136,546 research outputs found
Opopaea gibbifera Tong & Li 2008
No full textOpopaea gibbifera Tong & Li, 2008 Figs 1 D, L, 2 F, G, 11 Opopaea gibbifera Tong & Li, 2008: 64, figs 7 A–G (Ƥ). Material examined: 7 males, 5 females, CHINA: Hainan, Yinggeling Natural Reserve, 2 August 2007, S. Li leg. (LiSQ 148); 1 male, 1 female, CHINA: Hainan, Wuzhishan National Natural Reserve (18 ° 54.419´N, 109 ° 40.752´E), 744 m a.s.l., 4 August 2007; 2 females, CHINA: Hainan, Wuzhishan National Natural Reserve, 9 August 2007, C. Wang leg. (WangCX 138). All specimens deposited in IZCAS. Diagnosis: This species is recognized by the presence of cone-shaped tubercles on posterior corners of carapace dorsal surface (Figs 1 D, L), the large palpal depression and long outgrowths on male palpal embolus (Figs 11 A, C, E, see Tong & Li, 2008: figs 7 F, G) and small triangular shaped anterior edge of postgynal depression of female (Fig. 2 G). Distribution: China (Hainan: Wuzhishan Mountain (type locality), Yinggeling) (Map 2).Published as part of Tong, Yanfeng & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, The Goblin Spiders of the Genus Opopaea (Araneae, Oonopidae) in Hainan Island, China, pp. 23-43 in Zootaxa 2327 on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20579
Tong.
No full textPatent for improvements for a tong "specially designed for use in screwing together and unscrewing tool joints and for turning heavy pipe in the process of screwing together and unscrewing sections thereof." (lines 10-14
Credit rationing and firms in oligopoly
No full textThis paper develops a theory of the firm, and equilibrium credit rationing mechanisms in oligopoly with R&D-product market competition. Credit rationing arises from a hold-up problem between wealth-constrained entrepreneurs and external investors. Underinvestment occurs if entrepreneurial wealth constraint is binding, even though the equilibrium corporate governance structure addresses the hold-up problem optimally. In a symmetric equilibrium outcome all firms face equitable credit-size rationing. In contrast the asymmetric equilibrium outcome sees some firms (the 'preys') denied external credits entirely while the others (the 'predators') receiving more favorable finances, which turns out to increase market concentration and overall R&D investments
Leptoneta tianxinensis Tong & Li 2008, n. sp.
No full textLeptoneta tianxinensis n. sp. (Fig. 5) TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype: China, Henan Province, Neixiang County, Qiliping Town, Sandaohe Village, Tianxin Cave (33°21’N, 111°53’E), 24.VI.2005, leg. Q. Wang & Y. Tong, ♂ (MNHN). Paratypes: same data as holotype, 12 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ (IZCAS); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN). ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name is derived from the type locality. DIAGNOSIS. — The new species is similar to L. xui Chen, Gao & Zhu, 2000, distributed in Guizhou Province, but can be distinguished by having the chelicera with seven promarginal teeth, instead of nine as in L. xui; the eyes are normal-sized, but reduced in L. xui; the ventral long spines of male palpal tibia is two, one strong and one relatively slender; and also by the different shape of lamina of male palpal bulb. DESCRIPTION Male (n = 15) Body length 1.83-1.87 (average: 1.85). Carapace 0.85-0.90 (average: 0.87) long, 0.74-0.76 (average: 0.75) wide; abdomen 0.92-0.98 (average: 0.96) long, 0.71-0.75 (average: 0.73) wide. Carapace yellow, with pair of hairs at antero-lateral area of PME. Median groove dark brown, needle-shaped. Cervical grooves and radial furrows evident and light brown. Clypeus 0.09-0.12 (average: 0.11) high. Six eyes. Eye sizes: ALE 0.06, PLE 0.06, PME 0.06. Distance between eyes: ALE-PME 0.10, PLE-PLE 0.08, PLE-PME 0.06. AER 0.11, PER 0.14. Major axes of PLE convergent behind. PME continuous, axes parallel. Chelicera (Fig. 5C) light brown, with seven teeth on promargin of fang furrow and four small teeth on retromargin. Endites and labium light brown. Sternum (Fig. 5E) and legs yellow. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 2.12 (0.82, 0.31, 0.39, –, 0.60); I 6.71 (1.85, 0.31, 1.96, 1.60, 0.99); II 5.52 (1.57, 0.30, 1.53, 1.29, 0.83); III 4.44 (1.29, 0.27, 1.16, 1.05, 0.67); IV 5.96 (1.72, 0.29, 1.67, 1.45, 0.83). Leg formula: I-IV-II-III. Legs with several long and thin spines. Femur I with some stout setae at basal 1/3 of anterior surface. Tibia I with rows of finely hairs ventrally (Fig. 5F). Metatarsus II and III (Fig. 4H, I) as L. setulifera n. sp., with a cluster of hairs on basal part of ventral surface, respectively.Abdomen haired, light gray, and oval in shape, no distinct pattern on the dorsum. Palpal femur without thick long spines ventrally. Palpal tibia with three long trichobothria on the dorsal surface and with two long spines ventrally, one is very thick and inserted a finely hair on apical part, the other one relatively slender (Fig. 5A, B). Cymbium distally branched. Female (n = 8) Similar to male in coloration and general features, but legs shorter. Body length 1.88. Carapace 0.70- 0.79 (average:0.76) long, 0.59-0.69 (average: 0.64) wide; abdomen 1.08 long, 0.98 wide. Clypeus 0.10-0.12 (average: 0.11) high. Eye sizes: ALE 0.06, PLE 0.06, PME 0.05. Distance between eyes: ALE-PME 0.08, PLE-PLE 0.07, PLE-PME 0.03. AER 0.10, PER 0.13. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 1.17 (0.38, 0.14, 0.24, –, 0.41); I 4.91 (1.37, 0.26, 1.36, 1.11, 0.81); II 4.07 (1.16, 0.24, 1.06, 0.91, 0.70); III 3.47 (1.00, 0.23, 0.87, 0.79, 0.58); IV 4.64 (1.33, 0.23, 1.26, 1.09, 0.73). Leg I without special hairs as in male. Internal genitalia with a pair of spermatheca and sperm duct, atrium visible (Fig. 5D, G).Published as part of Tong, Yanfeng & Li, Shuqiang, 2008, Six new cave-dwelling species of Leptoneta (Arachnida, Araneae, Leptonetidae) from Beijing and adjacent regions, China, pp. 371-386 in Zoosystema 30 (2) on page 382, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.539261
Leptoneta exilocula Tong & Li 2008, n. sp.
No full textLeptoneta exilocula n. sp. (Fig. 2) TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype: China, Beijing City, Fangshan District, Hebeizhen Town (39°48’N, 115°54’E), Bianfu Cave, leg. H. Chen & Y. Tong, ♂ (MNHN). Paratypes: same data as holotype, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (IZCAS); 2 ♀♀ (MNHN). ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name is from Latin, exil, small and ocul, eyes, in reference to the relatively smaller sized eyes of this species. DIAGNOSIS. — The new species is similar to L. miaoshiensis Chen & Zhang, 1993, but can be distinguished by having six eyes, instead of two eyes as in L. miaoshiensis; carapace hairless, instead of with rows of hairs from eyes to median furrow as in L. miaoshiensis; male palpal tibia with a strong short spine disto-laterally, but without the two long hairs presented on ventral surface as in L. miaoshiensis; abdomen without patterns; and also by the different shape of lamina of palpal bulb. DESCRIPTION Male (holotype) Body length 2.20. Carapace 0.92 long, 0.78 wide; abdomen 0.95 long, 0.89 wide. Carapace yellow, hairless. Cervical grooves and radial furrows evident and light brown. Median groove dark brown and needle-shaped.Clypeus 0.24 high. Eyes six.Eye sizes: ALE 0.03, PLE 0.03, PME 0.02. Distance between eyes:ALE-PME 0.08, PLE-PLE0.05, PLE-PME 0.06. AER 0.07, PER 0.10. Major axes of PLE convergent behind. PME continuous, axes parallel. Chelicera (Fig.2E) light brown, with eight teeth on promargin of fang furrow and five small teeth on retromargin. Endites and labium light brown. Sternum (Fig. 2D) and legs yellow.Measurements of palp and legs:palp 1.85 (0.72, 0.33, 0.37, –, 0.43); I 8.24 (2.28, 0.31, 2.51, 2.03, 1.11); II 6.13 (1.75, 0.30, 1.79, 1.40, 0.89); III 5.05 (1.43, 0.27, 1.38, 1.24, 0.73); IV 6.91 (2.03, 0.27, 2.10, 1.63, 0.88). Leg formula: I-IV-II-III. Femur I with some relatively thicker setae on middle part of anterior surface.Tibia I with rows of fine hairs on ventral surface (Fig. 2F). Abdomen haired, pale gray, and oval in shape,no distinct pattern on the dorsum. Palpal femur with many long spines. Palpal tibia with three long trichobothria on the dorsal surface and with a strong short spine disto-laterally (Fig. 2 A-C). Cymbium distally branched. Female Similar to male in coloration and general features, but legs shorter. Body length 1.69. Carapace 0.75 long, 0.69 wide; abdomen 0.95 long, 0.74 wide. Clypeus 0.17 high. Eye sizes: ALE 0.04, PLE 0.04, PME 0.03. Distance between eyes: ALE-PME 0.07, PLE-PLE 0.05, PLE-PME 0.04. AER 0.06, PER 0.11. Measurements of palp and legs: palp 1.66 (0.58, 0.19, 0.39, –, 0.50); I 6.48 (1.77, 0.26, 1.97, 1.52, 0.96); II 4.98 (1.42, 0.25, 1.42, 1.11, 0.78); III 4.17 (1.19, 0.24, 1.08, 1.01, 0.65); IV 5.65 (1.62, 0.24, 1.68, 1.34, 0.77). Leg I without special hairs as in male. Internal genitalia with a pair of spermatheca and sperm duct, atrium visible (Fig. 2G, H).Published as part of Tong, Yanfeng & Li, Shuqiang, 2008, Six new cave-dwelling species of Leptoneta (Arachnida, Araneae, Leptonetidae) from Beijing and adjacent regions, China, pp. 371-386 in Zoosystema 30 (2) on page 378, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.539261
Samut Sakhon Changwat (Thailand), bell tower at Wat Ang Tong
No full textKlong Pasi Charan; Tachin River [Suphan Buri river]; Wat Ang Tong. May 3, 4, 1936. F120. Bell tower Wat Ang Tong.GrayscalePendleton nitrate negative, Box 156 of 38
Trilacuna triseta Tong & Li 2020, sp. nov.
No full text<p>Trilacuna triseta Tong & Li sp. nov.Figs 11, 12, 14J-L, 16G, 16H</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p> <i>Holotype</i> ♂: Myanmar, Kachin State, Putao, Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary; 27°32.032'N, 97°00.036'E; elevation ca 2010 m; 15.V.2017; Wu J. and Chen Z. leg. (IZCAS AR-25155).</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p> The new species is similar to <i>T. bilingua</i> Eichenberger, 2011 but can be distinguished by the three black, thick setae on the endites of the male (Figs 11G, 16G, 16H) and the slender anterior branch (ab) of the embolus system (Fig. 12E, 12F, 12H). <i>Trilacuna bilingua</i> lacks black, thick setae on the endites, and the embolus system has two very short lobes basally (Eichenberger et al. 2011: fig. 5-6).</p> <p>Description.</p> <p> <b> Male. <i>Body</i></b> : reddish brown, chelicerae and sternum lighter, legs yellow; habitus as in Figure 11A-C; body length 1.97. <i>Carapace</i>: 0.95 long, 0.74 wide; sides smooth; lateral margin rebordered (Fig. 11B); posterior surface with several large setal bases (Fig. 11H). <i>Eyes</i>: ALE largest; PLE and PME nearly equal in size; ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius; PME touching each other; posterior eye row recurved as viewed from above, procurved as viewed from front (Fig. 11D, I). <i>Clypeus</i>: height about 0.85 times of ALE diameter, with a triangular, pointed, median projection (cmp). <i>Mouthparts</i> (Figs 11F, I, 16G, H): endites with three thick, black setae. <i>Sternum</i> (Fig. 11F). <i>Abdomen</i>: 1.05 long, 0.80 wide; booklung covers ovoid, surface smooth (Fig. 11B); dorsal scutum not fused to epigastric scutum; apodemes present; posterior spiracles connected by groove (Fig. 11C). <i>Palp</i> (Figs 12, 14J-L): orange; 0.72 long (0.17, 0.11, 0.11, 0.33); femur elongated (width/length = 0.53) (Fig. 12A, B); bulb oval, tapering apically; embolus system (Fig. 12E, 12F, 12H) with an anterior branch (ab), a dorsal branch (db), a ventral branch (vb), and a median lobe (ml) in prolateral view.</p> <p> <b>Female.</b> Unknown.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p> The species epithet is a noun in apposition composed of the Latin words <i>tri</i> (three) and <i>seta</i> and refers to the three black, thick setae on the male’s endites.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Known only from the type locality.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p> There are two species reported from a single female specimen in this study, and one described from a single male: <i>T. loebli</i> Grismado & Piacentini, 2014, <i>T. zhigangi</i> Tong & Li, sp. nov., and <i>T. triseta</i> Tong & Li, sp. nov., respectively. The following characters indicate that neither of the two females are conspecific with <i>T. triseta</i> Tong & Li, sp. nov. <i>T. loebli</i> is dark brown (Fig. 10A) with a reticulated carapace (Fig. 10D), and <i>T. zhigangi</i> has small eyes (Fig. 13A) and lacks the triangular, pointed, median projection of the clypeus (Fig. 13H). The male, <i>T. triseta</i> Tong & Li, sp. nov. has a reddish-brown body, a smooth carapace, normal-sized eyes, and a triangular, pointed, median projection (Fig. 11A, D, I).</p>Published as part of <i>Tong, Yanfeng, Li, Shuqiang & Bian, Dongju, 2020, Taxonomic studies on the genus Trilacuna (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Myanmar, pp. 39-62 in ZooKeys 960</i> on page 39, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.960.5405
Belisana maogan Tong & Li, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textBelisana maogan sp. nov. Figs 7 –9, 35– 41 Type material: Holotype male, 3 males and 8 females paratypes, CHINA: Hainan Province, Baoting County, Maogan Town, Xian´anshilin (18 ° 35.977´N, 109 ° 25.440´E), 13 April 2005, Y. Song, X. Han, Y. Tong and G. Deng leg. Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition, taken from the type locality. Diagnosis: The new species is similar to B. aninaj Huber, 2005 in the shapes of male proximal cheliceral apophyses, but can be distinguished by the shapes of procursus and the bulbal apophyses. Description: Male (holotype). Total length 1.56 (1.72 with clypeus), carapace width 0.71. Leg 1: 10.04 (2.56 + 0.25 + 2.59 + 3.56 + 1.08), tibia 2: 1.87, tibia 3: 1.09, tibia 4: 1.71; tibia 1 L/d: 32. Habitus as in figs 7 and 8. Carapace yellow, with brown marks on posterior half; sternum yellowish; legs yellow, without darker rings; opisthosoma pale white, with some spots, distinct in lateral view. Ocular area not elevated, thoracic furrow absent; distance PME-PME 0.1; diameter PME 0.06; distance PME-ALE 0.01; AME absent. Clypeus unmodified. Sternum slightly wider than long (0.51 / 0.46). Chelicerae as in figs 38 and 39, with pair of frontal curved apophyses, tips 0.11 apart; with pair of upward-directed proximal apophyses. Palps as in figs 35, 36 and 37; trochanter with short retrolateral apophysis, femur with indistinct hump proximo-dorsally, procursus complicated distally, with ventral membranous flap, bulb with hooked apophysis and complicated embolus. Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 25 %; legs without spines, vertical hairs, and curved hairs; tarsus 1 with about 15 indistinct pseudosegments distally. Variation. Tibia 1 in other males (n = 3): 2.56, 2.59, 2.78. Distance between tips of distal cheliceral apophyses in other males: 0.09, 0.1, 0.11. Females (paratypes). In general similar to male. Tibia 1 (n = 8): 2.12–2.47 (mean: 2.31). Epigynum simple and flat externally, with distinctive internal dark structures visible through cuticle (Figs 9, 40), pockets 0.04 apart. Dorsal view as in fig. 41.Published as part of Tong, Yanfeng & Li, Shuqiang, 2009, Six new cave-dwelling pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Hainan Island, with two newly recorded genera from China, pp. 17-32 in Zootaxa 1988 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18547
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