163 research outputs found
Der Kreditwucher in Italien: Eine ökonomische Analyse der rechtlichen Handhabung
No full textDie Diskussion über den Kreditwucher und dessen Zu- oder Unzulässigkeit beschäftigt seit Jahrhunderten Philosophen, Theologen, Moralisten und sogar Dichter. Die rechtliche Handhabung stellte für die Gesetzgeber aller Zeiten eine Herausforderung dar. Neu und äußerst Besorgnis erregend dabei sind jedoch die in Italien beobachteten, zunehmenden Verflechtungen zwischen Kreditwucher und organisiertem Verbrechen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, ausgehend von der in erster Linie wirtschaftlichen Natur des Kreditwucherdelikts, die Zweckmäßigkeit der Maßnahmen, die das italienische Reformgesetz von 1996 auf dem Gebiet der Wucherbekämpfung eingeführt hat. Dabei werden Anregungen für eine sich mehr an den Prinzipien der Wirtschaftsanalyse anlehnende Behandlung des Phänomens hervorgehoben.The discussion about credit usury as well as its admissibility respectively inadmissibility has concerned philosophers, theologians, moralists, and even poets for centuries. However, legal action against usury has challanged legislations at all times. New and, therefore, extremely alarming are the increasingly observed connections between credit usury and organized crime in Italy. By focusing on the economic relevance of the delict of usury, this paper analyses the expedience of measures introduced by the 1996 Italian Reform Act as part of the abatement of usury. The author emphasizes suggestions for approaching the phenomenon by applying the principles of economic analysis
Der Euro als temporär erfolgreiches Abkopplungsmanöver und warum es etwas länger gewährt hat, jetzt aber trotzdem vorbei ist: Eine ordnungstheoretische Betrachtung
No full textDies ist die Abtrittsvorlesung des Autors nach dreißigjähriger (1992-2022) Tätigkeit als Professor für Volkswirtschaftslehre an der TU Bergakademie Freiberg. Er will am Beispiel der Europäischen Währungsunion die wirtschafts- und politiktheoretische Fruchtbarkeit der aus seiner Sicht wichtigsten Theoriebemühung dieser 30 Jahre aufzeigen. Dies ist die Erneuerung und Modernisierung der traditionellen volkswirtschaftlichen Ordnungstheorie durch Anleihen bei der luhmannschen Gesellschaftstheorie. Ein zentrales Bauelement dieser Theorie ist der Begriff der strukturellen Kopplung zwischen zwei Systemen. Der Wechselkurs verkoppelt das Wirtschafts- und das Politiksystem strukturell. Die Währungsunion hat diese Kopplung durch den Versuch, sich selbst irreversibel zu machen, lahmgelegt und bezahlt dafür mit Orientierungslosigkeit sowohl im Wirtschafts- als auch im Politiksystem. Das für ihre Selbstreproduktion erforderliche Mindestmaß an Anpassung an ihre Umwelt ist nicht mehr gewährleistet. Die Kritik am Euro findet auf diese Weise eine neue theoretische Synthese.This is the farewell lecture which the author gave after having served a thirty years term (1992 - 2022) as professor of economics at the TU Bergakademie Freiberg. It seeks to demonstrate the fecundity of a theoretical innovation which in the mind of the autor is his most significant contribution to economic theory. He reformed traditional economic system theory by adopting the theory of society which was proposed by the German sociologist Niklas Luhmann in the 1990s. A key building block of his theory is the concept of structural couplings. The exchange rate is such a coupling. It establishes a connection between the economic and the political system. The European currency union abandoned this coupling without offering a sufficient substitute or a workable possibility of reactivation. This was part of an attempt to make the union irreversible. It has caused disorientation inside the economic and the political system. This has weakened and endangered their ability to reproduce themselves. In other words: It deepened the maladaption of these systems to their respective environment. This approach offers a new synthesis for the warnings of currency unions which economists have issued
Getting efficient as a means to create change: How the Community Impact Framework by Heritage United Way creates efficiencies in local organizations
No full textSocial service organizations are critical players and partners in community dynamics. However, until recently their effect on the community was mostly assumed. In an effort to determine how social service organizations impact the community, United Ways have begun implementing an outcomes-measurement framework and using it to determine funding. Known as Community Impact, this methodology includes a logic model design that intends for partner agencies to clearly identify outcomes their programs intend to affect in the greater community. While this paradigm shift is affecting system wide community structures, what has not been clear to this point is the effect community impact – and more specifically, the outcomes measurement training – has had on local agencies and their organizational structure and behavior. This study examined the partner agencies of Heritage United Way. A survey was conducted to determine the highest adopters of Community Impact and then an organizational assessment was done on eight of the highest adopters, as well as two local municipal government departments that also adopted Community Impact – to determine if any efficiencies had been gained since adopting the paradigm. Results determined that small agencies tended to adopt Community Impact more readily than other agency typologies. Additionally, organizational assessment results demonstrate that large agencies regardless of affiliation perceived the highest rate of efficiency in sustainability while small agencies perceived efficiency in mission, vision, values; small nationally affiliated agencies perceived efficiency in structure; and small government departments perceived efficiency in partnerships. The organizational survey instrument adapted and implemented for this study could prove to be a useful tool for future analysis of organizations and the efficiencies experienced when adopting new frameworks. (Author Abstract)Nemon, M. L. (2010). Getting efficient as a means to create change: How the Community Impact framework by Heritage United Way creates efficiencies in local organizations. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)School of Community Economic Developmen
Gemeinsame Nutzung von Radarinterferometrie und Geostatistik zur räumlichen Analyse von Bergsenkungen
No full textThe development of modern mostly satellite-based monitoring methods in the last two decades, especially of the SAR interferometry allows, particularly in built-up urban areas, a spatially dense collection of movements in relative short time intervals. Due to the almost extensive existence of measurement results, in contrast to the line-like levelling, one has the opportunity of spatial statistical analysis. Within the framework of a diploma thesis at the TU Bergakademie Freiberg, the applicability of geostatistical methods for analyzing radar interferometric height change data was investigated. In the spatial analysis of the measured values especially the high local variability in the data stood out and a direct relationship between the spatial structure in the measurements and the ongoing mining could be detected.Geoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Integrated geometallurgical modelling of heavy mineral sands accounting for profitability, extractability and processability under uncertainty
No full textThe development of a mineral resource is inherently connected with a substantial amount of risk due to the large financial investment required at the time that the geological knowledge is rather limited and the comprehension of the so-called “modifying factors” is incomplete. Ongoing research has shown that a great deal of the risk can be mitigated by considering a probabilistic resource model instead of a single determinist one. Unfortunately, too often probabilistic resource models are only restricted to the characterization of uncertainty in metal grades. This paper presents a coherent framework with geostatistical modeling techniques to assess the geological uncertainty and spatial variability of all the factors impacting a heavy mineral sands operation. The framework integrates profitability through grade characterization with extractability and processability through the modeling of slime content (fine clay particles), oversize (fraction greater than 2 mm) and in-situ density. Since the spatial distribution of these properties is governed by the geological facies, it is necessary to first address the problem of identifying of identifying the geological domains. The challenge lies in the simulation of the transitional behaviour of especially the slime content and oversize, but also grade content, across soft boundaries. A new simulation methodology was developed to accommodate these boundary effects. Moreover, the methodology is especially designed to facilitate the updating of the resource model later on when production data becomes available. The integrated effort results in a comprehensive characterization of resource uncertainty. Eventually this approach will result in the only “real” risk-robust design option and operational strategy.Geoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
ANALIZANDO LA APLICACIÓN DEL CURSO DE CONDUCTA DE PATRULLA URBANA A LAS TROPAS DE PATRULLA TÁCTICA EN EL ESTADO DE PARANÁ EN 2023
No full textA conduta de patrulha é uma prática essencial para o patrulhamento tático motorizado (PATAMO), sendo amplamente utilizada pela Polícia Militar do Paraná (PMPR) por meio do Batalhão de Polícia de Rondas Ostensivas de Natureza Especial (BPRONE). Este estudo analisa os Cursos de Capacitação em Conduta de Patrulha de Alto Risco (CCPAR), realizados em 2023, e destaca sua importância para padronizar técnicas e aprimorar a eficiência operacional das tropas. Apesar dos avanços, foram identificados desafios críticos, como a falta de armamento portátil moderno, incluindo carabinas e fuzis, essenciais para operações de alto risco. A carabina Imbel IA-2 apresentou limitações técnicas, especialmente em combates aproximados e em deslocamentos restritos. Adicionalmente, a ausência da doutrina de Atirador Designado Policial (ADP) comprometeu a eficácia das patrulhas, ao limitar o suporte tático em cenários de alto risco. Foram também observadas deficiências em técnicas básicas, como controle de cano e recargas, além da insuficiência de preparo físico dos policiais. A experiência prática do autor como instrutor evidencia a necessidade de investimentos contínuos em equipamentos modernos, padronização de doutrinas operacionais e treinamentos regulares, tanto técnicos quanto físicos. Recomenda-se a ampliação da carga horária do CCPAR e a inclusão de disciplinas como Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar de Combate (APHC) e Combate Aproximado. Conclui-se que a modernização estrutural e o fortalecimento das práticas operacionais são essenciais para aumentar a capacidade de resposta das tropas de PATAMO, promovendo maior eficiência nas operações e contribuindo significativamente para a segurança pública no estado do Paraná.A conduta de patrulha é uma prática essencial para o patrulhamento tático motorizado (PATAMO), sendo amplamente utilizada pela Polícia Militar do Paraná (PMPR) por meio do Batalhão de Polícia de Rondas Ostensivas de Naturezas Especiais (BPRONE). Este estudo analisa os Cursos de Capacitação em Conduta de Patrulha de Alto Risco (CCPAR), realizados em 2023, e destaca sua importância para padronizar técnicas e aprimorar a eficiência operacional das tropas. Apesar dos avanços, foram identificados desafios críticos, como a falta de armamento portátil moderno, incluindo carabinas e fuzis, essenciais para operações de alto risco. A carabina Imbel IA-2 apresentou limitações técnicas, especialmente em combates aproximados e em deslocamentos restritos. Adicionalmente, a ausência da doutrina de Atirador Designado Policial (ADP) comprometeu a eficácia das patrulhas, ao limitar o suporte tático em cenários de alto risco. Foram também observadas deficiências em técnicas básicas, como controle de cano e recargas, além da insuficiência de preparo físico dos policiais. A experiência prática do autor como instrutor evidencia a necessidade de investimentos contínuos em equipamentos modernos, padronização de doutrinas operacionais e treinamentos regulares, tanto técnicos quanto físicos. Recomenda-se a ampliação da carga horária do CCPAR e a inclusão de disciplinas como Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar de Combate (APHC) e Combate Aproximado. Conclui-se que a modernização estrutural e o fortalecimento das práticas operacionais são essenciais para aumentar a capacidade de resposta das tropas de PATAMO, promovendo maior eficiência nas operações e contribuindo significativamente para a segurança pública no estado do Paraná.Patrol conduct is an essential practice for motorized tactical patrolling (PATAMO), widely used by the Military Police of Paraná (PMPR) through the Battalion of Police for Ostensive Rounds of Special Natures (BPRONE). This study analyzes the High-Risk Patrol Conduct Training Courses (CCPAR), conducted in 2023, and highlights their importance in standardizing techniques and improving the operational efficiency of the troops. Despite progress, critical challenges were identified, such as the lack of modern portable weaponry, including carbines and rifles, essential for high-risk operations. The Imbel IA-2 carbine presented technical limitations, especially in close-quarters combat and restricted movements. Additionally, the absence of the Designated Police Marksman (ADP) doctrine compromised the effectiveness of patrols by limiting tactical support in high-risk scenarios. Deficiencies were also observed in basic techniques, such as barrel control and reloading, as well as insufficient physical preparedness of officers. The author\u27s practical experience as an instructor highlights the need for continuous investment in modern equipment, standardization of operational doctrines, and regular training, both technical and physical. It is recommended to extend the CCPAR training hours and include subjects such as Combat Pre-Hospital Care (APHC) and Close Combat. It is concluded that structural modernization and the strengthening of operational practices are essential to enhance the response capacity of PATAMO troops, promoting greater efficiency in operations and significantly contributing to public safety in the state of Paraná.La conducta de patrulla es una práctica esencial para el patrullaje táctico motorizado (PATAMO), ampliamente utilizada por la Policía Militar de Paraná (PMPR) a través del Batallón de Policía de Rondas Ostensivas de Naturalezas Especiales (BPRONE). Este estudio analiza los Cursos de Capacitación en Conducta de Patrulla de Alto Riesgo (CCPAR), realizados en 2023, y destaca su importancia para estandarizar técnicas y mejorar la eficiencia operativa de las tropas. A pesar de los avances, se identificaron desafíos críticos, como la falta de armamento portátil moderno, incluyendo carabinas y fusiles, esenciales para operaciones de alto riesgo. La carabina Imbel IA-2 presentó limitaciones técnicas, especialmente en combates cercanos y en desplazamientos restringidos. Adicionalmente, la ausencia de la doctrina de Tirador Designado Policial (ADP) comprometió la efectividad de las patrullas al limitar el apoyo táctico en escenarios de alto riesgo. También se observaron deficiencias en técnicas básicas, como el control del cañón y la recarga, además de la insuficiencia en la preparación física de los agentes. La experiencia práctica del autor como instructor evidencia la necesidad de inversiones continuas en equipamiento moderno, estandarización de doctrinas operativas y entrenamientos regulares, tanto técnicos como físicos. Se recomienda ampliar la carga horaria del CCPAR e incluir materias como Atención Prehospitalaria de Combate (APHC) y Combate Cercano. Se concluye que la modernización estructural y el fortalecimiento de las prácticas operativas son esenciales para aumentar la capacidad de respuesta de las tropas de PATAMO, promoviendo una mayor eficiencia en las operaciones y contribuyendo significativamente
Real-time mineral resource models: Approaches for the integration of online production data
No full textThe flow of information along the mining value chain from exploration through resource modelling, reserve estimation, mine planning, operations management and beneficiation occurs typically in a discontinuous fashion over long time spans. Due to the uncertain nature of the knowledge about the deposit and its inherent spatial distribution of grades, actual production figures in terms of produced ore grades and quality but as well production efficiency often deviate from expectations. To react to deviations, reconciliation exercises are performed to adjust mineral resource models and mine planning assumptions, however, often with a timely lag of weeks, months or even years. With the development of modern Information and Communication Technology (ICT) over the last decade literally a flood of data and information about different aspects during the production process is available in a real-time manner. For example, sensor technology enables online characterization of geochemical, mineralogical and physical material characteristics on belt conveyors. The ability to exploit the value of this additional information and feed it back into resource models and planning assumptions will open up new opportunities to continuously control the decisions in a mining operation for an increased resource recovery and process efficiency. This change in paradigm from a discontinuous towards a near real-time reserve reconciliation and model updating calls for suitable modelling methodologies for real-time back propagation of newly available information into resource/reserve models. The contribution introduces a new Kalman-Filter based approach for real-time updating of mineral resource models utilizing online sensor data. The theoretical description of the method is provided first followed by a demonstrative case study that investigates the performance for different data configurations and parameters and illustrates the value added.Geoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
- …
