112,798 research outputs found
Patrimonio culturale e festività dei carnevali: gli itinerari urbani dei rituali storici in Campania
No full textObiettivi, fasi e contenuti della ricerca sugli itinerari e i rituali storici dei carnevali della Campania
No full textTORO, José
No full textLetter from Mr. Francisco F. Belmer to Gen. Alvaro Obregón, referring Mr. José Toro. Reply to Mr. José Toro informing that he should readdress his job request to the Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit. File. T-5 / Carta del Sr. Francisco F. Belmar al Gral. Alvaro Obregón, recomendando al Sr. José Toro. Respuesta al Sr. José Toro informando que para lo relacionado con su empleo se dirija a la Secretaría de Hacienda. Exp. T-
Choice Experiments in Enviromental Impact Assessment: The Toro 3 Hydroelectric Project and the Recreo Verde Tourist Center in Costa Rica
No full textChoice experiments, a stated preference valuation method, are proposed as a tool to assign monetary values to environmental externalities during the ex-ante stages of environmental impact assessment. This case study looks at the impacts of the Costa Rican Institute of Electricity’s Toro 3 hydroelectric project and its affects on the Recreo Verde tourism center in San Carlos, Costa Rica. Compared to other valuation methods (e.g., travel cost and contingent valuation), choice experiments can create hypothetical but realistic scenarios for consumers and generate restoration alternatives for the affected good. Although they have limitations that must be taken into account in environmental impact assessments, incorporating economic parameters—especially resource constraints and tradeoffs—can substantially enrich the assessment process.stated-preference, economic valuation, choice experiments, hydropower, tourism, Costa Rica
Defying the law, negotiating change The Futanke’s opposition to the national ban on FGM in Senegal
No full textThis thesis is concerned with the politics of the preservation and ‘abandonment’ of female circumcision in Fouta Toro, Senegal. The focal point of analysis is the overt opposition to the law criminalising female genital cutting in 1999, and development projects raising awareness about excision in human rights and reproductive health education programmes. As an ethnography of the politics around bodily practices in the light of governmental and non-governmental intervention, the thesis looks at how different interest groups justify their position towards excision. This is a timely enquiry, given the Senegalese government’s ‘acceleration programme of the complete abandonment of excision by 2015’ and some Futanke leaders’ non-compliance with, and opposition to this intervention.
After providing details about ‘the ban’ on ‘female genital mutilation’ in Senegal and a critical reflection on the events that are seen to have led to the call for this ban, I carefully disentangle what ‘the opposition to the law’ is and who disagrees with ‘the abandonment’ of the practice in Fouta Toro. The central part of the thesis is guided by an analysis of how excision is embedded in constructions of personhood, sociality and ethnic identity, and how the body is imagined and located in this process. I show how conceptions of ethnic purity and pride are formulated in terms of fear about a ‘loss of culture’ and ‘foreign invasion’ which nourishes discourses of opposition to the law and non-governmental intervention. Others use ‘human rights’ associated with non-governmental organisations and the state as a vehicle to express their views against excision and those who oppose its criminalisation. I examine how idioms like ‘the state’, ‘human rights’ and ‘Futanke way of life’ feature in discourses around the ban of excision in Fouta Toro, and how respectability and honour are maintained through competing representations of the female body as a site of morality. Some claim the female body – a reproducer of cultural identities – with reference to duties through kin obligations, others with reference to ‘human rights’ and ‘the state’.
Based on 15 months’ ethnographic fieldwork in Fouta Toro and nine years working in and researching the impact of development in Senegal, this dissertation contributes to scholarship on Fouta Toro and indicates how governmental and non-governmental intervention stirs up the caste-related power structures of a society led by the Tooroɓɓe since the Islamic revolution in the 18th century. It shows how the female body is located as a site of morality, key to the reproduction of cultural identities
The helicase-like domain from "Thermotoga maritima" reverse gyrase : catalytic cycle and contribution to DNA supercoiling
No full textReverse gyrases are the only topoisomerases capable of introducing positive supercoils into circular DNA. Their exclusive presence in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms indicates a DNA thermoprotective role in vivo. In spite of the efforts to improve our knowledge of reverse gyrase, modest progress has been made since its discovery. Currently, only one crystal structure of the enzyme is available, and the most widely accepted reaction mechanism is a hypothetical one, mostly derived from the functions of enzymes related to reverse gyrase domains.
In the present work we address mechanistic aspects of the reaction by exploiting the capabilities of a wide range of techniques, to elucidate the role of one module of T. maritima reverse gyrase. Reverse gyrase consists of an N-terminal helicase-like domain, fused to a C-terminal topoisomerase domain. We selected the helicase-like domain as a model of study due to its capacity to couple ATP binding and hydrolysis to DNA processing. Exploiting of these features by reverse gyrase turns this region into a key player at virtually every step of DNA supercoiling.
Steady-state ATPase assays and equilibrium binding titrations with the helicase-like domain and the full-length enzyme, enabled us to prove for the first time a harnessing effect of the topoisomerase over the helicase-like domain. We showed that properties intrinsic to the helicase-like domain, like DNA-stimulated ATP hydrolysis, nucleotide-dependent affinity switch for DNA, and thermodynamic coupling between DNA binding and ATP binding and hydrolysis, are strongly reduced in the context of reverse gyrase. At that time apparent contradictions arose, from reports stating that the isolated helicase-like domain is less active than within the context of the full-length enzyme. We reconciled these differences by demonstrating that the presence of the putative N-terminal Zn-finger in the helicase-like domain construct is the cause for the decreased activity. Furthermore, we have elucidated the thermodynamic and conformational cycle of the helicase-like domain, and predicted the stages fulfilling the requirements for interdomain communication, local duplex DNA unwinding, and the stages where DNA is in a suitable state to support the supercoiling reaction. Finally, besides the use of smFRET as a tool to investigate conformational changes in solution, we have also provided high-resolution snapshots of the helicase-like domain via X-ray crystallography. We have provided the most detailed structures of this region to this date, in the apo and ADP-bound forms. They also revealed high flexibility of the linker joining the RecA domains with relative orientations far from random, and local differences in secondary structure motifs that discard the assumption of all reverse gyrases having a “monolithic” build-up.
We also created a deletion mutant of the latch, region with a sui generis location, perfectly suited for interdomain communication. Previous reports stated that its deletion from reverse gyrase abolishes positive supercoiling. We demonstrated its strong involvement in DNA binding, DNA-stimulated ATP hydrolysis, and thermodynamic coupling between these processes in the isolated helicase-like domain. We also revealed its role in presenting the ssDNA to the topoisomerase domain and in guiding the strand passage and resealing, ensuring the directionality leading to the introduction of positive supercoils. Additionally, we also elucidated the nucleotide cycle and conformational transitions for this helicase-like domain mutant, which gave the first indications of why no positive supercoiling can be performed by the full-length reverse gyrase lacking the latch, and only DNA relaxation is allowed.
Finally, our pre steady-state kinetic studies allowed us to fully describe the unstimulated ATPase activity of the isolated helicase-like domain. We also demonstrated for the first time its DNA unwinding activity, shedding light on the rarely documented local B-DNA duplex destabilization of helicase-like modules, appended to bigger enzymes. Additionally, the sequence of ssDNA strand release, and identification of secondary structure motifs involved in ssDNA binding at different stages were determined. Together with the finding of new conformational states via smFRET, and “targeted” supercoiling assays with the full-length enzyme, we end up proposing a detailed catalytic mechanism, similar to the one derived from the reverse gyrase structure, only this time based on and supported by a combination of kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural data
Evidence of thermal pressurization in high-velocity friction experiments on smectite-rich gouges
No full textThermal pressurization of pore fluid is one of the possible mechanisms responsible for dynamic weakening in landslides and earthquakes, but, to date, has not been reproduced in the laboratory. Here, we report high-velocity experiments performed in a rotary shear friction apparatus on smectite-rich gouges from the 1963 Vaiont landslide (Italy). The gouges were slid under 1 MPa normal stress, for displacements up to 30 m and a slip rate of 1.31 m s-1 under room-humidity and water-saturated conditions. Sample dilatancy was observed in room-humidity runs after similar to 3-4 m of slip, concomitant with an increase in normal stress and a decrease in shear stress. Mineralogical and microstructural investigations suggest that dilatancy resulted from expansion of the H(2)O released by the collapse of the smectite structure due to frictional heating of the slipping zone at T > 200 degrees C. We conclude that sample dilatancy is due to thermal pressurization of the clay-rich gouge
Triacanthoneus toro in Anker 2010
No full textTriacanthoneus toro Anker, 2010 Figs. 9–11 Triacanthoneus toro Anker 2010a: 49, figs. 1–4, 10A–C. Material examined. Triacanthoneus toro Anker, 2010: 1 ovigerous specimen (cl 3.8 mm), MZUSP 33674, Panama, Caribbean coast, Bocas del Toro, Isla Popa, shallow sea grass flat, with rubble, sponges, sea plumes, and some corals, depth: 0.5–2 m, leg. A. Anker et al., 30 April 2015; 2 non-ovigerous specimens (cl 4.4 mm, 4.6 mm), MZUSP 33675, Panama, Caribbean coast, Bocas del Toro, Isla Bastimentos, Cayo Coral, shallow subtidal sand flat with sea grass and coral rubble, in burrow, suction pump, depth: 0.5–1 m, leg. A. Anker et al., 28 April 2015. Tentative identification: Triacanthoneus cf. toro Anker, 2010: 1 ovigerous specimen (cl 4.5 mm), OUMNH. ZC. 2016-01-0087, Mexico, Yucatan Peninsula, Sisal, El Casquito, 21°12’28.15”N 90°3’18.25”W, under coral, leg. J. Duarte, 18 October 2016. Remarks. The three Panamanian specimens agree very well with the type series of T. toro, as described and illustrated by Anker (2010a). The variation in the position of the carapacial teeth seems to be minimal (cf. Figs. 9, 10; Anker 2010a: figs. 1, 2B, 10A). Interestingly, the species is known with certainty only from Bocas del Toro in Panama (Isla Colón, Isla San Cristobal, Isla Popa and Isla Bastimentos), where it inhabits subtidal sand flats with abundant rubble and sea grass, often near mangroves, at depths ranging from 1 to 7 m (Anker 2010a; present study). The specimen from Sisal, Mexico, herein tentatively identified as T. cf. toro differs in some aspects from the holotype of T. toro, for instance, in the development of the conical anteromesial tubercle on the eyestalks, which seems to be much smaller in the former specimen and not visible in lateral view (cf. Fig. 11; Anker 2010a: fig. 2B; this tubercle being also clearly visible in the close-up views of the cephalic region in Figs. 9B, 10B). The Mexican specimen also has three pairs of very robust cuspidate setae inserted at approximately 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 of the telson length, respectively (Dr. Sammy De Grave, pers. comm.). However, the presence of additional cuspidate setae, as well as additional posterior spiniform setae on the telson might be an aberrant condition, which is occasionally also seen in other genera, especially in Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888 (e.g., Banner & Banner 1978, 1979; A. Anker, pers. obs.). Most of the other morphological characters of the Mexican specimen seem to be congruent with the description of T. toro in Anker (2010a). Most importantly, in the specimen from Sisal, the mid-dorsal tooth is situated at about half of the carapace length, whilst the lateral teeth arise in the hepatic area, well below and well more anterior relative to the mid-dorsal tooth (Fig. 11), exactly as in the holotype and the topotypical specimens of T. toro reported above (Anker 2010a: fig. 2A, B; see also Figs. 9, 10). Furthermore, in the specimen from Sisal, the postorbital margin margin is broadly rounded, without any trace of orbital teeth (Fig. 11), as in T. toro (Anker 2010a: fig. 2A, B). On the other hand, the general shape of the rostrum and the size of cornea of the Mexican specimen appear to be more like those of T. alacranes. De Grave et al. (2017), while reporting T. alacranes from Isla de la Juventud, Cuba, noted some important differences between their single Cuban specimen and the holotype of T. alacranes from Alacranes Reef. In the Cuban specimen, which is noticeably smaller than the holotype, the dorsolateral carapacial teeth are much more advanced compared to those of the holotype (De Grave et al. 2017: fig. 1A), almost approaching their position in T. toro. A further difference is that the postorbital margin of the Cuban specimen is much less pronounced and not as angular as in the holotype of T. alacranes (Dr. Sammy De Grave, pers. comm.), in which it forms subtriangular orbital teeth (cf. Anker 2010a: fig. 8A, B; De Grave et al. 2017: fig. 1A). However, the two pairs of the dorsal cuspidate setae of the telson of the Cuban specimen are small and situated in the posterior third of the telson, i.e. they agree in both their relative size and position with those of the holotype (Anker 2010a: fig. 8L). Based on the evaluation of the above features, the Cuban specimen indeed is best assigned to T. alacranes, whereas the Mexican specimen seems to be morphologically much closer to T. toro. With only three specimens of Triacanthoneus from the southern Gulf of Mexico and Cuba presently available, i.e. the holotype of T. alacranes from Alacranes Reef, the specimen from Sisal herein assigned to T. cf. toro, and the specimen from Isla de la Juventud identified as T. alacranes (De Grave et al. 2017), it is difficult to make more firm conclusions about the the above observed morphological differences. In the present study, they are considered as part of intraspecific variation within T. alacranes and T. toro, awaiting a thorough morphological + molecular analysis of this material and eventually, collection of new material.Published as part of Anker, Arthur, 2020, Taxonomic remarks on the alpheid shrimp genus Triacanthoneus Anker, 2010 with description of a second eastern Pacific species (Malacostraca: Decapoda), pp. 450-468 in Zootaxa 4772 (3) on pages 463-466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/381970
Neea cf. divaricata Poepp. & Endl. from Colombia collected by F. Toro, E. Álvarez, A. Camargo #140
No full textFile Name: TOLI-23683-ZAR-05-182.jpg
CÓDIGO FOTO: TOLI-23683-ZAR-05-182-
Fotografía: SI
Nº TOLI: TOLI-23683
PARCELA: ZAR-05
CÓDIGO: 182
Nº COLECTA: 140
NUEVOS COLECTORES: Alejandro Camargo, Felipe Toro & Esteban Alvarez
COLECTORES: F. Toro, E. Álvarez, A. Camargo
Nº MUESTRAS MONTADAS: 1
Homologación: No homologado
Nueva fecha del evento : 30/11/2018.
Fecha del evento: 01/10/2006.
Proyecto : Recursos Botánicos Disponibles en Línea (BRAVO) para la flora Colombiana
Hábitat: Bosque húmedo tropical (bh-T)
Comentario del evento: Bosque de tierra firme
Continente: SA
Pais: Colombia
Estado/Provincia: Amazonas
Municipio: Leticia
Localidad: Resguardo Indígena Ticuna-Huitoto Km 6-11.
Elevación minima en metros: 200
Elevación maxima en metros: 300
Latitud: -4.004
Longitud original: -69.896
datum geodésico: WGS 84
Latitud decimal: -4.004
Longitud decimal: -69.896
Identificado por: Diego Suescún
Fecha de identificación: 15/02/2019.
Nombre cientifico: Neea cf. divaricata Poepp. & Endl.
Reino: Plantae
Filo: Magnoliophyta
Clase: Equisetopsida
Orden: Caryophyllales
Familia nueva: Nyctaginaceae
Género nuevo: Neea
especie nueva: divaricata
Autoría del nombre científico: Poepp. & Endl.
: Nyctaginaceae
genero herbario: Neea
especie herbario: divaricata
Especie de herbario para TNRS: Neea divaricata
Especie corregida herbario y desde TNRS: Neea divaricata
Familia corregida desde TNRS: Nyctaginaceae
: 277
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