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The twelve large colour prints of William Blake: a study on techniques, materials and context
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to study in entirety the group of large colour prints which William Blake made between 1795 and 1805. The series of prints represents the single most important and complete development of Blake’s skill as an innovative printmaker. Although they include some of Blake’s best-known images, they have not been studied before in their entirety or from the point of view of analysing the techniques and methods Blake had used. My study will show how Blake executed these truly impressive prints in terms of materials, method and motives. The first half of the thesis deals with the materialistic aspects of Blake’s colour printing. In chapter one tracing the controversial two-pull discussion to the root, I will make clear the focus points as well as revealing the early tradition of experimental criticism on Blake’s colour printing method. Focusing on two important critics, W. Graham Robertson and Ruthven Todd, and the periods they lived, I attempt to reveal the role they played in a wider context. Also I show how the tradition of Blake’s art was inherited directly through the Ancients to the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, which leads to Robertson and Todd. In the second chapter I deal with the development of Blake’s colour printing experiments. It is obvious that the Twelve Large Colour Prints were produced as a result of Blake’s series of colour printing experiments, starting with monocolour simple prints, going through the illuminated books progressing with more colours and higher skills
Faith, feeling and gender in the writing of Hartley, Wollstonecraft and Blake
Get PDFThis thesis examines David Hartley’s Observations on Man (1749) and elucidates how Hartley’s mechanical approach to mind, his conception of emotion, and the religious status he awards the body were newly relevant after 1791. In this way it identifies a ‘Hartlean culture’ within the Romantic period and seeks to explore how such an intellectual climate influenced the radical writers William Blake (1757–1827) and Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797). Blake and Wollstonecraft were acquainted with the famous bookseller Joseph Johnson, who republished Observations on Man in various forms and versions between 1775 and 1801. They also had an association with Johnson’s circle; the Hartlean concepts found throughout their work evidence Hartley’s latent popularity within intellectual culture, as well as the writers’ engagement with contemporary philosophical ideas. I propose that the renewed curiosity in Hartley during the 1790s reveals a specific religious and revolutionary culture wherein non-conformist views about Christianity and new ideas about the body, emotion and women flourished. Such a cultural moment renders Hartley a particularly important figure for debate since he integrated progressive values about equality and faith alongside advancing understanding of anatomy and mind. Hartley identified how God and happiness could be found physically within each person. He did this by combining a complex theory of vibrations and theory of association, where the body and mind functioned mechanically through a person’s feelings of pleasure and pain. These feelings manifested as physical vibrations and eventually led every person to desire goodness until finally, they can become ‘Godlike’ themselves. Hartley’s amalgamation of Christian and new theoretical concepts appealed to Blake and Wollstonecraft, and was much unlike the approach of Joseph Priestley who abridged Observations in 1775 to promote a wholly ‘scientific’ text. In this way, we can see resonances between Hartley, Blake and Wollstonecraft, even if they existed in different cultural contexts. In rethinking Blake and Wollstonecraft through Hartley, I offer new insights into their feminism. In particular I attend to how Hartlean culture enabled these writers to re-imagine gender and emotion: Wollstonecraft reinstates the female experience back into Hartlean concepts in order to promote women’s emotional potential and what she understands as the special power of the female-female bond. Blake responds to both Wollstonecraft and Hartley with his elevation of the feminine, one that envisions new potential for both sexes, emotionally and spiritually. In both cases, the writers share a fascination for the image of the female saviour, and they use terminology and concepts found in Hartley’s work to communicate their views. In being attentive to the shared vocabulary and ideas of these three writers’ works, this thesis highlights the importance of David Hartley and Hartlean culture for the field of Romantic Studies. It also illuminates Observations on Man as a vital contribution to the intellectual context of the 1790s
Job’s Gethsemane: tradition and imagination in William Blake’s illustrations for the book of job
Get PDFBlake created two versions of his Illustrations of the Book of Job, and it is now agreed that about twenty years separates his first watercolour series and the final engraved set of plates. The first chapter is biographical and technical: it establishes that the Butts series of water-colours was the product of the tumultuous and creative years 1805-10, following a time wh6n Blake experienced a strong sense of vision and Christian regeneration; whereas the engraved set was produced 1821-1826, at the end of his life. It also reviews all Blake's treatments of the Job theme. The friends-turned-accusers seem to have been a central pre-occupation. Blake's illustrations contain important elements which are not found in the Old Testament text. I have followed Bo Lindberg's principle that explanation should be sought in the artistic tradition, and in the work itself The second chapter concentrates on the tradition available to Blake, following and supplementing Lindberg's examination of the influence of the apocryphal Testament of Job, and of the artistic tradition of seeing Job as alter Christus and as Christian. Chapters three to five, interpreting Blake's imaginative use of this material, are new both in focussing on the Butts set, and in exploring the importance to Blake of St.Teresa, Fenelon, Mme. Guyon, Hervey and other people of prayer. Also discussed are Joseph Hallett's radical biblical commentary, of which Blake owned a copy, variant proofs discovered by Robert Essick of the first and last engraved plates, and the thirteenth century Job wall- paintings discovered in 1800 in St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster. Blake's Job was unique in the corpus of his work. Previous studies have followed Wicksteed in concentrating on the engraved set, and no one has explored the implications of the earlier dating now agreed for the watercolour series. The thesis is essentially concerned with Blake's Christocentric theme, and Job's inner journey of prayer, in these illustrations. Conclusions drawn differ substantially from Wicksteed's
A Hundred Years of Photo Wallets:Quentin Blake Centre for Illustration's Book of the Month
Get PDFAn interview with Annebella Pollen, author of More Than a Snapshot: A Visual History of Photo Wallets, which was selected as the May 2023 Book of the Month by the Quentin Blake Centre for Illustration
Dr. Holly Blake and Dr. Melissa Ooten - Faculty Author Interview
No full textDr. Holly Blake, Director of the WILL* program and Associate Dean for Outreach Education and Development, and Dr. Melissa Ooten, Associate Director of the WILL* Program and gender research specialist, discuss their new book, Audacious Voices: Profiles in Intersectional Feminism, published recently by She Writes Press. The book is a collection of twelve stories from WILL* alums. WILL* is a nationally recognized program for students interested in exploring gender through an intersectional lens, both in and out of the classroom. Students strengthen their leadership skills as they actively work to create a more equitable world
A Hundred Years of Photo Wallets:Quentin Blake Centre for Illustration's Book of the Month
Get PDFAn interview with Annebella Pollen, author of More Than a Snapshot: A Visual History of Photo Wallets, which was selected as the May 2023 Book of the Month by the Quentin Blake Centre for Illustration
Triginglymus Blake 1950
No full textGenre Triginglymus Blake, 1950 ESPÈCE TYPE. — Triginglymus hyperochus Blake, 1950. REMARQUES «This genus belongs to that group of ostracods known formerly under the genus Cythereis Jones,but differing from that and all subsequent genera in the possession of a triangular, “anti-slip” tooth behind the anterior cardinal angle and just anterior to and below the middle of the dorsal margin. The outline of the carapace is the nearest to that of Leguminocythereis Howe, but that genus has not such tooth» (Blake 1950).Published as part of Guernet, Claude, Huyghe, Damien, Lartaud, Franck, Merle, Didier, Emmanuel, Laurent, Gély, Jean-Pierre, Michel, Florent & Pilet, Ophélie, 2012, Les Ostracodes de la falunière de Grignon (Lutétien du Bassin de Paris): implications stratigraphiques, pp. 909-959 in Geodiversitas 34 (4) on page 938, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a12, http://zenodo.org/record/459749
Kirkegaardia franciscana Blake, 2016, new species
No full textKirkegaardia franciscana new species Figures 21–22 Monticellina sp. 2: Hilbig & Blake 2006: 262; Blake et al. 2009: 1796. Material examined. California continental slope west of the Farallon Islands, San Francisco Deep Ocean Disposal Site (SF-DODS) 2003 monitoring survey, R/ V Point Sur, Sta. 19, 37º37.97′N, 123º30.04′W, 2983 m, 24 September 2003, coll. J.A. Blake, holotype and 3 paratypes (LACM-AHF Poly 8921–2); 2004 monitoring survey, R/V Point Sur, Sta. 52, 37º44.00′N, 123º28.00′W, 2237 m, 0 3 October 2004, coll. J.A. Blake, 3 paratypes (LACM- AHF Poly 8923). Description. A small, elongate, threadlike species (Figs. 21 A–B, 22A); holotype complete, 1.5 mm long, 0.11 mm wide for 26 setigerous segments; most paratypes complete, similar in size and number of segments. Color in alcohol opaque white; no pigment present. Pre-setigerous region about 1.5x as long as wide; prostomium a conical lobe, narrowing to rounded tip (Figs. 21 A, 22A–D); eyes absent; nuchal organs observed in two paratypes as darkly pigmented areas at posterolateral margins (Fig. 22 C). Peristomium expanded, relatively smooth, with one partial lateral groove, but no distinct annulations (Fig. 21 A); dorsally with two narrow longitudinal grooves outlining a smooth, curved, broad dorsal surface with a weak narrow crest (Fig. 21 A). Dorsal tentacles inserted at posterolateral margins of peristomium, more widely separated than in related species. First pair of branchiae lateral to tentacles on peristomium; second pair of branchiae on posterior margin of setiger 1, dorsal to notosetae; subsequent branchiae in similar positions (Fig. 21 A). Thorax with 4–6 narrow segments about 2x as wide as long; parapodia not elevated over dorsum as in many related species; dorsal surface not enclosed in a groove formed by parapodia; thoracic segments abruptly transitioning to abdominal segments that are as long as wide (Figs. 21 A, 22A–D), then becoming longer than wide (Fig. 21 B), some moniliform 1.5x as long as wide (Figs. 21 B, 22A–D); far posterior segments narrowing to pygidium with a single lobe (Figs. 21 B, 22A). Parapodia reduced to simple conical lobes from which setae emerge. Thoracic and anterior abdominal parapodia with simple capillary setae only; middle and posterior abdominal neurosetae becoming shorter, broader, and with fine denticles along one edge at about setiger 30 (Fig. 21 C), these best observed with 1000x magnification and with Phase Contrast optics; individual denticles short, pointed toward apex of seta. Some abdominal notosetae observed with long stiff fibrils or serrations along one edge (Fig. 21 D), these very regular in appearance. Methyl Green stain. A spectacular MG staining pattern characterizes this species. The prostomium and lateral and dorsal sides of the peristomium develop a deep reticulated turquoise pattern followed by similar staining on the ventral and lateral sides of the thoracic parapodia (Fig. 22 D); the two longitudinal grooves on either side of the peristomium stain a deep green; the thoracic parapodia are in effect banded (Fig. 22 D). The reticulated pattern is due to embedded glands that are also stained by MG on most abdominal segments although being sparse; the pattern is not as intense as on anterior segments. Etymology. The name franciscana refers to the proximity to the City of San Francisco of the sampling site, the San Francisco Deep Ocean Disposal Site. Remarks. Kirkegaardia franciscana n. sp. is a unique species in the very small size, expanded and rounded shape of the anterior end, narrow abdominal region with moniliform segments, and the distinctive MG staining pattern. The denticulated neurosetae are few, usually no more than two or three per abdominal neuropodium and with the fine denticles observed only with at least 1000x magnification. The serrated notosetae are also few and observed only with 1000x. The long pointed serrations of these setae were initially thought to be merely splayed fibrils sometimes observed on capillaries of other cirratulids. However, the regularity and consistent size of these serrations finally suggested they were a consistent type of tooth or denticle. It needs to be stated, however, that none of these specimens were sexually mature and it is entirely possible that they are juveniles. In a program during which more than 180 quantitative benthic samples were collected over a period of 13 years, K. franciscana n. sp. was rare, identified only three times, and either larger adults were never collected or were not recognized. The MG pattern was used to set them aside for further study resulting in this description as a new species. In checking other cirratulids from the study that are larger and might overlap with the morphology of smaller specimens of K. franciscana n. sp., two species of Aphelochaeta were described by Doner & Blake (2009); only one of which had a MG pattern and it was entirely different from that of K. franciscana. Other species of Aphelochaeta are also known from this area (Blake unpublished); none of these has a MG pattern as distinctive as that of K. franciscana. Kirkegaardia carinata n. sp. occurs throughout the study area and also has a distinctive, but different MG staining pattern and a very different morphology (see below). Biology. Kirkegaardia franciscana was collected only rarely over 13 years of monitoring at the San Francisco Deep-water Disposal site. The sediments where the species was collected are composed of fine silt. Throughout the study area the benthic fauna is dominated by a large suite of polychaetes of the families Paraonidae, Spionidae, Cossuridae, and cirratulids of the genus Chaetozone, most of which were described by Blake (2006). Ecology of the site was reported by Blake et al. (2009). Distribution. Known only from lower slope depths off northern California 2237–2983 m. Figures 21 and 22 about herePublished as part of Blake, James A., 2016, Kirkegaardia (Polychaeta, Cirratulidae), new name for Monticellina Laubier, preoccupied in the Rhabdocoela, together with new records and descriptions of eight previously known and sixteen new species from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4166 (1) on pages 44-47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4166.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/27234
Caulleriella pintada Blake 2021, new species
No full textCaulleriella pintada new species Figures 4–5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FE3FC01F-8A0A-4D02-87C0-D31C1DF978F5 Caulleriella sp. 3: Blake et al. 1987: C-2 (in part); Blake & Grassle, 1994: 854–855; Hilbig 1994: 940 (in part). Material examined. (83 specimens). Southeastern USA, off Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. South ACSAR Program, J.A. Blake, collector: Sta. 14A: Cruise SA-5, R/ V Gyre, Rep. 1, 20 Sep 1985, 32°32.25ʹN, 77°15.24ʹW, 600 m holotype (USNM 1642599), 40 paratypes (USNM 1642600); Rep. 2, 20 Sep 1985, 32°32.26ʹN, 77°15.29ʹW, 605 m, 21 paratypes (USNM 1642601); Rep. 3, 20 Sep 1985, 32°32.22ʹN, 77°15.31ʹW, 605 m, 20 paratypes (USNM 1642602). Description.A moderately large, elongate, threadlike species with body generally narrow throughout (Figs. 4A– B; 5A, C); some groups of anterior setigers variably inflated, but overall consistently narrow throughout, narrowest in far posterior setigers. Holotype complete, 11.2 mm long, 0.4 mm wide across anteriormost segments, about 0.2 mm wide in mid-body and posterior segments, with 67 setigerous segments. Anterior and middle setigers relatively short, about twice as wide as long (Fig. 4B); posterior setigers about as wide as long, weakly moniliform (Fig. 5F); some specimens with eggs in middle segments (Fig. 5G). Venter with shallow groove in anterior and middle segments, sometimes outlined with dark pigment (Fig. 4A); dorsal surface rounded throughout. Color in alcohol opaque white to light tan; larger specimens with dark brown to black pigment in variable patterns, sometimes outlining parapodia or ventral groove; pigment intense on some specimens including holotype (Figs. 4A, D, 5A), lighter on others; smallest specimens generally not exhibiting pigment. Pre-setiger region elongate, cylindrical, up to as long as first five setigers in holotype and largest paratypes (Figs. 4A–B, 5A, C); some specimens with peristomium medially inflated (Fig. 5C–D). Prostomium conical, tapering to bluntly rounded apex (Figs. 4A–B, 5A, C–D); eyespots absent; nuchal organs low mounds at posterior-lateral margins prostomium. Peristomium indistinctly separated from prostomium, with no visible annular rings, entire surface smooth, or wrinkled in larger specimens (Figs. 4A–B, 5A, C–D); paired dorsal tentacles arising from near posterior margin (Fig. 4A–B). First branchiae arising dorsal to notosetae on setiger 1; subsequent branchiae in similar position. Most branchiae missing or limited to scars, when retained branchiae long and thin. Parapodia reduced, weakly developed podia present only in anterior-most setigers, thereafter no podial lobes or lamellae observed, with setae arising directly from body wall. Notosetae of anteriormost setigers with 4–5 capillaries; notoacicular bidentate hooks first present from setiger 8 in holotype; with one hook at first, increasing to two hooks through mid-body segments, usually accompanied by 1–2 thin capillaries; posterior setigers with 2–3 hooks and 1–2 thin capillaries. Neuropodia with 4–5 long capillaries on setigers 1–4, replaced by bidentate hooks from setiger 5; one hook at first increasing to 2–3 hooks through mid-body segments; with 3–5 hooks in posterior setigers; neuropodial hooks accompanied 1–2 thin capillaries. Hooks in noto- and neuropodial fascicles directed toward one another, vis-à-vis. Individual hooks with relatively thick shaft, weakly curved, tapering to blunt-tipped main fang directed at about 45° with shaft (Figs. 4D–E, 5H–I); apical tooth smaller, point conforming to curve of shaft, directed forward and appearing to be an extension of an ‘alate’ flange or hood on the convex side of shaft (Fig. 4D–E). Neuropodial hooks heavier and shorter (Figs. 4E, 5H) than notopodial hooks (Figs. 4D, 5I). Pygidium a simple lobe bearing two ventral anal cirri (Figs. 4C, 5B, E). Methyl Green staining. No pattern. Remarks. Specimens identified as Caulleriella sp. 3 during the ACSAR program actually include two different species: (1) C. pintada n. sp., which appears to be restricted to sandy sediments at 600 m off South Carolina, and (2) C. filiformia n. sp., which occurred in fine-grained sediments along the 2000 m isobath off North and South Carolina and off New England. Caulleriella pintada n. sp. is unusual among species of Caulleriella in the nature of the elongate narrow peristomium that consists of a single ring that is distinctly wrinkled and pigmented in larger specimens. The body has brown to black pigment in variable patterns along the body; this pigment is intense on the holotype and most paratypes. This species, like C. filiformia n. sp., has bidentate setae with an apical tooth that is an extension of an ‘alate’ hood or flange on the convex side of the shaft, but differs in having the elongate pre-setiger region, branchiae from the posterior margin of the peristomium instead of setiger 1, and distinct pigmentation. Biology and Habitat. Cruise SA-5, was the only ACSAR survey on which samples were collected at Sta. 14A. The results presented by Blake et al. (1987) and Blake & Grassle (1994) indicate that Caulleriella pintada n. sp. (as Caulleriella sp. 3) was the most abundant invertebrate species encountered at the site with 14% of the total number of individuals. The sediment consisted of 94–95% sand with low water content. The coarse grain size of the sediments at Sta. 14A appears to be important for this species because it was not encountered at other 600 m stations off Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras where the sediments have a high silt + clay content. Several paratypes were mature females with eggs about 100–110 µm in diameter (Fig. 5G). Etymology. The epithet pintada, is from the Spanish pintado, for painted or mottled, referring to the irregular pigmentation patterns found on the larger specimens of this species. Distribution. Off Charleston, South Carolina, 600– 605 m.Published as part of Blake, James A., 2021, New species and records of Caulleriella (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean, pp. 253-279 in Zootaxa 4990 (2) on pages 261-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/502631
William Blake on Self and Soul /
No full textIt has been clear from the beginning that William Blake was both a political radical and a radical psychologist, and in William Blake on Self and Soul Laura Quinney uses her sensitive, surprising readings of the poet to reveal his innovative ideas about the experience of subjectivity.It has been clear from the beginning that William Blake was both a political radical and a radical psychologist, and in William Blake on Self and Soul Laura Quinney uses her sensitive, surprising readings of the poet to reveal his innovative ideas about the experience of subjectivity.Electronic reproduction.Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher’s Web site, viewed October 27 2015
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