23 research outputs found
Combustion characteristics and in-cylinder process of CAI combustion with alcohol fuels
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Controlled auto-ignition (CAI) combustion in the gasoline engine has been extensively studied in the last several years due to its potential for simultaneous improvement in fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. At the same time, there has been increasing interest in the use of alternative fuels in order to reduce reliance on conventional fossil fuels. Therefore, this study has been carried out to investigate the effect of alcohol fuels on the combustion characteristics and in-cylinder processes of CAI combustion in a single cylinder gasoline engine.
In order to study the effect of alcohol fuels, combustion characteristics were
investigated by heat releases analysis in the first part. The combustion process was
studied through flame structure and excited molecule by chemiluminescence imaging.
Furthermore, in-cylinder gas composition was analysis by GC-MS to identify the auto-ignition reactions involved in the CAI combustion. In addition, the influence of
spark-assisted ignition and injection timings were also studied.
Alcohol fuels, in particular methanol, resulted in advanced auto-ignition and faster
combustion than that of gasoline. In addition, their use could lead to substantially lower HC, NOX and CO exhaust emissions. Spark-assisted ignition assisted gasoline combustion by advancing ignition timing and initiating flame kernel at the centre of combustion chamber but it had marginal effect on alcohol fuels. Auto-ignition always took place at the perimeter of the chamber and occurred earlier with alcohol fuels. Fuel reforming reactions during the NVO period were observed and they had significant effect on alcohol combustion
MaNIDA: Integration of marine expedition information, data and publications: Data Portal of German Marine Research
No full textThe Marine Network for Integrated Data Access (MaNIDA) aims to build a sustainable e-infrastructure to support
discovery and re-use of marine data from distinct data providers in Germany (see related abstracts in session ESSI 1.2). In order to provide users integrated access and retrieval of expedition or cruise metadata, data, services and publications as well as relationships among the various objects, we are developing (web) applications based on state of the art technologies: the Data Portal of German Marine Research.
Since the German network of distributed content providers have distinct objectives and mandates for stor-
ing digital objects (e.g. long-term data preservation, near real time data, publication repositories), we have to cope with heterogeneous metadata in terms of syntax and semantic, data types and formats as well as access solutions.
We have defined a set of core metadata elements which are common to our content providers and therefore useful
for discovery and building relationships among objects. Existing catalogues for various types of vocabularies are being used to assure the mapping to community-wide used terms.
We distinguish between expedition metadata and continuously harvestable metadata objects from distinct
data providers.
• Existing expedition metadata from distinct sources is integrated and validated in order to create an expedition metadata catalogue which is used as authoritative source for expedition-related content. The web application allows browsing by e.g. research vessel and date, exploring expeditions and research gaps by tracklines and viewing expedition details (begin/end, ports, platforms, chief scientists, events, etc.). Also expedition-related objects from harvesting are dynamically associated with expedition information and presented to the user. Hence we will provide web services to detailed expedition information.
• Other harvestable content is separated into four categories: archived data and data products, near real time data, publications and reports. Reports are a special case of publication, describing cruise planning, cruise reports or popular reports on expeditions and are orthogonal to e.g. peer-reviewed articles. Each object’s metadata contains at least: identifier(s) e.g. doi/hdl, title, author(s), date, expedition(s), platform(s) e.g. research vessel Polarstern.
Furthermore project(s), parameter(s), device(s) and e.g. geographic coverage are of interest. An international
gazetteer resolves geographic coverage to region names and annotates to object metadata. Information is
homogenously presented to the user, independent of the underlying format, but adaptable to specific disciplines e.g. bathymetry. Also data access and dissemination information is available to the user as data download link or web services (e.g. WFS, WMS). Based on relationship metadata we are dynamically building graphs of objects to support the user in finding possible relevant associated objects. Technically metadata is based on ISO / OGC standards or provider specification. Metadata is harvested via OAI-PMH or OGC CSW and indexed with Apache Lucene. This enables powerful full-text search, geographic and temporal search as well as faceting.
In this presentation we will illustrate the architecture and the current implementation of our integrated ap-
proach
อิทธิพลของน้ำมันเบนซินที่ใช้เป็นเชื้อเพลิงร่วมในเครื่องยนต์จุดระเบิดด้วยการอัด Influence of Gasoline Dual Fuel on a Compression Ignition Engine
No full textปัญหาทางด้านมลพิษที่ออกมาจากยานยนต์และความไม่สมดุลในด้านปริมาณการใช้เชื้อเพลิงดีเซลและเบนซิน ทำให้เกิดแนวคิดและงานวิจัยในการนำเชื้อเพลิงเบนซินมาประยุกต์ใช้ในเครื่องยนต์ดีเซล งานวิจัยนี้เป็นการศึกษาผลกระทบของการใช้น้ำมันเบนซินเป็นเชื้อเพลิงร่วมที่สัดส่วนต่าง ๆ ต่อสมรรถนะ ประสิทธิภาพ ปริมาณสารมลพิษ ตลอดจนคุณลักษณะการเผาไหม้ในเครื่องยนต์จุดระเบิดด้วยการอัด การทดสอบกระทำในเครื่องยนต์ดีเซลสูบเดียว สี่จังหวะ โดยน้ำมันดีเซลจะถูกฉีดตรงเข้าไปในกระบอกสูบด้วยระบบฉีดเชื้อเพลิงความดันสูงแบบรางร่วมที่ควบคุมด้วยระบบอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ ในขณะที่น้ำมันเบนซินที่สัดส่วนร้อยละ 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 และ 60 ของค่าพลังงาน จะถูกฉีดเข้าไปในท่อไอดีด้วยหัวฉีดความดันต่ำที่ 3 บาร์เพื่อให้เกิดการระเหยและผสมกับอากาศเป็นเนื้อเดียวกันก่อนเข้าสู่ห้องเผาไหม้ ทั้งนี้ผลการทดสอบทั้งหมดจะถูกเปรียบเทียบกับค่าที่ได้ในกรณีที่เครื่องยนต์ทำงานด้วยน้ำมันดีเซลแบบปกติ ผลการทดสอบพบว่าการใช้น้ำมันเบนซินเป็นเชื้อเพลิงร่วมส่งผลให้ แรงบิด กำลัง ค่าความดันยังผลเฉลี่ยและประสิทธิภาพเชิงความร้อนของเครื่องยนต์มีค่าเพิ่มสูงขึ้นมากกว่าเครื่องยนต์ที่ใช้น้ำมันดีเซลปกติ โดยร้อยละการเพิ่มขึ้นจะขึ้นอยู่กับสัดส่วนของน้ำมันเบนซินที่ใช้ อย่างไรก็ตามเมื่อมีการใช้น้ำมันเบนซินเพิ่มสูงขึ้น ค่าสมรรถนะและประสิทธิภาพจะมีแนวโน้มคงที่และลดลง และเครื่องยนต์เกิดการน็อกในที่สุด สำหรับปริมาณสารมลพิษ การใช้น้ำมันเบนซินเป็นเชื้อเพลิงร่วมที่สัดส่วนต่ำสามารถลดปริมาณ คาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์ ออกไซด์ของไนโตรเจน สารประกอบไฮโดรคาร์บอนและควันดำได้เป็นอย่างดี ในขณะที่คุณลักษณะการเผาไหม้ของการใช้น้ำมันเบนซินเป็นเชื้อเพลิงร่วมบ่งชี้ถึงการลดลงของช่วงล่าช้าในการจุดระเบิด และการเพิ่มขึ้นของอัตราการปลดปล่อยพลังงานความร้อนในช่วงการเผาไหม้สารผสมที่ผสมไว้ก่อนแล้วอย่างชัดเจนAn air pollution problem from automobiles and an unbalanced problem of petroleum fuel consumption between gasoline and diesel have led the researches to apply gasoline in the compression ignition engine. This study investigated the effects of gasoline as the dual fuel on the performance, efficiency, exhaust gas emission and combustion characteristic of a compression ignition engine. A single-cylinder diesel engine had been used throughout the experiment. Diesel fuel was injected directly into the combustion chamber by means of the electronic high-pressure common rail injection system while gasoline (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 % by energy) was injected into the intake port by a port fuel injection at 3 bars. Gasoline was allowed to evaporate and mix with the air homogeneously before entering into the chamber. Conventional diesel combustion was also tested for the reference. The results found that when using gasoline dual-fuel torque, power, brake mean effective pressure and thermal efficiency increase with the percentage of gasoline. However, with the higher amount of gasoline ratio the performance and efficiency decrease. Finally, the knock has occurred. For exhaust emissions, a small amount of gasoline could reduce CO, THC, NOX and soot simultaneously. Combustion characteristic indicated the short ignition delay and the higher heat release rate during the premixed combustion period when gasoline dual fuel was applied in the diesel engine.Keywordsการใช้เชื้อเพลิงร่วม; น้ำมันเบนซิน; น้ำมันดีเซล; คุณลักษณะการเผาไหม้Dual fuel; Gasoline; Diesel; Combustion characteristi
Combustion Characteristics and Particulate Matter Number Size Study of Ethanol and Diesel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Engine
No full textCombustion characteristics of CAI combustion with alcohol fuels
No full textSAE paper 2010-01-0843: Copyright © 2010 SAE International. This paper is posted on this site with permission from SAE International, and is for viewing only. Further use and distribution of this paper is not permitted without permission from SAE.Due to its potential for simultaneous improvement in fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, controlled autoignition (CAI) combustion has been subject to continuous research in the last several years. At the same time, there has been a lot of interest in the use of alternative fuels in order to reduce reliance on conventional fossil fuels. Therefore, this experimental study has been carried out to investigate the effect of alcohol fuels on the CAI combustion process and on the resulting engine performance.
The experimental work was conducted on an optical single cylinder engine with an air-assisted injector. To achieve controlled autoignition, residual gas was trapped in the cylinder by using negative valve overlap and an intake air heater was used to ensure stable CAI combustion in the optical engine. Methanol, ethanol and blended fuels were tested and compared with the results of gasoline. The combustion processes were analysed through total chemiluminescence images captured with a high speed camera equipped with an intensifier. In addition, the effect of spark discharge was investigated.
The images show that CAI combustion of alcohol fuels was characterized with fast and early autoignition combustion compared with pure gasoline. Chemiluminescence of the gasoline fuel was most visible and it decreased with increasing percentage of oxygenated fuels. During the re-compression stroke, chemiluminescence images of the gasoline engine indicated the presence of oxidation reactions. In the presence of spark discharge, the location of charge ignition was dominated by spark discharge at the center of cylinder while simultaneous autoignition sites were found around the periphery of the combustion chamber for non-spark-assisted ignition
Biofuel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oils and Ethyl Acetate via Interesterification under CaO Catalyst from Waste Eggshells
No full textHigh quality jatropha biodiesel (H-FAME) and its application in a common rail diesel engine
No full textScenario Analysis of Electric Vehicle Technology Penetration in Thailand: Comparisons of Required Electricity with Power Development Plan and Projections of Fossil Fuel and Greenhouse Gas Reduction
No full textAbstractIn this study, the benefits and trade-off for penetration of electric vehicle (EV) technology in Thai road transportation were analyzed by using offend-use energy demand model. Two vehicle types (motorcycle and passenger car) were considered for possible EV penetration as partial EV, which are hybrid EV (HEV) and plug-in hybrid EV (PEV) and full EV, which is battery EV (BEV). The assumption for EV penetration was derived from Thai government policy target and available technology perspective into four different scenarios, e.g. Business As Usual (BAU), electric motorcycle (eMC), passenger car EV (PcEV) and the extremely case of combined EV penetration in both motorcycle and passenger car. The energy demand model for road transportation from our previous works was constructed usin
Comparison Study on Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Jatropha, Palm and Petroleum Based Diesel Fuel
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