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Therefore, we performed a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study in which 24 individuals with metabolic syndrome were randomised to a faecal filtrate transplantation (FFT) from a lean healthy donor (n = 12) or placebo (n = 12). The primary outcome, change in glucose metabolism, and secondary outcomes, safety and longitudinal changes within the intestinal bacteriome and phageome, were assessed from baseline up to 28 days. All 24 included subjects completed the study and are included in the analyses. While the overall changes in glucose metabolism are not significantly different between both groups, the FFT is well-tolerated and without any serious adverse events. The phage virion composition is significantly altered two days after FFT as compared to placebo, which coincides with more virulent phage-microbe interactions. In conclusion, we provide evidence that gut phages can be safely administered to transiently alter the gut microbiota of recipients
Additive Manufacturing and Strategic Technologies in Advanced Ceramics
No full textThis volume contains a collection of 22 papers submitted from the below seven symposia held during the 11th International Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Components for Energy and Environmental Applications (CMCEE-11), June 14-19, 2015 in Vancouver, BC, Canada: // Additive Manufacturing Technologies // Advanced Materials, Technologies, and Devices for Electro-optical and Biomedical Applications // Multifunctional Coatings for Energy and Environmental Applications // Novel, Green, and Strategic Processing and Manufacturing Technologies // Powder Processing Technology for Advanced Ceramics // Computational Design and Modeling // Materials for Extreme Environments: Ultra-high Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) and Nanolaminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases) //Table of Contents // Preface ix // ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES // Additive Manufacturing of Micro Functional Structures through Diameter Variable Laser Stereolithography and Precursor Sintering Heat Treatments 3 // Soshu Kirihara // Stereolithographic Additive Manufacturing of Solid Electrolyte Dendrites with Ordered Porous Structures for Fuel Cell Miniaturizations 11 // Soshu Kirihara // Processing of Thermoplastic Suspensions for Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic- and Metal-Ceramic-Composites by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing (T3DP) 19 // U. Scheithauer, E. Schwarzer, A. Haertel, H.J. Richter, T. Moritz, and A. Michaelis // Micro-Reactors Made by Lithography-Based Ceramic Manufacturing (LCM) 31 // U. Scheithauer, E. Schwarzer, G.Ganzer, A. Kornig, W. Beckert, E. Reichelt, M. Jahn, A. Hartel, H. J. Richter, T. Moritz, and A. Michaelis // Functionally Graded Ceramic Based Materials using Additive Manufacturing: Review and Progress 43 // Li Yang, Hadi Miyanaji, Durga Janaki Ram, Amir Zandinejad, and Shanshan Zhang // ADVANCED MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGIES, AND DEVICES FOR ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS // A Neutron Detector Based on Boron-10 Enriched Scintillating Glasses 59 // Dat Vu, Makena Dettmann, Victor Herrig, Luiz G. Jacobsohn, Matthew W. Kielty, James Wetzel, Yasar Onel, and Ugur Akgun // Engineering Approach to Improve the Solid State Lighting Characteristics with Translucent Poly Crystalline Alumina 69 // Keiji Matsuhiro, Keiichiro Watanabe, Tsuneaki Ohashi, and Tomokatsu Hayakawa // Single Crystal Fibers of Cladded Doped-YAG for High Power Laser and Amplifier Applications 83// E. Gebremichael, B. Ponting, R. Magana, and G. Maxwell // Single Crystal Growth of Ferroelectric LaBGeO5 for Optical Frequency Conversion Devices 97 //Shintaro Miyazawa, Mitsuyoshi Sakairi, Junji Hirohashi, Makoto Matsukura, Shunji Takekawa, and Yasunori Furukawa // The Growth of Potassium Tantalate Niobate (KTaxNb1-xO3) Single Crystal by Vertical Bridgman Method 105 //Toshinori Taishi, Kazuya Hosokawa, Keigo Hoshikawa, Takahiro Kojima, Junya Osada, Masahiro Sasaura, Yasunori Furukawa, and Takayuki Komatsu // Growth of Y3Al5O12 Single Crystals via Edge-Defined Film-Fed Growth Technique Using MO Crucibles 113 // T. Tokairin, J. Hayashi, G. Villora, and K. Shimamura // MULTIFUNCTIONAL COATINGS FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS // Nanoparticle Paste Injection into Gas-Flame Thermal Spray for Speedy Ceramic Coating 123 // Soshu Kirihara // Contribution to Electrochemical Oxidation of a Xanthene Dye onto Cu2O Thin Film Electrode 131 // M. El hajji, A. Tara, Ph. Dony, O. Jbara, L. Bazzi, A. Benlhachemi, and N. Kireche // Solution Precursor Plasma Sprayed Superhydrophobic Surface 141 // Yuxuan Cai, Gisele Azimi, Thomas W. Coyle, and Javad Mostaghimi // Improvement of Interfacial Strength for Thermal Barrier Coatings by Formation of Wedge-Like Thermally Grown Oxide 149 //KazuhiroOgawa, Shun Hatta, and Hiroyuki Yamazaki // Experimental Production of Industrial Roller Coated by Hard-Al2O3 Film using Aerosol Deposition Process 159 // Naoki Seto, Kazuteru Endo, Noriaki Honda, Nobuo Sakamoto, Shingo Hirose, and Jun Akedo // NOVEL, GREEN, AND STRATEGIC PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES // Stereolithographic Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics Dendrites to Modulate Energy and Material Flows 167 // Soshu Kirihara // New Lightweight Kiln Furniture-Production Processes and Properties 177 // U. Scheithauer, T. Slawik, E. Schwarzer, F. Tscharntke, H.-J. Richter, T. Moritz, and A. Michaelis // The Role of CALPHAD Approach in the Sintering of B4C with SiC as a Sintering Aid by Spark Plasma Sintering Technique 185 // Mohammad Asadikiya, Christopher Rudolf, Cheng Zhang, Benjamin Boesl, and Yu Zhong // POWDER PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY FOR ADVANCED CERAMICS // Effective Exfoliation of Laminated h-BN Particles by a Novel Rotating Disk Method 195 // Yuichi Tominaga, Daisuke Shimamoto, Kimiyasu Sato, Yusuke Imai, and Yuji Hotta // COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN AND MODELING // Feasible and Reliable Ab Initio Approach to Computation of Materials Relevant for Nuclear Waste Management 207 //Piotr M. Kowalski, George Beridze, Yan Li, Yaqi Ji, Christoph Friedrich, Ersoy a ýo lu, and StefanBlügel // MATERIALS FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS // Phase Evolution Phenomenon during Hot Pressing of the SHS obtained Ti3AlC2 Precursors Powders 221 // L. Chlubny, J. Lis, Cz. Kapusta, D. Zientara, K. Chabior, and P. Chachlowska // Author Index 229 /
Oral vancomycin treatment does not alter markers of postprandial inflammation in lean and obese subjects.
No full textIntake of a high-fat meal induces a systemic inflammatory response in the postprandial which is augmented in obese subjects. However, the underlying mechanisms of this response have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to assess the effect of gut microbiota modulation on postprandial inflammatory response in lean and obese subjects. Ten lean and ten obese subjects with metabolic syndrome received oral vancomycin 500 mg four times per day for 7 days. Oral high-fat meal tests (50 g fat/m body surface area) were performed before and after vancomycin intervention. Gut microbiota composition, leukocyte counts, plasma lipopolysaccharides (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), IL-6 and MCP-1 concentrations and monocyte CCR2 and cytokine expression were determined before and after the high-fat meal. Oral vancomycin treatment resulted in profound changes in gut microbiota composition and significantly decreased bacterial diversity in both groups (phylogenetic diversity pre- versus post-intervention: lean, 56.9 ± 7.8 vs. 21.4 ± 6.6, P < 0.001; obese, 53.9 ± 7.8 vs. 21.0 ± 5.9, P < 0.001). After intervention, fasting plasma LPS significantly increased (lean, median [IQR] 0.81 [0.63-1.45] EU/mL vs. 2.23 [1.33-3.83] EU/mL, P = 0.017; obese, median [IQR] 0.76 [0.45-1.03] EU/mL vs. 1.44 [1.11-4.24], P = 0.014). However, postprandial increases in leukocytes and plasma LPS were unaffected by vancomycin in both groups. Moreover, we found no changes in plasma LBP, IL-6 and MCP-1 or in monocyte CCR2 expression. Despite major vancomycin-induced disruption of the gut microbiota and increased fasting plasma LPS, the postprandial inflammatory phenotype in lean and obese subjects was unaffected in this study
