140,454 research outputs found
Erratum to: Is Sensory Loss an Understudied Risk Factor for Frailty? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textIn the article “Is Sensory Loss an Understudied Risk Factor for Frailty? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,” an author was missing. Ana Maseda should be listed as the 11th author. The correct author list is: Benjamin Kye Jyn Tan, Ryan Eyn Kidd Man, Alfred Tau Liang Gan, Eva K Fenwick, Varshini Varadaraj, Bonnielin K Swenor, Preeti Gupta, Tien Yin Wong, Caterina Trevisan, Laura Lorenzo-López, Ana Maseda, José Carlos Millán-Calenti, Carla Helena Augustin Schwanke, Ann Liljas, Soham Al Snih, Yasuharu Tokuda, Ecosse Luc Lamoureux. This error has been corrected
Effect of magnesium ion distinguishing between one-step hydrogen-transfer and electron-transfer mechanisms for the reduction of stable neutral radicals by NADH analogues.
No full textAmetrodiplosis stellariae Elsayed, Yukawa & Tokuda 2021, n. sp.
No full textAmetrodiplosis stellariae Elsayed, Yukawa & Tokuda, n. sp. [Figures 8, 9 & 46–62] This species is morphologically similar to A. adetos except for the following characters: Adult. Head (Figs 46–51): Frons with 5–7 setae (n = 5). Internode of male flagellomeres bare, evanescing after flagellomere IX. Mouthparts: labrum with 5–6 short setae (n = 6); labellum with 6–9 strong setae (n = 6). Thorax. Wing (Figs 8, 9) 2.2–2.6 mm long in females (n = 4), 2.0– 2.1 mm long in males (n = 3). Acromere (Fig. 52): empodia nearly as long as claws. Scutellum laterally with 5–9 setae (n = 6). Anepimeron with 5–7 setae (n = 6); anepisternum with 2–4 scales (n = 6). Female abdomen (Figs 53, 54). Tergites I–VI with few lateral setae, few scattered scales on midlength and 1 row of posterior setae; tergite VII with few lateral setae and few scattered on 2 rows of posterior setae. Ovipositor: cerci, about twice longer than wide, with short setae on distal half. Male abdomen (Figs 55–57). Tergites without scales; tergite 7 with 1–2 setae placed posterolaterally. Terminalia: Basal portion of aedeagus extending anteriorly beyond baseline of gonocoxites. Pupa (Figs 58, 59). Antennal bases with pigmented, short, pointed protuberances. Prothoracic spiracle 26 μm long (n = 1), ca. 4.3 times longer than cephalic seta. Terga II–VIII with 3–4 horizontal rows of spine-like spicules on anteromedian third of segment. Larva. Third instar (Figs 60–62). Orange in life. Spatula with pointed lobes. Anus surrounded by median perineal pads covered with pointed and raised cuticular warts. Corniform terminal papillae similar in length; most anterior 2 corniform papillae thinner than others. Etymology. The species name, stellariae, is based on the host genus name. Holotype. 1♂ (ELKU): Reared by R. Sonobe and emerged on 5.viii.2019 from a leaf bud gall on Stellaria uliginosa collected by R. Sonobe in Ryuzu, Nikko, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan on 16.vii.2019. Paratypes. All collected and reared from leaf bud galls on Stellaria uliginosa in Japan; 2 third instar larvae: collected on 16.xi. 2014 in Yakumo village, Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture by T. Nodue. 2♂♂ 5♀♀: same as the holotype. 1 pupa: collected on 14.x.2016 by R. Sonobe at the type locality. 1 pupa & 4♂♂ 1♀: same as the holotype, but collected on 9–15.xi.2016. Distribution. Japan, Honshu: Tochigi, Shiga, Nara, Hiroshima, and Shimane Prefectures. Life history and biological notes. Ametrodiplosis stellariae induces leaf bud galls on Stellaria uliginosa (Fig. 3). Usually one, sometimes two or more larvae develop in each gall. Larva usually pupates in the gall but occasionally in the soil. The number of annual generations has not been clarified. A similar sort of leaf bud gall was found on two congeneric plant species, Stellaria sessiliflora Y. Yabe, in Nara and Tokushima Prefectures, and Stellaria uchiyamana Makino var. apetala (Kitam.) Ohwi in Nara Prefecture. In addition, Cerastium fontanum Baumg. (Caryophyllaceae) also bears similar leaf bud galls in Hokkaido. The host range of A. stellariae requires further study. Remarks. One European species of Ametrodiplosis is presently known from Stellaria L., namely A. duclosii (Tavares) that induces leaf bud galls on S. graminea L. in France and Germany (Tavares 1930; Stelter 1961; Gagné & Jaschhof 2017). Ametrodiplosis stellariae is distinct from A. duclosii as follows: the gonocoxite of A. stellariae are much narrower, its mediobasal lobe are closer to the gonocoxal bases but closer to the distal parts of gonocoxites in A. duclosii (Stelter 1961), and the anterior lobes of the larval spatula are more pointed in A. stellariae (Tavares 1930). Ametrodiplosis stellariae is most similar to A. mamajevi and A. adetos with which they share the curved R 5 distally, narrow gonocoxites and mediobasal lobes placed on the basal half of gonocoxites (Kovalev 1972). Ametrodiplosis stellariae can be distinguished from A. adetos by the less pronounced mediobasal lobe, the basal portion of aedeagus that exceeds anteriorly beyond the base line of gonocoxite, the short-pointed protuberance on pupal antennal bases, the narrow anterior lobes of larval spatula and the more elongate corniform terminal papillae in third instars. Ametrodiplosis stellariae differs from A. mamajevi as follows: the male hypoproct is deeply notched in A. stellariae , but shallowly notched in A. mamajevi; male cerci are truncate in A. stellariae, but lobes of cerci trapezoid in A. mamajevi; male flagellomere XII ends with narrow apical prolongation in A. stellariae but without such prolongation in A. mamajevi.Published as part of Elsayed, Ayman Khamis, Yukawa, Junichi, Mochizuki, Ko, Tokuda, Makoto & Kawakita, Atsushi, 2021, Three new species of Ametrodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Japan, with a key to the Japanese species and a molecular phylogenetic analysis, pp. 151-172 in Zootaxa 4942 (2) on pages 165-166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/460039
ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS SUPPORTED BY MACRO AND MICROELECTRODE ARRAY
No full textThe purpose of this project was to investigate cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analytical techniques for enantioselective sensing at both a macroelectrode and a microelectrode array. The scale of the electrochemical cell was reduced from macro to micro dimensions to improve both the electroanalytical detection and the efficient use of chemicals. A microdevice was fabricated using photolithography and plasma bonding and consisting of a microelectrode array (MEA) of 306 microelectrodes, each with a diameter of 45 µm supported by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slab engraved with microfluidic channels. The electroanalytical performances of the microdevice were characterised using cyclic voltammetry and it was established that the metallisation process influenced the surface roughness of the electrode, and also affected the final response of the array. The microdevice was used for flow injection analysis using chronoamperometry and provided the capability to detect small changes of analyte concentration. The selective electro-oxidation of phenylethanol catalysed by TEMPO and (-)-sparteine at a macroelectrode and MEA was investigated. The CV analysis showed a reproducible selective oxidation in favour of the (-)-phenylethanol enantiomer. The performances of the electrodes were enhanced to improve their enantioselective capability, and to extend their application to biosensors by functionalising their surface with Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAM). The electrodes were modified with glutathione and cysteine chiral molecules to investigate their ability to recognise the proline enantiomers using EIS analysis. The electron transfer rate of the ferricyanide analyte at the cysteine monolayer was less in the presence of D proline than it was in the presence of L-proline, indicating the selective penetration of the enantiomer through the monolayer. The properties of the macroelectrode and MEA were extended to biological applications by modifying their surfaces with thiolated single stranded DNA
Speech Synthesis Based on Hidden Markov Models
No full textThis paper gives a general overview of hidden Markov model (HMM)-based speech synthesis, which has recently been demonstrated to be very effective in synthesizing speech. The main advantage of this approach is its flexibility in changing speaker identities, emotions, and speaking styles. This paper also discusses the relation between the HMM-based approach and the more conventional unit-selection approach that has dominated over the last decades. Finally, advanced techniques for future developments are described
A Unified and Automatic Approach Of Mandarin HTS System
No full textMost studies on Mandarin HTS (HMM-based text-to-speech
system) have taken the initial/final as the basic acoustic units. It is,
however, challenging to develop a multilingual HTS in a
uniformed and consistent way since most of other languages use
the phoneme as the basic phonetic unit. It becomes hard to apply
cross-lingual adaptation which need map phonemes from each
other, particularly in the case of unified ASR and HTS system due
to the phoneme nature of most of the ASR systems. In this paper,
we propose a phoneme based Mandarin HTS system, which has
been systematically evaluated by comparing it with the initial/final
system. The experimental results show that the use of phoneme as
the acoustic unit for Mandarin HTS is a promising unified
approach, thus enabling better and more uniform development with
other languages while significantly reducing the number of
acoustic units. The flat-start training scheme is also evaluated to
show that the phoneme segmentation problem is solved without
any performance degradation for phoneme based Mandarin HTS
system. This performs an automatic approach without dependency
with particular ASR system
Strain-driven self-rolling of hybrid organic-inorganic microrolls: interfaces with self-assembled
No full textStrain driven micro and nanoroll fabrication is generally restricted to multilayer and multiprocessing systems, limiting the ability to exploit self-organization at different length scales. We have designed a hybrid organic-inorganic single-layered film with a surface that responds selectively to external stimuli, resulting in mechanical strain and self-rolling in one-step fabrication. The scrolling is initiated by water and any aqueous solution of molecules or colloidal particles. During scrolling, the different species in solution remain entrapped in the rolls; the constrained environment at the interface of the roll walls pushes the particles to organize into ordered structures. We used this rolling process to create self-assembled hybrid films with well-ordered layers of gold nanoparticles and opals of polystyrene nanospheres. These films also respond selectively to solvents, allowing the easy release of molecules/particles entrapped at the interface. NPG Asia Materials (2012) 4, e22; doi: 10.1038/am.2012.40; published online 20 July 2012 RI Tokudome, Yasuaki/B-2895-2012; Takahashi, Masahide/C-3326-200
FIGURES 26–28 in Two new species of Schizomyia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Japan, with an updated key to larval, pupal and adult Schizomyia in Japan
No full textFIGURES 26–28. Larva of Schizomyia uechiae n. sp. 26. Ventral view of prothoracic segment. 27. Terminal larval segments dorsally. 28. Ventral view of abdominal segment VIII and anus. Scale bars = 50 µm.Published as part of Elsayed, Ayman Khamis, Yukawa, Junichi & Tokuda, Makoto, 2019, Two new species of Schizomyia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Japan, with an updated key to larval, pupal and adult Schizomyia in Japan, pp. 348-360 in Zootaxa 4688 (3) on page 357, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4688.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/351678
Spatially-localized time dependent solutions including turbulence and their interactions in 2D Kolmogorov flow
No full textIn 2D Kolmogorov flow in small aspect ratio domains, spatially-localized solutions such as kink, traveling or time-dependent kink-antikink pars coexist. However, the conservation of the flow rate in the y direction strongly restrict combination of localized solutions and their positioning. We find that by adding a homogeneous flow U y their positioning is controlled and each of localized solutions including a spatially-localized chaos is isolated. Numerical results suggest that these isolated solutions can be elements constructing a whole flow
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