254 research outputs found
Modelling environmental impacts of deposition of excreted nitrogen by grazing dairy cows
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Forecasting the consequence of global warming for white clover-based systems of livestock production
No full textPotential contribution of selected canopy traits to the tolerance of foliar disease by spring barley
No full textThe CFE Treaty: A Cold War Anachronism?
Full text linkOn November 19, 1990, the Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty was signed in Paris following the successful completion of 20 months of negotiations between the members of NATO and the Warsaw Pact Treaty Organization. At its completion President Bush hailed the agreement as ending the . . . military confrontation that has cursed Europe for decades. Despite the dramatic nature of this document, the large scale reduction required of all signatories, and the complex inspection regime it established; the completion of the treaty was overshadowed by the ongoing deterioration of the Warsaw Pact, end of the Berlin Wall, and impending conflict in the Persian Gulf between Iraq and the coalition headed by the United States. Even these events paled to insignificance in comparison to the dissolution of the Soviet Union roughly 1 year later. In this study, the author examines the viability of this agreement in the post-Cold War era. He describes the scope of the treaty, how it was adapted to meet many of the changes that have occurred, and how it has moved towards final implementation in November 1995.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1246/thumbnail.jp
Thermoelectric study of Co2FeAl thin films grown onto flexible P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer
No full textThe necessity of energy conversion solutions has increased over the last years due to the necessity to power the small and flexible devices related to the Internet of things (IoT) concept. One of the most promissory ways to address this challenge relies on thermoelectric effects, such as the anomalous Nernst effect. Here flexible poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) - P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer sheet with high dielectric constant were produced by the doctor blade technique and used as the substrate to produce Co2FeAl/P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) heterostructures. The Co2FeAl layers were grown by magnetron sputtering with a thickness of 40 nm. The integration of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) and magnetron sputtered Co2FeAl thin films allowed to explore the thermomagnetic properties of the composite through the Anomalous Nernst Effect and the influence of the flexible P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) substrate on this effect. The morphological, dielectric, and mechanical properties of the polymer were analyzed, as well as the structural, and magnetic properties of the magnetic thin films to support the thermomagnetic results. The Co2FeAl ferromagnetic thin films presented an isotropic magnetic behaviour, which was reflected in the thermomagnetic curves. Further, the curve's shape is stable irrespective of the thermal gradient and angle of the external magnetic field. The study demonstrates that it is possible to change from a rigid substrate (glass) to a flexible one (polymer), without affecting the thermomagnetic effect. Our findings open new possibilities to produce and integrate flexible high-dielectric polymers with thermomagnetic phenomena, which can be further explored for energy harvesting applications.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Funding UIDB/04650/2020, UID/QUI/00686/2020 and under projects MIT-EXPL/TDI/0033/2021, POCI-01–0247-FEDER-046985 and 2022.03931. PTDC, funded by national funds through FCT and by the ERDF through the COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizaç ão (POCI). The authors also thank the FCT for financial support under Grant 2021.07361.BD (R.S.P.) and FCT investigator contracts CEECIND/00833/2017 (RG) and 2020.04028. CEECIND (C.M.C.). Marcio A. Correa gratefully acknowledges the CAPES (8887.573100/2020–00) and CNPq. A. Ferreira thanks the FCT for the contract under the Stimulus of Scientific Employment (CTTI-31/18 – CF (2) junior researcher contract). Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez thanks the Basque Government Education and Industry Department under the IKUR and ELKARTEK programs, respectively. Author Marcio A Correa acknowledges support of the INCT of Spintronics and Advanced Magnetic Nanostructures (INCT-SpinNanoMag), CNPq 406836/2022–1
Impacts of climate change on livestock and possible adaptations: a case study of the United Kingdom
Full text linkAgriculture is a vital economic sector, providing food, fibre, and energy to a growing human population. Livestock are an important part of this sector, however the evidence and understanding of how a changing climate may affect livestock production systems, or how they may adapt to the changes, is a neglected area compared to the research into crop production. In this paper, we focus on livestock in the United Kingdom (UK), as an example of a temperate region likely to experience at least moderate changes in climate that will require changes to the way agricultural systems operate. We summarise the projected climate changes in this region, identify the main impacts likely to affect livestock agriculture, and discuss potential adaptation options at the farm level. We also categorise the adaptation options by the types of costs they incur, emphasising that many of these options involve management changes rather than investment and therefore no financial cost. Finally, we discuss the need for longer term planning to prepare for changes that have not yet been observed
Effectiveness of farm policies on social and economic development in rural areas of Scotland
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