54,945 research outputs found
Evaluating the removal of pigs from a group and subsequent floor space allowance on the growth performance of heavy-weight finishing pigs
No full textCitation: Flohr, J. R., Tokach, M. D., DeRouchey, J. M., Woodworth, J. C., Goodband, R. D., & Dritz, S. S. (2016). Evaluating the removal of pigs from a group and subsequent floor space allowance on the growth performance of heavy-weight finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 94(10), 4388-4400. doi:10.2527/jas2016-0407A total of 1,092 finishing pigs (initially 36.3 kg) were used in a 117-d study to evaluate the impact of initial floor space allowance and removal strategy on the growth of pigs up to 140 kg BW. There were 4 experimental treatments with 14 pens per treatment. The first treatment provided 0.91 m(2) per pig (15 pigs/pen). The other 3 treatments initially provided 0.65 m(2) per pig (21 pigs/pen) with 3 different removal strategies. The second treatment (2:2:2) removed the 2 heaviest pigs from pens on d 64, 76, and 95 when floor space allowance was predicted to be limiting. Treatment 3 (2:4) removed the 2 heaviest pigs on d 76 and the 4 heaviest pigs on d 105. Treatment 4 (6) removed the heaviest 6 pigs on d 105. All pigs remaining in pens after removals were fed to d 117. Overall (d 0 to 117), pigs initially provided 0.91 m(2) of floor space had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared to pigs in pens on the 2: 4 or 6 removal strategy, but ADG was not different compared with pigs on the 2:2:2 removal strategy. Total BW gain per pen was greater (P < 0.05) for pens initially stocked at 0.65 m(2) compared to pens initially stocked at 0.91 m(2). Feed usage per pen was less (P < 0.05) for pens initially stocked at 0.91 m(2) compared to pens initially providing 0.65 m(2) of floor space and on removal strategies; however, feed usage per pig was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs initially stocked at 0.91 m(2) compared to pigs initially stocked at 0.65 m(2) and on removal strategies. Feed usage, on a pig or pen basis, was less (P < 0.05) for pigs on the 2: 2: 2 removal strategy compared to pigs on the 2:4 or the 6 removal strategy. Income over feed and facility cost (IOFFC) was less (P < 0.05) for pigs initially provided 0.91 m(2) compared to pigs initially provided 0.65 m(2) and on removal strategies. Also, IOFFC was less (P < 0.05) for pigs on the 2:2:2 compared to the 2:4 and 6 removal strategies. In conclusion, increasing the floor space allowance or the time points at which pigs are removed from the pen improved the growth of pigs remaining in the pen; however, IOFFC may be reduced because fewer pigs are marketed from each pen (pigs stocked at 0.91 m(2) throughout the study) or from reducing total weight produced (2:2:2 removal strategy)
Evaluating the impact of maternal vitamin D supplementation: I. Sow performance, serum vitamin metabolites, and neonatal muscle characteristics
No full textCitation: Flohr, J. R., Woodworth, J. C., Bergstrom, J. R., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., Goodband, R. D., & DeRouchey, J. M. (2016). Evaluating the impact of maternal vitamin D supplementation: I. Sow performance, serum vitamin metabolites, and neonatal muscle characteristics. Journal of Animal Science, 94(11), 4629-4642. doi:10.2527/jas2016-0409In Exp. 1, 56 gestating sows (PIC 1050; 35 d postinsemination) were used in a 30-d trial to determine serum 25(OH)D-3 response to increasing concentrations of dietary vitamin D3. Sows were randomly allotted to 1 of 7 dietary D3 treatments (200, 800, 1,600, 3,200, 6,400, 12,800, or 25,600 IU of added D3 per kilogram of complete diet) with 8 sows per treatment. Increasing D-3 increased (quadratic; P < 0.001) serum 25(OH)D-3 with the response depicted by the prediction equation: serum 25(OH) D3, ng/mL = 35.1746 + (0.002353 x dietary D-3, IU/d)- (0.0000000156 x dietary D3, IU/d(2)). In Exp. 2, 112 sows and their litters were used to determine the effects of dietary vitamin D regimen on sow performance, subsequent preweaning pig performance, neonatal bone and muscle characteristics, and serum vitamin metabolites. Sows were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments 3 to 5 d following breeding: 800, 2,000, or 9,600 IU of D-3 per kilogram of the diet or 50 mu g of 25(OH) D-3 (2,000 IU of D-3 equivalent from Hy- D, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) per kilogram of diet. There were 25 to 27 sows per treatment. Increasing dietary D-3 increased (linear, P = 0.001) serum 25(OH) D-3 of sows on d 100 of gestation, at farrowing, and at weaning. Increasing D-3 in sow diets increased piglet serum 25(OH)D-3 at birth (linear, P = 0.001) and weaning (quadratic, P = 0.033). Sows fed 50 mu g of 25(OH)D-3/kg had intermediate (P < 0.004) serum 25(OH)D-3 concentrations on d 100 of gestation, at farrowing, and at weaning compared with sows fed 2,000 IU of D-3/kg and sows fed 9,600 IU of D3/kg. Pigs from sows fed 50 mu g of 25(OH) D3/ kg had greater serum 25(OH)D-3 compared with pigs from sows fed 2,000 IU of D-3/kg, but at weaning, serum 25(OH)D-3 concentrations were similar. Also, pigs from sows fed 9,600 IU of D-3/kg had greater (P = 0.011) serum 25(OH) D3 at birth and weaning compared with pigs from sows fed 50 mu g of 25(OH) D-3/kg. Maternal performance, litter characteristics, neonatal bone ash content, and neonatal muscle fiber characteristics were largely unaffected by the dietary vitamin D treatments. Overall, D3 and 25(OH) D3 are both useful at increasing serum 25(OH)D-3 concentrations, but more D3 (on an equivalent IU basis) is needed to achieve similar serum 25(OH)D-3 responses compared with feeding 25(OH)D-3. Concentration of maternal vitamin D supplementation in lactation impacted milk transfer of the vitamin more so than the form of the vitamin, as evidence by the weaned pig serum 25(OH)D-3 concentrations
Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles and added fat fed immediately before slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs
No full textCitation: Coble, K. F., DeRouchey, J. M., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., Goodband, R. D., & Woodworth, J. C. (2017). Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles and added fat fed immediately before slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 95(1), 270-278. doi:10.2527/jas2016.0679The addition of dietary fat has been shown to increase HCW and carcass yield in pigs fed low-fiber corn-soy diets; however, data on added fat in high-fiber, low-energy diets is less available. Therefore, the potential for dietary fat to ameliorate the negative effect high-fiber diets have on carcass yield during the last 3 wk before slaughter is of high importance. This experiment was conducted to determine the interactive effects of 30% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 5% added fat fed before slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 1,258 pigs in 2 groups (initially 105.8 +/- 0.1 kg BW; group 1 PIC 337 x 1,050; group 2 PIC 327 x 1,050) were used in a 20-d experiment. All pigs were fed a common diet with 30% DDGS until 20 d before slaughter. Then, all pens were weighed and allotted to treatments with 20 replicate pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial with 2 diet types (corn-soybean meal-based with or without 30% DDGS) and added fat (0 or 5%; group 1 = tallow; group 2 = choice white grease). Diets were formulated to a constant standardized ileal digestible Lys: NE ratio. There were no treatment x group interactions for any response criteria. Thus, data for the 2 groups were combined for analysis. Overall, there was a tendency for a diet type x added fat interaction for ADG (P = 0.054), whereas this was significant for G: F (P = 0.008). This was a result of 5% added fat increasing ADG and G: F to a greater magnitude for pigs fed the diet containing 30% DDGS (8.6 and 10.4%, respectively) than for pigs fed the corn-soy diet (2.0 and 2.9%, respectively). Although diet type did not affect final live BW, pigs fed the diet containing DDGS had decreased HCW and carcass yield (P < 0.05). Adding 5% fat did not affect carcass yield. In conclusion, adding 5% fat to finishing pig diets containing 30% DDGS approximately 20 d before slaughter improved ADG and G: F but did not overcome the reduction in carcass yield from feeding DDGS
Evaluating the impact of maternal vitamin D supplementation on sow performance: II. Subsequent growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing pigs
No full textCitation: Flohr, J. R., Woodworth, J. C., Bergstrom, J. R., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., Goodband, R. D., & DeRouchey, J. M. (2016). Evaluating the impact of maternal vitamin D supplementation on sow performance: II. Subsequent growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 94(11), 4643-4653. doi:10.2527/jas2016-0410A of subsample of 448 growing pigs (PIC 327 x 1050) weaned from 52 sows fed varying dietary vitamin D regimens were used in a split-plot design to determine the effects of maternal and nursery dietary vitamin D on growth performance. Sows were previously administered diets containing vitamin D as vitamin D-3 (800, 2,000, or 9,600 IU/kg) or as 25(OH) D3 (50 mu g [or 2,000 IU vitamin D equivalent]/kg from HyD; DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ). Once weaned, pigs were allotted to pens on the basis of previous maternal vitamin D treatment, and then pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 nursery vitamin D dietary regimens (2,000 IU of vitamin D-3/ kg or 50 mu g 25(OH) D-3/kg). Pigs remained on nursery vitamin D treatments for 35 d, and then they were provided common finishing diets until market (135 kg). Growing pig serum 25(OH)D-3 suggested that maternal dietary vitamin D influenced (P < 0.001 at weaning) serum concentrations early after weaning, but nursery vitamin D regimen had a larger impact (P < 0.001) on d 17 and 35 postweaning. Overall growth performance was not influenced by nursery vitamin D dietary treatments. From d 0 to 35 in the nursery, pigs from sows fed increasing vitamin D3 had increased (quadratic, P < 0.003) ADG and ADFI, but G:F was similar regardless of maternal vitamin D regimen. Also, pigs from sows fed 50 mu g/kg of 25(OH) D-3 had increased (P = 0.002) ADG compared with pigs weaned from sows fed 800 IU of vitamin D3. Throughout finishing (d 35 postweaning until 135 kg), ADG was increased (quadratic, P = 0.005) and G: F was improved (quadratic, P = 0.049) with increasing maternal dietary vitamin D-3. Also, pigs from sows fed 50 mu g/kg of 25(OH)D-3 had increased (P = 0.002) ADG compared with pigs weaned from sows fed 800 IU of vitamin D-3. Carcass data were collected from a subsample population separate from that used for the growth performance portion of the study, and a total of 642 carcasses from progeny of sows fed the varying dietary vitamin D treatments were used. Live BW of pigs at marketing and HCW were heavier (P < 0.030) for pigs from sows previously fed 25(OH)D-3 compared with pigs from sows fed 9,600 IU of vitamin D-3. Overall, pigs from sows fed 2,000 IU of vitamin D-3 grew faster after weaning compared with pigs from sows fed 800 or 9,600 IU of vitamin D-3. Pigs from sows fed 25(OH)D-3 hag greater ADG compared with pigs from sows fed 800 IU of vitamin D-3, and they had increased final BW and HCW compared with pigs from sows fed 9,600 IU of vitamin D-3
Effects of standardized ileal digestible valine-to-lysine ratio on growth performance of twenty-five- to forty-five-kilogram pigs under commercial conditions
No full textCitation: Goncalves, M. A. D., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., Bello, N. M., Touchette, K. J., Goodband, R. D., . . . Woodworth, J. C. (2016). Effects of standardized ileal digestible valine-to-lysine ratio on growth performance of twenty-five- to forty-five-kilogram pigs under commercial conditions. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 19-20. doi:10.2527/msasas2016-043Two experiments were conducted to estimate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys requirement for growth performance in 25- to 45-kg pigs. In Exp. 1, 1134 gilts (PIC 337), initially 31.2 kg (SD 2.0) BW, were used in a 19-d trial with 27 pigs/pen and 7 pens/treatment. In Exp. 2, 2100 gilts (PIC 327), initially 25.4 ± 1.9 kg BW, were used in a 22-d trial with 25 pigs/pen and 12 pens/treatment. In both experiments, treatments were blocked by initial BW in a randomized complete block design. In Exp. 1, there were 6 treatments with SID Val:Lys at 59.0, 62.5, 65.9, 69.6, 73.0, and 75.5%. For Exp. 2, there were 7 treatments with SID Val:Lys at 57.0, 60.6, 63.9, 67.5, 71.1, 74.4, and 78.0%. Diets were formulated to ensure that Lys was the second limiting AA throughout the experiments. Responses were analyzed separately for each experiment using general linear and nonlinear heteroskedastic mixed models, including initial BW as an explanatory covariate and BW block as a random effect. In Exp. 1, ADG linearly increased with increasing SID Val:Lys (P = 0.009; 680, 717, 717, 712, 744, and 726 ± 17.1 g, respectively), whereas no significant treatment differences were observed for G:F (0.467, 0.467, 0.472, 0.474, 0.481, and 0.472 ± 0.0084, respectively). In Exp. 2, ADG (quadratic, P = 0.002; 621, 662, 717, 708, 708, 726, and 717 ± 16.1 g, respectively) and G:F increased (linear, P 78.0) SID Val:Lys. The best-fitting model for G:F was also a QP (prediction equation: ?0.04 + 1.36 × SID Val:Lys ? 0.94 × SID Val:Lys2) with optimum G:F estimated at 72.3% (95% CI 64.0 to > 78.0) SID Val:Lys. In conclusion, 67% SID Val:Lys was able to capture 99% of maximum ADG and G:F in 25- to 45-kg pigs
Evaluating the effects of floor space allowance and pig removal from a group on the growth of finishing pigs
No full textCitation: Flohr, J. R., Woodworth, J. C., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., DeRouchey, J. M., Goodband, R. D., & Gourley, G. (2016). Evaluating the effects of floor space allowance and pig removal from a group on the growth of finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 7-8. doi:10.2527/msasas2016-016A total of 1092 finishing pigs (initially 36.3 ± 1.2 kg BW) were used in a 117-d study to evaluate the impact of initial floor space allowance and removal strategy on the growth of finishing pigs up to 140 kg. There were 4 experimental treatments with 14 pens per treatment. The first treatment stocked pigs at 0.91 m2 (15 pigs/pen) throughout the duration of the study. The other 3 treatments initially stocked pigs at 0.65 m2 (21 pigs/pen) and were subject to 1 of 3 removal strategies. The second treatment (2:2:2) removed the 2 heaviest pigs from pens on d 64, 76, and 95. Treatment 3 (2:4) removed the 2 heaviest pigs on d 76 and the 4 heaviest pigs on d 105. Treatment 4 (6) removed the heaviest 6 pigs on d 105. All pigs remaining in pens after removals were fed to d 117. Overall (d 0 to 117), pigs initially provided 0.91 m2 of floor space had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared with pigs in pens on the 2:4 or 6 removal strategy. Pigs initially provided 0.91 m2 of floor space had increased (P < 0.05) ADFI compared with pigs initially provided 0.65 m2 of floor space. Feed efficiency was poorer for pigs initially provided 0.91 m2 of floor space compared with pigs on the 2:2:2 or 2:4 removal strategy. Total BW gain per pen was greater (P < 0.05) for pens initially stocked at 0.65 m2 compared with pens initially stocked at 0.91 m2. Feed usage per pen was less (P < 0.05) for pens initially stocked at 0.91 m2 compared with pens initially providing 0.65 m2 of floor space and on removal strategies. Feed usage per pen was less (P < 0.05) for pigs on the 2:2:2 removal strategy compared with pigs on the 2:4 or the 6 removal strategy. In conclusion, increasing the floor space allowance or the time points at which pigs are removed from the pen improved the growth of pigs remaining in the pen
Evaluating pellet and meal feeding regimens on finishing pig performance, stomach morphology, and carcass characteristics
No full textCitation: De Jong, J. A., DeRouchey, J. M., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., Goodband, R. D., Woodworth, J. C., & Allerson, M. W. (2016). Evaluating pellet and meal feeding regimens on finishing pig performance, stomach morphology, and carcass characteristics. Journal of Animal Science, 94(11), 4781-4788. doi:10.2527/jas2016-0461A total of 2,100 pigs (PIC 327 x 1050; initially 31.2 kg BW) were used in a 118-d trial to determine the effects of pellet or meal feeding regimens on finishing pig growth performance, stomach morphology, and carcass characteristics. Pens of pigs were balanced by initial BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments (14 pens/treatment with 25 pigs/pen). Pens were sorted by gender allowing for 7 barrow pens and 7 gilt pens per treatment. The same corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 15% dried distillers' grains with solubles were used for all treatments and fed in 5 phases. Phases were fed from d 0 to 28, 28 to 56, 56 to 84, 84 to 98, and 98 to 118. The 6 treatments included a meal or pelleted diet fed from d 0 to 118, a meal diet fed from d 0 to 70 followed by pellets from d 70 to 118, a pelleted diet fed from d 0 to 70 followed by a meal diet from d 70 to 118, or pellets and meal rotated every 2 wk starting with meal or pellets. On d 110, 4 pigs from each pen were harvested and stomachs collected, from which a combined ulcer and keratinization score was determined for each pig. Overall, there were no differences in ADG across feeding regimens. Pigs fed meal throughout had the greatest (P < 0.05) ADFI, whereas pigs fed pellets throughout had the lowest (P < 0.05), with all other treatments intermediate (P < 0.05). Pigs fed pelleted diets throughout had the greatest (P < 0.05) G: F, whereas pigs fed meal throughout had the worst G: F (P < 0.05), with all other treatments intermediate (P < 0.05). When pelleted diets were fed for the last 58 d or for the entire trial, the incidence of ulceration and keratinization increased (P < 0.05), whereas pigs fed meal for the last 58 d had a lower incidence (P < 0.05), with all other treatments intermediate (P < 0.05). Feeding pellets throughout increased (P < 0.05) the number of pigs removed per pen compared with all other treatments. Pig removals were determined by an on-site farm manager when pigs were at risk due to weight loss, health, or animal welfare concerns and needed to be separated from the general population. There were no differences for any carcass characteristics measured including HCW, carcass yield, backfat depth, loin depth, and percentage lean. In conclusion, feeding pelleted diets improved G: F but increased stomach ulceration and pig removals; however, rotating pellets and meal diets provided an intermediate G: F response and moderated stomach ulcerations compared with feeding only pellets
The progression of deoxynivalenol-induced growth suppression in nursery pigs and the potential of an algae-modified montmorillonite clay to mitigate these effects
No full textCitation: Frobose, H. L., Erceg, J. A., Fowler, S. Q., Tokach, M. D., DeRouchey, J. M., Woodworth, J. C., . . . Goodband, R. D. (2016). The progression of deoxynivalenol-induced growth suppression in nursery pigs and the potential of an algae-modified montmorillonite clay to mitigate these effects. Journal of Animal Science, 94(9), 3746-3759. doi:10.2527/jas2016-0663Two experiments were conducted to characterize the progression of deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced growth suppression and to investigate algae-modified montmorillonite clay (AMMC) as a means to alleviate the effects of DON in nursery pigs. In both experiments, naturally DON-contaminated wheat was used to produce diets with desired DON levels. In Exp. 1, 280 barrows and gilts (10.0 +/- 0.2 kg BW) were used in a 28-d experiment arranged in a 2 x 2 + 1 factorial design with 8 replicates per treatment. The 5 treatments consisted of 2 positive control (PC) diets with DON below detection limits and with or without 0 or 0.50% AMMC and 3 negative control (NC) diets with 5 mg/kg of DON and containing 0, 0.25, or 0.50% AMMC. No DON x AMMC interactions were observed. Overall, pigs fed DON had decreased (P < 0.001) ADG and final BW regardless of AMMC addition. Feeding DON-contaminated diets elicited the most severe depression (P < 0.001) in ADFI and G:F from d 0 to 3, remaining poorer overall (P < 0.01) but lessening in severity as exposure time increased. Pigs fed DON diets had greater (P < 0.05) within pen BW variation (CV) on d 28. Although the addition of 0.50% AMMC to diets restored (P < 0.05) ADFI from d 14 to 21 to levels similar to the PC, no other differences were observed for AMMC inclusion. In Exp. 2, 360 barrows (11.4 +/- 0.2 kg BW) were used in a 21-d experiment with 9 dietary treatments arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial design with DON and AMMC inclusion as main effects. There were 8 replicate pens per treatment. Treatments consisted of 3 PC diets without DON, 3 low-DON (1.5 mg/kg DON) NC diets, and 3 high-DON (3 mg/kg DON) NC diets with 0, 0.17, or 0.50% AMMC incorporated at each DON level. No DON x AMMC interactions were observed. As DON level increased, ADG and final BW decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05), driven by decreased (quadratic, P < 0.01) ADFI and poorer (quadratic; P < 0.05) G:F. At both 1.5 and 3 mg/kg DON, reductions in ADG were most marked from d 0 to 7 (15 to 22% lower) and were least distinct from d 14 to 21 (5 to 6% lower). Incorporating AMMC at increasing levels had no effect on ADG, ADFI, G:F, or final BW. Overall, these experiments reinforce DON effects on feed intake but also indicate that the effects of DON on G: F may be more severe than previously thought. Furthermore, some pigs appear to develop tolerance to DON, as effects on ADFI and G: F lessen over time. However, the addition of AMMC did not offset the deleterious effects of DON
Development of equations to predict the influence of floor space on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio of finishing
No full textCitation: Flohr, J. R., Woodworth, J. C., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., DeRouchey, J. M., & Goodband, R. D. (2016). Development of equations to predict the influence of floor space on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio of finishing. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 7-7. doi:10.2527/msasas2016-015Data from existing literature examining the influence of floor space allowance on the growth of finishing pigs was used to develop prediction equations for ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Two databases were used: the first included information from studies examining the influence of floor space allowance, and the second included the aforementioned papers along with papers examining the impact of floor space after pigs were removed from the pen. The first database included 27, 25, and 25 papers for ADG, ADFI, and G:F, respectively, and the second database contained 30, 28, and 28 papers for ADG, ADFI, and G:F, respectively. The predictor variables tested were floor space (m2/pig), k (floor space/final BW0.67), initial BW, final BW, feed space (pigs per feeder hole), water space (pigs per waterer), group size (pigs per pen), gender, floor type, and study length (d). Floor space treatments within each experiment were the experimental unit and random effects of decade, paper within decade, and experiment within paper × decade interactions were included in the statistical model. A weighted variance term was included in the statistical model to account for heterogeneity of experimental designs and replication across the existing literature. The statistical significance for inclusion of terms in the model was determined at P < 0.10. Further evaluation of models with significant terms was then conducted based on the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Once the ADG and ADFI models for each respective database were determined, then the G:F model was evaluated as the predicted ADG/predicted ADFI. The optimum equations to predict finishing ADG, ADFI, and G:F for the first database were ADG, g = 395.57 + (15,727 × k) ? (221,705 × k2) ? (3.6478 × initial BW, kg) + (2.209 × final BW, kg) + (67.6294 × k × initial BW, kg); ADFI, g = 802.07 + (20,121 × k) ? (301,210 × k2) ? (1.5985 × initial BW, kg) + (11.8907 × final BW, kg) + (159.79 × k × initial BW, kg); and G:F = predicted ADG/predicted ADFI. The optimum equations to predict ADG, ADFI, and G:F for the second database were ADG, g = 337.57 + (16,468 × k) ? (237,350 × k2) ? (3.1209 × initial BW, kg) + (2.569 × final BW, kg) + (71.6918 × k × initial BW, kg); ADFI, g = 833.41 + (24,785 × k) ? (388,998 × k2) ? (3.0027 × initial BW, kg) + (11.246 × final BW, kg) + (187.61 × k × initial BW, kg); and G:F = predicted ADG/predicted ADFI. All multiterm models improved BIC values compared with single-term predictor models, signifying that multiterm models proved to better fit their respective databases
Effects of potential detoxifying agents on growth performance and deoxynivalenol (DON) urinary balance characteristics of nursery pigs fed DON-contaminated wheat
No full textCitation: Frobose, H. L., Stephenson, E. W., Tokach, M. D., DeRouchey, J. M., Woodworth, J. C., Dritz, S. S., & Goodband, R. D. (2017). Effects of potential detoxifying agents on growth performance and deoxynivalenol (DON) urinary balance characteristics of nursery pigs fed DON-contaminated wheat. Journal of Animal Science, 95(1), 327-337. doi:10.2527/jas2016.0664Two experiments were conducted to evaluate potential detoxifying agents on growth of nursery pigs fed deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated diets. Naturally DON-contaminated wheat (6 mg/kg) was used to achieve desired DON levels. In a 21-d study, 238 pigs (13.4 +/- 1.8 kg BW) were used in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement. Diets were: 1) Positive control (PC; < 0.5 mg/kg DON), 2) PC + 1.0% Product V (Nutriquest LLC, Mason City, IA), 3) Negative control (NC; 4.0 mg/kg DON), 4) NC + 1.0% Product V, and 5) NC + 1.0% sodium metabisulfite (SMB; Samirian Chemicals, Campbell, CA). There were 6 or 7 replicate pens/treatment and 7 pigs/pen. Analyzed DON was decreased by 92% when pelleted with SMB, but otherwise matched formulated levels. Overall, a DON x Product V interaction was observed for ADG (P < 0.05) with a tendency for an interaction for ADFI (P < 0.10). As anticipated, DON reduced (P < 0.001) ADG and ADFI, but the interaction was driven by even poorer growth when Product V was added to NC diets. Pigs fed NC diets had 10% poorer G: F (P < 0.001) than PC-fed pigs. Reductions in ADG due to DON were most distinct (50%) during the initial period. Adding SMB to NC diets improved (P < 0.01) ADG, ADFI, and G: F, and improved (P < 0.02) ADG and G: F compared to the PC diet. A urinary balance study was conducted using diets 3 to 5 from Exp. 1 to evaluate Product V and SMB on DON urinary metabolism. A 10 d adaptation was followed by a 7 d collection using 24 barrows in a randomized complete block design. Pigs fed NC + SMB diet had greater urinary DON output (P < 0.05) than pigs fed NC + Product V, with NC pigs intermediate. Daily DON excretion was lowest (P < 0.05) in the NC + SMB pigs. However, degradation of DON-sulfonate back to the parent DON molecule was observed as pigs fed NC + SMB excreted more DON than they consumed (164% of daily DON intake), greater (P < 0.001) than pigs fed the NC (59%) or NC + Product V (48%). Overall, Product V did not alleviate DON effects on growth nor did it reduce DON absorption and excretion. However, hydrothermally processing DON-contaminated diets with 1.0% SMB restored ADFI and improved G: F. Even so, the urinary balance experiment revealed that some of the converted DON-sulfonate can degrade back to DON under physiological conditions. While further research is needed to discern the stability of the DON-sulfonate, SMB appears promising to restore performance in pelleted DON-contaminated diets
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