1,721,916 research outputs found
In-vitro effects of growth-hormone and other hormones on chondrocytes and osteoblast-like cells - discussion
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Genetic predisposition and chromosome instability in neuroblastoma
No full textNeuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor of embryonic origin. About 1–2% of all NBs are familial cases, and genetic predisposition is suspected for the remaining cases. During the last decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and high-throughput sequencing approaches have been used to identify associations among common and rare genetic variants and NB risk. Substantial data has been produced by large patient cohorts that implicate various genes in NB tumorigenesis, such as CASC15, BARD1, CHEK2, LMO1, LIN28B, AXIN2, BRCA1, TP53, SMARCA4, and CDK1NB. NB, as well as other pediatric cancers, has few recurrent mutations but several copy number variations (CNVs). Almost all NBs show both numerical and structural CNVs. The proportion between numerical and structural CNVs differs between localized and metastatic tumors, with a greater prevalence of structural CNVs in metastatic NB. This genomic chaos frequently identified in NBs suggests that chromosome instability (CIN) could be one of the major actors in NB oncogenesis. Interestingly, many NB-predisposing variants occur in genes involved in the control of genome stability, mitosis, and normal chromosome separation. Here, we discuss the relationship between genetic predisposition and CIN in NB
A hitherto unreported high incidence of zoledronic acid-induced acute phase reaction in patients with cancer treatment-induced bone loss
No full textTargeting bone metastases starting from the preneoplastic niche: home sweet home
No full textThe metastatic process is a multistep coordinated event with a high degree of efficiency. Specific subpopulations of cancer stem cells, with tumor-initiating and migratory capacity, can selectively migrate towards sites that are able to promote survival and/or proliferation of metastatic tumor cells through a microenvironment modification. Cross-talk between the bone microenvironment and cancer cells can facilitate bone tropism of cancer cells. Fully understanding this complexity represents a major challenge in anti-cancer research and a mandatory step towards the development of new drugs potentially able not only to reduce the consequences of bone lesions but also to target the metastatic process in visceral sites
New drugs for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: focus on palonosetron
No full textSignificant progress has been made in the development of effective, convenient and well-tolerated means to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Nevertheless, a substantial minority of patients continue to have suboptimal antiemetic control, and additional treatment approaches are needed. One avenue of investigation being pursued involves the evaluation of a new 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT(3)) receptor antagonist (palonosetron) that differs from available serotonin antagonists in its markedly longer half-life (40 h) and greater binding affinity for the type-3 serotonin receptor. Analysis of available clinical data demonstrates that palonosetron is an active and well-tolerated new 5-HT(3) antagonist. Moreover, single-dose palonosetron, prior to chemotherapy, has demonstrated improved control of CINV through the full period of emetic risk with a single dose. Palonosetron is recommended as the preferred treatment of acute and delayed emesis prevention with moderate emetic risk chemotherapy in the most recently published evidence-based antiemesis consensus guidelines. Further studies incorporating dexamethasone to 5-HT(3) antagonists will be necessary to determine the relative efficacy of palonosetron compared with available agents. These trials could open a new era in the treatment of CINV
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