82 research outputs found
Brucellosis among patients with fever of Unknown origin in jimma university Hospital south western Ethiopia
No full textIsolation, and Identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Recovered from Chicken Meat at Addis Ababa Slaughterhouses
No full textHailehizeb Tegegne,1 Kassahun Filie,1 Tadele Tolosa,2 Motuma Debelo,2 Eyoel Ejigu2 1Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia; 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Hailehizeb Tegegne, Email [email protected]: It is a growing concern that pathogenic bacteria can be found in poultry meat, and an additional problem is the ongoing rise in food-derived bacteria’s resistance to antibiotics.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to March 2023. This study aimed to isolate, identify and analyze E. coli in poultry meat collected from slaughterhouses in Addis Ababa. A total of 499 samples were collected from fecal content, carcass, hand and knife swab samples by using purposive and systematic random sampling methods.Results: An overall 5.2% Escherichia coli (E. coli O157:H7) prevalence was found in this study. On average, antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that the sensitivities of (Escherichia coli) E. coli O157:H7 isolates from carcass swabs, fecal content, manuals, knife swabs and water samples were 62.3%, 52.5%, 53%, 60% and 60%, respectively.Discussion: However, few (Escherichia coli) E. coli O157:H7 isolates have developed multidrug resistance to some antibiotics, for an overall rate of 13.8%. Knowledge and attitude assessment of the slaughterhouse workers showed that 44.2% had no wash their hands at all and that 125.6% had washed their hands before slaughter commencement.Conclusion: The detection of (Escherichia coli) E. coli O157:H7 isolates from all sample types had a slight prevalence of serious public health concerns. It is important to monitor antibiotic use for both human and animal health in order to make sure that it is safe and effective.Keywords: Addis Ababa, antibiogram, chicken, Escherichia coli, slaughterhous
Isolation, antibiogram profile and associated risk factors of Salmonella from poultry in selected districts of Jimma zone, south western Ethiopia
No full textSalmonella is a significant pathogen affecting the poultry industry, leading to substantial
economic losses through decreased production and morbidity of flocks. It’s the primary
cause of food borne infections, particularly from animal-derived foods, with poultry being
a major source. While various studies have examined the prevalence of Salmonella in
poultry across different regions of Ethiopia, research specific to this study area has been
limited. To address this gap, a cross-sectional study was conducted between January and
September 2024 in three purposively selected districts of Jimma Zone: Dedo, Saka
Chekorsa and Kersa chosen for their road accessibility and proximity to Jimma University.
A total of 400 cloacal swab samples were collected and analyzed to isolate Salmonella
from poultry and its antimicrobial susceptibility. Descriptive analysis and logistic
regression were employed for data analysi
Evaluation of Honey Quality and BeekeepingSystem In Sellected District of Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia Region , Western Ethiopia
Get PDFHoney is one of the oldest sweetening foods, has medicinal, nutritional and economic importance.
The present work has the aim of evaluating honey quality and assessing knowledge, attitude and
practices (KAP) of beekeepers by using 24 honey samples and 125 selected beekeepers in Amuru
district of Oromia region, west Ethiopia. Of the total of 24 honey samples, of which 18 samples
were purposively taken from selected six kebeles from farm gates of beekeepers and 6 samples
from honey retailers. The main analyzed parameters were Moisture Content (MC), Hydroxymethylf
urfuran (HMF), pH, Free Acidity (FA), Ash, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Reducing Sugar,
Sucrose and Color. The analysis was done in Holeta Bee Research Center. A total of 125
respondents were interviewed and field observation was made used as tool of data collection. The
laboratory result and the survey were analyzed by SPSS version.23 by using GLM, and using
descriptive analysis method respectively. The overall mean ± SD of MC, HMF, pH, FA, ash, EC,
RS, Sucrose and Color of honey analyzed were; 20.43 ± 1.32 %, 16.39 ± 2.68 mg/kg, 3.92 ± 0.07,
36.67 ± 2.13 meq/kg, 0.25 ± 0.14, 0.68 ± 0.3 %, 73.08 ± 0.92 %, 1.80 ± 0.35 % and 103.75 ± 2.89
mm respectively. The value of moisture, HMF and FA of honey significantly (p < 0.05) influenced
by agro-ecologies and sources. pH and Color values of honey from the retailer was significantly
higher (p < 0.05) than the honey collected from beekeepers. There was no significant difference (p
> 0.05) revealed among hive types of all parameters analyzed. The moisture value of honey mainly
declared significantly correlated with free acidity with r = 0 .63**, (p < 0.01) and strong positive
correlation between HMF and EC with the highest r= 0.77 **, (P < .01) is observed. Beekeeping
mainly practiced by males 87.20%. The range of age of respondents were from 25 to 65 years old
mostly. 89.60% knew the health benefits of honey and practiced to treat many of the human and
animal diseases. Presence of honey bee flora, and bee colony considered to be an essential indicato
r for potentialities of the beekeeping of the area. However, pests and predators, indiscriminate agroc
hemicals and diseases,were the major identified beekeeping constraints. It can be concluded that
most results of honey quality analyzed on honey produced in the area is of good quality and can
meet the national and international standards. Beekeepers KAP study indicates honey has a public
health benefits which could be a great contribution for the development of modern
medicine. Therefore, strong efforts have to be made to promote this indigenous knowledge and
practices of beekeepers on honey health benefits and improve beekeeping system through extensio
Examining Heat Treatment Effects on Transformation of Iron Oxides and Crystallinity phase identification Dataset from Recovered Iron Hydroxide Electro-coagulated Sludge
No full textIron hydroxide Electro-coagulated sludge from the electrochemical processes of textile wastewater treatment plant have recovered and oxidative transformed iron oxides production with heat treatment were produced. Because hematite and magnetite iron oxides can be produce from iron hydroxide, electro-coagulated sludge as iron hydroxide rich sludge can be used iron oxides source for different application. Such as for catalyst, medical and commercial applications. Heat treatment of iron hydroxide with a certain temperature range will have an effect for magnetic nature iron oxides formation. Thus, EC sludge as iron hydroxide were used crystalliniry nature as well as phase identification. To this experiment, the author intends to use four critical temperature values as a base to examine the phase change by producing different iron oxides (α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4…). X-ray diffraction study using XRD machine as well as comparative examination with standard references, the international central diffraction data (ICDD) were investigated. The heat treatment from 300 oC to 800 oC have confirm us the iron oxide formation and at high temperature the patterns become more crystal formation
Investigation Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practice (Kap); And Burden Of Rabies In Gimbi And Nejo Districts Of West Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia
Get PDFRabies is a fatal viral zoonotic disease largely transmitted by bites of infected dogs, results in a
large economic and public health burden in rabies endemic areas. A cross-sectional and
retrospective study was conducted between November, 2018 to August, 2019 to investigate the
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP); and economic and public health burden of rabies in
Gimbi and Nejo districts. For KAP assessment, Peasant associations (PAs) were randomly
selected using a lottery method based on proportional allocations of PAs per districts, followed
by selection of households from each PAs using systematic random sampling. The KAP score
was done to rank the level of KAP of the people as good, moderate and poor based on proportion
of questions they answered. The strength of association between KAP scores and predictor
variables was determined using multinomial Odds ratio. To quantify the economic and health
burden of rabies, a one year data (2017-2018) were collected from both district‟s general
Hospitals. After identifying the registered victims from Hospitals, the victims were followed and
tracked for further information and the nest victims were identified using snowball method.
Economic loss estimation was based on costs related to PEP, dog vaccination and control and
surveillance and livestock death; whereas human health burden was estimated based on DALYs.
Of 150 households interviewed, all were heard of rabies previously. About 42.7% (95% CI: 0.35-
0.51), 40 %( 95% CI: 0.32-0.48) and 63.3% (95% CI: 0.56-0.71) had good knowledge, poor
attitude and poor practice about rabies, respectively. Respondents with primary levels of
education had 0.05 times less likely a good knowledge compared to tertiary levels (OR=0.053).
Males had 8.8 times more likely a moderate knowledge compared to females (OR=8.8), married
respondents had 0.41 times less likely a moderate knowledge than unmarried (OR=0.41) and
respondents with primary levels of education had 0.05 times less likely a moderate knowledge
than tertiatry levels (OR=0.05). The probability of having a good attitude was higher in
respondents having tertiary levels of education (OR= 36.9) and health professionals (OR=15.49).
Female had 0.2 times less likely a moderate attitude than males (OR=0.2) and Muslims had 17.2
more likely a moderate attitude than orthodox (OR=17.2) respondents. Having tertiary levels of
education (OR= 2.9) and being health professional (OR= 15.38) had a higher effect on having a
good practice compared to non-formal and farmers. From 63 bite victims interviewed, 71.5%
were from dog bites. Statistically significant variation was observed between residence area
(χ2
=4.2, P=0.041) and age (χ2
=8.511, P=0.037) of the victims on their rabies or rabies suspected
exposure. Of the 63 bite victims, three were died from rabies, resulting in 131.12 DALYs. The
estimated economic burden of rabies for a period of one year was 28,513.82 US$, which was a
big economic loss for these districts. Generally, rabies is familiar in Gimbi and Nejo districts
causing large economic and public health burden to the communities. Hence, further community
based health education is needed to raise accurate knowledge and to improve the peoples‟
attitude and practice toward rabies. Moreover, regular dog vaccination and other appropriate
preventive measures are better to be implemented to reduce the public health and economic
burden from rabie
Cholera outbreak in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study.
No full textBACKGROUND:Cholera remains a significant public health problem in more than one-third of the countries of the world. Cholera outbreak has become more common in Addis Ababa particularly in the rainy seasons; however, there is a paucity of data on risk factors associated with cholera outbreaks rendering interventions difficult. We investigated the outbreak to identify its etiology, source, risk factors and in order to control the outbreak. METHODS:We compared cases with health center-based unmatched controls (1:2). Cases were patients aged ≥5 years with acute watery diarrhea, with or without vomiting while controls were persons aged ≥5 years without history of acute watery diarrhea. We interviewed our study participants using structured questionnaire to collect demographic and cholera risk factors data. We described the outbreak over time, and then tested our hypotheses using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS:The outbreak began on 7 September, 2017 reaching its peak on 23 September, 2017 and ended on 01 October, 2017. We identified a total of 25 cases (Median age: 38 years; IQR: 20 years) and recruited 50 controls (Median age: 35 years; IQR: 29 years). All case-patients had acute watery diarrhea and dehydration requiring intravenous fluids. All cases were admitted to cholera treatment center but there were no deaths. Stool and water samples yielded isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 of serological subtype Ogawa. Consumption of contaminated holy water (AOR: 20.5, 95%CI: 3.50, 119.61) and raw vegetables (AOR: 15.3, 95%CI: 3, 81.51) were independent risk factors whereas washing hands with soap after visiting latrine (AOR: 0.04, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.25) was independent protective factor. CONCLUSION:Our findings demonstrated cholera foodborne transmission via consumption of raw vegetables, and its waterborne transmission via consumption of contaminated holy water. Washing hands with soap after visiting latrine was protective. We recommended cooking of vegetables and promoting hand washing
OVINE MASTITIS, ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF ISOLATES AROUND DEBRE BERHAN, NORTH CENTRAL HIGHLAND OF ETHIOPIA
No full textThis study was carried out between March 2016 and August 2016 to estimate prevalence of
mastitis, identify associated risk factors, to identify and isolate causative bacterial pathogens
and to assess their antibiotic sensitivity patterns in smallholder dairy farms at Basona
Warana district around Debre Berhan, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Purposive sampling was
followed to select the study area, Basona Warana district, based on its dairy potential and
infrastructure facilities. Simple random sampling technique was used to select dairy farms.
Accordingly, among 1500 smallholder dairy farms in the study area, 187 smallholder dairy
farms were selected based on the list of the farmers from the dairy cooperatives of the district.
A total of 187 herds were examined, of which 79.7% [95% CI: 73.9% - 87.4%] herds had
mastitis, in which 10.7% and69% had clinical and subclinical mastitis, respectively. A total of
403 lactating cross breed lactating cows were selected and examined by physical examination
of udder and milk and using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Out of the total examined cows
73.2% [95%CI: 68.2%-78.3%] had mastitis, of which 26% and 67.2% had clinical and
subclinical mastitis, respectively. Out of 1612 examined quarters, 47.6% [95%CI: 44-51.2]
quarters were mastitis positive, in which 21.7%, 47.6% and were clinical and subclinically
positive, respectively. From the total examined quarters 1.1 % quarters [95%CI: 0.6-1.7]
were blind teat. Association of bovine mastitis with different risk factors was checked using
logistic regression model. The multivariable analysis revealed that the odds of being infected
with mastitis were higher in cow with large parity number (OR=1.8) than cows with low
parity number. The multivariable analysis also showed the odds of acquiring mastitis was
higher in cows those washed every day (OR= 4.9) than cows washed with long gap and the
risk of the disease was higher in cows with >3 lactating cow per herd (OR= 1.8) than cows
with <3 lactating cow per herd. The predominant bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus spp
71.1% followed by Streptococcus spp 23% while E. coli 2.9% was the least isolates. The
antimicrobial sensitivity test result showed that most of the isolated bacteria were found to be
sensitive to Gentamicine, Kanamayacin, Streptomycin, Erythromycin and Penicillin G.
Nevertheless, the isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin. The present study shows subclinical
form of mastitis is highly prevalent in the study area. Stage of lactation, frequency of cow
washing and number of lactating cow per herd were risk for mastitis. Staphylococcus spp
were the most dominant isolates followed by streptococcus spp. Hence, attention should be
given at later lactation by using dry cow therapy, proper washing and drying of cows and
handling manageable size of herds and appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs could reduce
the high prevalence mastitis in the study area
Seroprevalenceof Bovine Brucellosis And Its Associated Risk Factorsand Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Cattle Owners Towards The Disease In Gambella And Itang Districts Of Gambella Region, Southwestern Ethiopia
No full textBrucellosis is economically important zoonotic bacterial disease caused by genus Brucella. A
cross-sectional study was conducted on cattle in Gambella and Itang districts Gambella
regional state between February 2019 and November 2019 to assess bovine brucellosis
seroprevalence, potential risk factors, knowledge-attitude and practice of cattle owners about
brucellosis. The study districts were selected purposively. However, peasant association, herd
and individual animals were selected randomly. A total of 400 blood samples were collected
from local breed cattle of above six months of age. The RBPT screened 19 Brucella
seropositive out of 400 (4.75%) (95%CI 1.04-8.05) and positive sera were further retested by
using CFT and the combined result (RBPT and CFT tests) 8 (2%) (95% CI: 0.75-3.2) sera
were confirmed seropositive. Out of 80 herds included in the study, 6(7.5%) (95% CI: 4.6-
17.2) were seropositive using CFT with at least one seropositive animal in the herd. The
overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 2% and 7.5% at animal and herd level respectively.
Moreover, information was gathered on individual animal and herd to assess risk factors
using a semi- structured questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The result of multivariable
logistic regression analysis showed that herd size (OR: 9.481, 95%CI: 1.09-
82.48,p=0.041),history of previous abortion (OR: 7.8, 95%CI: 5.75-12.38, P=0.003)and
history of retain fetal membrane (OR: 32.18: 95%CI: 3.78-27.38, P=0.001) were
foundassociated for Brucella seropositivity. The results of questionnaire survey revealed that
the majority(87.5%) of respondents do not have sufficient knowledge about brucellosis and
its risk factors, about 93.75% of the have the habit of consumption of raw milk and 81.25%
of respondents were assisting parturition without glovewhich put themat high risk of
acquiring the infection. Although the overall prevalence of bovine brucellosis was low in
study area, it could serve as source of infection to different herds as there were foci of
infection in herds and brucellosis is highly contagious disease. Hence, avoid raw milk
consumption, increasing awareness creation, deep burring of aborted fetuses and fetal
membrane measures should be implemented to reduce risk of infection and transmission of
the disease in livestock and human in the study area
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