53 research outputs found
La Libia dopo Gheddafi. Una difficile transizione verso la stabilità e la democrazia.
No full textL'A. esamina la situazione politica in Libia dopo la caduta del regime di Gheddafi, mettendo in risalto le ragioni della grave instabilità che la caratterizza: separatismi, fragilità del parlamento e del governo, peso della religione, scontri tra le tribù, ecc.The Author examines the situation in Libya after the fall of the regime of M. Gaddafi with particular reference to the causes behind the present conflicts and instability
La Libia verso le elezioni La Draft Election Law e la difficile transizione democratica
No full textL’autore propone una prima disamina del testo della Draft Election Law che stabilisce le regole per lo svolgimento delle prime elezioni democratiche in Libia dopo la caduta del regime di Muammar Gheddafi. Le elezioni si svolgeranno a giugno 2012. Nell’ambito di queste saranno eletti i 200 membri dell’Assemblea Nazionale che avranno il compito di redigere la nuova Carta costituzionale del Paese ed indire un referendum su di essa. Il testo della legge esaminata dall’autore trascura importanti questioni come quelle della suddivisione in collegi elettorali o la creazione di partiti politici, vietati dal 1969, o ancora circa la formula elettorale da adottare. Sebbene la Libia sembri essere sulla via del progresso, diverse questioni rimangono aperte e ci si chiede se la tabella temporale che scandisce gli appuntamenti politici dei prossimi mesi possa essere realisticamente rispettata.The author proposes an initial examination of the text of the Draft Election Law which sets the rules for holding the first democratic elections in Libya after the fall of the regime of Muammar Gaddafi. The elections will take place in June 2012. The 200 elected members of the National Assembly will have the task of drafting the new Constitution of the country and hold a referendum on it. The text of the law, examined by the author, neglects important issues such as the division into constituencies or the creation of political parties, banned since 1969, or even the electoral formula to be adopted. Although Libya appears to be on the path of progress, many questions remain open and it is still to be seen if the time table that articulates the political events of the next few months can realistically be met
Estudio de la fauna de culícidos vectores de enfermedades en el eje metropolitano de Cochabamba: Approbacion final 2023; Formulario de registro del proyecto (junio 2022)
No full textThe project, lasting two years (2023-2024), aims to determine the taxonomic composition of mosquito vectors of diseases in the metropolitan area of Cochabamba, Bolivia. It seeks to characterize the types of breeding sites of these vectors through entomological sampling and to carry out the taxonomic identification of the collected specimens. Additionally, the project will contribute to the expansion of the regional reference insect collection located in the medical entomology laboratory at the Universidad Mayor de San Simón. The obtained data will be recorded in an online-accessible database (VECTOBOL).El proyecto, con una duración de dos años (2023-2024), tiene como objetivo determinar la composición taxonómica de los culícidos vectores de enfermedades en el eje metropolitano de Cochabamba, Bolivia. Se busca caracterizar la tipología de los criaderos de estos vectores mediante muestreo entomológico y realizar la identificación taxonómica de los especímenes colectados. Además, el proyecto contribuirá a la ampliación de la colección de referencia regional de insectos ubicada en el laboratorio de entomología medica de la Universidad mayor de San Simón. Los datos obtenidos serán registrados en una base de datos informática (VECTOBOL), accesible en línea.Le projet, d'une durée de deux ans (2023-2024), vise à déterminer la composition taxonomique des moustiques vecteurs de maladies dans la zone métropolitaine de Cochabamba, Bolivie. Il cherche à caractériser les types de gîtes larvaires de ces vecteurs par des échantillonnages entomologiques et à réaliser l'identification taxonomique des spécimens collectés. De plus, le projet contribuera à l'élargissement de la collection de référence régionale d'insectes située dans le laboratoire d'entomologie médicale de l'Université Mayor de San Simón. Les données obtenues seront enregistrées dans une base de données accessible en ligne (VECTOBOL)
Considerazioni sull’intervento militare in Libia a dieci anni dalla nascita della ‘Responsibility to Protect’
No full textRiassunto – Considerazioni sull’intervento militare in Libia a dieci anni dalla nascita della ‘Responsibility to Protect’
L’articolo esamina il grado di conformità dell’intervento militare in Libia alla cosiddetta Dottrina della ‘Responsabilità di proteggere’ (‘Responsibility to Protect’ – RtoP), ufficialmente accolta in seno all’ONU con una risoluzione dell’Assemblea Generale del 2005. L’autore cerca di stabilire se, ed in quale misura, l’intervento in questione abbia costituito un primo passo – per il momento isolato ma in ogni caso significativo – verso una nuova disciplina dell’uso della forza nelle relazioni internazionali. Dopo una prima parte introduttiva, nella quale si riassume il contenuto della RtoP, l’articolo analizza la genesi e la natura giuridica del conflitto libico. Viene quindi compiuto un puntuale lavoro di raffronto tra le linee guida elaborate nel ‘Report of International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty’ (Rapporto ICISS) del 2001 – principale documento di riferimento della RtoP – e le disposizioni contenute nelle Risoluzioni del Consiglio di Sicurezza approvate in risposta alla crisi libica. Nell’ultima parte dell’elaborato si affrontano infine gli aspetti che riguardano più strettamente l’utilizzo dello strumento militare, provando a verificare la corrispondenza tra i c.d. ‘Principi operativi’ previsti nel Rapporto ICISS e quanto avvenuto effettivamente sul campo.Summary – Some Considerations on the Military Intervention in Libya Ten Years after the Birth of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’
The article examines the level of compliance of the military intervention in Libya with the so-called doctrine of ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (RtoP), which was officially welcomed by the UN General Assembly in a 2005 Resolution. The author tries to establish whether and to what extent the 2011 international intervention in Libya represents a first step – isolated but significant – towards a new discipline on the use of force in international relations, based on the RtoP doctrine. In this respect, first the article briefly summarizes the RtoP theory, together with the genesis and the legal nature of the conflict in Libya. Then, it presents a detailed comparison between the RtoP principles, as developed in the 2001 Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS Report), and the provisions contained in the Resolutions of the Security Council which were approved in response to the Libyan crisis. In the last section, the author focuses on those aspects which are more closely related to the use of force, trying to verify the congruity between the operational principles laid down in the ICISS Report and the implementation of NATO-led military operations over Libya in the Spring-Summer of 2011
Estudio de la fauna de culícidos vectores de enfermedades en el eje metropolitano de Cochabamba: Approbacion final 2023; Formulario de registro del proyecto (junio 2022)
No full textThe project, lasting two years (2023-2024), aims to determine the taxonomic composition of mosquito vectors of diseases in the metropolitan area of Cochabamba, Bolivia. It seeks to characterize the types of breeding sites of these vectors through entomological sampling and to carry out the taxonomic identification of the collected specimens. Additionally, the project will contribute to the expansion of the regional reference insect collection located in the medical entomology laboratory at the Universidad Mayor de San Simón. The obtained data will be recorded in an online-accessible database (VECTOBOL).El proyecto, con una duración de dos años (2023-2024), tiene como objetivo determinar la composición taxonómica de los culícidos vectores de enfermedades en el eje metropolitano de Cochabamba, Bolivia. Se busca caracterizar la tipología de los criaderos de estos vectores mediante muestreo entomológico y realizar la identificación taxonómica de los especímenes colectados. Además, el proyecto contribuirá a la ampliación de la colección de referencia regional de insectos ubicada en el laboratorio de entomología medica de la Universidad mayor de San Simón. Los datos obtenidos serán registrados en una base de datos informática (VECTOBOL), accesible en línea.Le projet, d'une durée de deux ans (2023-2024), vise à déterminer la composition taxonomique des moustiques vecteurs de maladies dans la zone métropolitaine de Cochabamba, Bolivie. Il cherche à caractériser les types de gîtes larvaires de ces vecteurs par des échantillonnages entomologiques et à réaliser l'identification taxonomique des spécimens collectés. De plus, le projet contribuera à l'élargissement de la collection de référence régionale d'insectes située dans le laboratoire d'entomologie médicale de l'Université Mayor de San Simón. Les données obtenues seront enregistrées dans une base de données accessible en ligne (VECTOBOL)
Comparison of transmission parameters between Anopheles argyritarsis and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in two ecologically different localities of Bolivia
No full textBackground: Anopheles (Anopheles) pseudopunctipennis is a recognized malaria vector in the slopes of the Andes of Bolivia. There, other species might be involved in malaria transmission and one candidate could be Anopheles argyritarsis. Although it is generally admitted that this species is not a malaria vector in the neotropical region, its potential role in transmission is still controversial and this situation has to be cleared, at least for Bolivia. Comparing the vectorial efficiency of An. pseudopunctipennis with that of An. argyritarsis could solve the question. Methods: The two species were sampled throughout Bolivia to estimate their degree of co-existence in their distribution range. Vectorial efficiencies of the two species were compared in two ecologically different localities where the species were sympatric by analysing their vectorial capacities and components (i e, human biting rates, human biting index, survival, durations of the gonotrophic cycle and extrinsic cycle), and the entomological inoculation rates (EIR). Mosquitoes were sampled monthly during more than one year in the two localities. A monthly sample consisted in hourly captures in four houses (inside and outside) in each locality, during four consecutive nights. Climatic variables (temperature, humidity, potential evapo-transpiration and precipitations) were recorded to better understand variability in the entomological parameters. Relationships were analysed using multivariate methods. Results: Anopheles pseudopunctipennis and An. argyritarsis are "altitude" species, sharing the same geographical distribution range in the Andes of Bolivia. No Plasmodium parasite was identified in An. argyritarsis and estimates of the vectorial capacity indicated that it is not a malaria vector in the two studied localities, unlike An. pseudopunctipennis which showed positive EIRs. This latter species, although not a very good malaria vector, exhibited better life traits values and better behavioural characteristics in favour of transmission as compared to An. argyritarsis. Conclusions: In the Andes of Bolivia, above 1000 m of altitude, An. pseudopunctipennis is likely to be the only malaria vector. There, it is present almost everywhere and priority control effort should be directed toward this species. Below 1000 m of altitude, vector incrimination should also be focused on other sympatric species (likely not An. argyritarsis) that might be locally important. From the present study, candidates would be among Anopheles rangeli, Anopheles triannulatus s.l., Anopheles trinkae, Anopheles nuneztovari s.l., Anopheles oswaldoi s.l. and Anopheles benarrochi s
Tratamiento quirúrgico del trauma abdominal en pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Trauma del Hospital Alcívar, período 2016-2017
No full textPDFEl objetivo del estudio fue analizar el tratamiento quirúrgico del trauma abdominal, mediante una investigación de campo en pacientes del Hospital Alcívar, Guayaquil, en el año 2016 y 2017. El estudio fue de tipo cuantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo y trasversal que incluye a 222 pacientes. Se empleó el programa SPSS 21 para el análisis de los resultados.Del total de pacientes del estudio (222), el 41,4% (92%) estuvo representado por el grupo etario entre 18-40 años que corresponde a los adultos jóvenes, el 62,6% (139) estuvo representado por el sexo masculino, residentes de zonas urbano-periféricas (54%) y rurales (20%) de procedencia la provincia del Guayas (85%). Del total de traumatismos cerrados, el 51% fue de víscera y del total de traumatismos abiertos, el 32% fue penetrante. La principal etiología del traumatismo abdominal fueron los accidentes de tránsito (37,4%), siendo la lesión asociada de las extremidades (51,8%) las más comunes. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes en el total de pacientes analizados fueron el dolor (100%), la distensión abdominal (80%) y los hematomas de la pared abdominal (70%). El Eco FAST con el 95,5% (212) fue el principal método diagnóstico del traumatismo abdominal, apoyado con la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) en el 73%. Las lesiones de órganos intraabdominales más frecuentes fueron del hígado (50,9%), intestinos (29,9%) y el bazo (24,3%), donde la laparotomía exploratoria (56,8%) y la rafia primaria (24,3%) fueron los procedimientos más realizados. La evolución clínica del 81,5% (181) fue favorable y el índice de mortalidad durante el periodo de estudio fue del 10,8%. Se concluye que el traumatismo abdominal en el Hospital Alcívar es exitoso porque sigue los lineamientos terapéuticos del MSP y de protocolos internacionales para reducir la morbimortalidad.
Palabras claves: tratamiento, dolor, víscera.
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“SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ABDOMINAL TRAUMA IN PATIENTS ATTENDED AT THE TRAUMA SERVICE OF THE ALCIVAR HOSPITAL, PERIOD 2016-2017"
Author: Libia Isabel Zambrano Paredes.
Tutor: Eduardo Antonio Rivas TorresThe objective of the study was to analyze the surgical treatment of abdominal trauma, through a field investigation in patients of the Hospital Alcívar, Guayaquil, in 2016 and 2017. The study was of quantitative, observational, retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional type that includes 222 patients. The SPSS 21 program was used to analyze the results. Of the total patients in the study (222), 41.4% (92%) was represented by the age group between 18-40 years that corresponds to young adults, 62.6% (139) was represented by sex male, residents of urban-peripheral (54%) and rural (20%) areas of origin in the province of Guayas (85%). Of the total number of traumatisms closed, 51% were visceral and of the total of open traumas, 32% were penetrating. The main etiology of abdominal trauma was traffic accidents (37.4%), with the associated lesion of the extremities (51.8%) being the most common. The most frequent clinical manifestations in the total of patients analyzed were pain (100%), abdominal distension (80%) and hematomas of the abdominal wall (70%). The FAST Eco with 95.5% (212) was the main diagnostic method of abdominal trauma, supported by computerized axial tomography (CAT) in 73%. The most frequent intraabdominal organ injuries were liver (50.9%), intestines (29.9%) and spleen (24.3%), where exploratory laparotomy (56.8%) and primary raffia (24 , 3%) were the most performed procedures. The clinical evolution of 81.5% (181) was favorable. and the mortality rate during the study period was 10.8%. It is concluded that the abdominal trauma at Hospital Alcívar is successful because it follows the therapeutic guidelines of the MSP and international protocols to reduce morbidity and mortality.Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicin
Anopheles of Bolivia : new records with an updated and annotated checklist
No full textAnopheles squamifemur has been identified from CDC light trap collections carried out at Arca de Israel, a small community located in the extreme north-east of Bolivia (Pando Department) on the banks of the river Madera, on the border with Brazil. Anopheles costai and An. forattinii have been identified in place of An. mediopunctatus which has been removed from the Bolivian list of Anopheles species. The first identification of An. trinkae in Bolivia by Dr. J.C. Lien in 1984 is cleared. The presence of An. deaneorum in Bolivia has been confirmed by our mosquito captures carried out in Guayaramerin (Pando Department, north-east of Bolivia), a border city separated from the type locality of An. deaneorum, the Brasilian city of Guajara-Mirin, by the large Mamore River. These new findings increase to 43 the total number of known Anopheles species for Bolivia for which an updated and partially annotated checklist is given. To cite this article: F. Lardeux et al., C. R. Biologies 332 (2009)
Nettoyage en profondeur. Une méthode simple pour éliminer les vinchucas de ma maison
No full textInternational audienc
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