101 research outputs found
Alteraciones de actividades enzimáticas relacionadas con sistemas neurotransmisores colimergico y glutamatergico en SNC de ratas tratadas crónicamente con neurolepticos
Get PDFTesis inédita de Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de CC. Químicas.ProQuestFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu
Enzymatic electronic transport systems in the cerebellum of the cat | Estudio de algunos sistemas de transporte electrónico enzimático en cerebelo de gato
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ENVEJECIMIENTO CEREBRAL NORMAL Y PATOLÓGICO: CONTINUUM FISIOPATOLÓGICO O DUALIDAD DE PROCESOS INVOLUTIVOS
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El hipotálamo: su complejidad morfológica y su capacidad para dirigir los sistemas reguladores del organismo
No full textEl hipotálamo: su complejidad morfológica y su capacidad para dirigir los sistemas reguladores del organismo
Animal models in Alzheimer's disease research: Their value for understanding the AD etiopathogeny and for establishing AD therapies | MODELOS ANIMALES PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER: APORTACIONES AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LA ETIOPATOGENIA Y LA TERAPEUTICA
No full textAlzheimer Disease (AD) is a very important medical, social and economical problem in developed countries. Current data on the spanish situation is not available, but we can consider that in a few years, more than 500.000 people will suffer this neurodegenerative process in our community. Around the world an increasing interest in basic and clinical research on this particular dementia has been produced. Although any animal can suffer spontaneously AD and any agent can induce this disorder, distinct experimental AD-models have been outlined for studying, in laboratories, selected ethipathogenic and therapeutic aspects on AD. The following models can be mentioned as the most important: i) normal senile animals; ii) animals with cerebral beta fibrillosis; and iii) animals with selective lesions in cortical regulatory neuronal systems. The most useful models would be the last ones, supported by the ethiopathogenic theories which are proposed to explain AD, mainly the 'cholinergic theory'. Stereotactic injections of neurotoxins (ibotenic, quisqualic and related acids) in the cholinergic centers of the basal forebrain (the septum, the diagonal band of Broca and the nucleus basalis magnocellularis, the rodent equivalent of the Meynert nucleus in man) that innervate specific parts of brain cortex have been useful in the study of the changes promoted by anatomical or functional deinnervation. High cortical cholinergic deficits in cholinergic enzymes and choline transport, small receptor deficits and impairment in learning and memory abilities are provoked in the long-term follow-up of these lesioned animals. In the AD-models several therapeutic approaches have been teste. The most promising could be: substitutive cholinomimetic approaches (drug or neuronal implants); NGF and nerve growth factor-like therapeutics; and nootropic treatments. Pyritinol, a nootropic with clinical success in the first phases of AD, has been tested in models obtained alter quisqualic nbm-lesioning. In a model in which a number of surviving neurons can be detected after lesioning, the drug promotes a quick recovery of the depressed cortical cholinergic parameters. This effect has not been observed in a strongly nbm-lesioned model. The necessity of an early diagnosis of AD is strongly stressed to obtain the highest benefit from the plastic-hyperactive abilities of the cholinergic neurons before they reach a non-responsive state in their neurodegenerative pathway.Peer Reviewe
Theories and new therapeutics to cure Alzheimer's disease | Nuevos conceptos y nuevos abordajes terapeuticos, fundamentos para combatir la enfermedad de Alzheimer
No full textRecent theories on Alzheimer's disease are opening new treatment lines, both pharmacological as non-pharmacological. The conviction has already been reached that, in this neurodegenerative illness, it is necessary to plan a global treatment, with all sorts of measures for the patient, including the caregivers, and in which doctors and other sanitary professionals, as well as other social and economic agents, must take part. The aims of these treatments must be considered for every step in the clinical development of each patient given them the highest possible degree of self-sufficiency. Between new drugs being introduced we must emphazise 'cholinergic drugs' (ranging from muscarinic agonists to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors), 'growth factors' (NGF, gangliosides, neurotrophins and glial factors), nootropics (similar in their action to the former), and 'ageing factor neutralizers' (regulators of intraneuronal calcium and neutralizers or scavengers of free radicals). The anticholinesterasic tacrin has shown many secondary effects, due to its hepatotoxicity, but it is hoped that soon, new generation, less toxic drugs will appear. There are some coadjuvant drugs which can be employed, and others useful in the control of psychotic and depressive symptoms. Even though we cannot yet talk of effective and attainable treatments at this moment, but we can hope that new drug administration routes and pharmacological approaches (brain injections, slow drug diffusion pumps, neuron and glial cell implants, and gene therapy) will, in a near future, be able to control the evolution of the illness.Peer Reviewe
Hypotheses concerning the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease
No full textTheories on the aetiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are revised. After discussing senile involution, the principal characteristic alterations of AD are presented. These pathological changes include involutive morphological phenomena (neurofibrillar tangles, senile neuritic plaques with varying = amyloid content) and functional phenomena (alterations in energy metabolism, in protein synthesis, and in the neurotransmitter metabolism). Currently it is assumed that the neurons most affected seem to be primarily those of the ascending cholinergic activating system, whose somas are situated in Meinert's basal nucleus. Serotoninergic, adrenergic and peptidergic brainstem neurons and serotoninergic neurons of the cerebral cortex are also affected. Secondary to these, the main pathological alterations, triggered by these dysfunctions, are observed in neurons of the neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala. These changes are responsible for the symptoms of AD. The aetiology of these changes may be genetic = (related to chromosome 21), toxic (aluminium) or infective (slow agents similar to those that cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, kuru and scrapie). Various aetiopathological theories emphasized on immunological or vascular phenomena, altered protein synthesis, etc. It seems to be important that certain neurons are affected in most of degenerative disease: the high-risk neurons. These neurons could be affected by toxic and environmental factors.Peer Reviewe
Mitochondrial fractions of cat's cerebellum. Cytochemical study on electron microscope | FRACTIONS MITOCHONDRIALES DU CERVELET DU CHAT. ETUDE CYTOCHIMIQUE AU MICROSCOPE ELECTRONIQUE
No full textA comparative study has been made, investigating both the enzymatic activities and the mitochondrial morphology, of mitochondrial fractions from cerebellum of rat. These results has been compared with those obtained from liver, and significant variations were found. In the mitochondrions from cerebellum, the E.M. cytochemical enzymatic activities were found of different intensity and localization.Peer Reviewe
A biochemical-histochemical comparative study of aspartate aminotransferase in the cat cerebellum.
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