1,720,991 research outputs found
Determination of breastmilk induced microchimerism in testis, its role in chemical and physical damage models
No full textAmaç: Mikrokimerizm, immün yanıt gerçekleştirmeden bir bireye başka bir bireyden az miktarda hücresinin geçişidir. Gebelikte annenin hücrelerinin yavrulara geçmesine ise maternal mikrokimerizm adı verilir. Annesütüne bağlı mikrokimerizm ile ilgili olarak oldukça az yayına rastlanmaktadır. Çalışmamızda hedef organ olan testis ile ilgili mikrokimerizm çalışması bulunmamaktadır. Bu projede emzirme yoluyla yavru testis dokusuna geçen kimerik hücrelerin tanımlanması ve kimyasal ve fiziksel hasar modellerindeki rolünün aydınlatılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Farelerle gerçekleştirilecek proje temel olarak hücrelerindeki aktin filamentinde yeşil floresan protein (GFP) eksprese eden transgenik hayvanlar ile deney yapmaya dayanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda GFP+ transgenik anneden normal yavruya anne sütü aracılığıyla geçen kimerik hücreler 7, 30, 60 Günlük kontrol ve Busulfan, İskemi/ Reperfüzyon gruplarında araştırıldı. GFP+ kimerik hücre gruplara ait testis doku örneklerinde akım sitometrisi ve qPCR metodu ile analiz edildi. Testis doku incelemeleri ise konfokal ve lightsheet mikroskopları aracılığya yapıldı. Bulgular: Yapılan qPCR ve akım sitometrisi analizleri sonucunda tüm gruplara ait testis dokularına annesütü kaynaklı kimerik hücrelerin geçişi gözlemlendi. Konfokal ve lightsheet mikroskobik incelemelerde GFP+ kimerik hücrelerin testiste hem seminifer tübül içerisinde hem de interstisyal bağ doku içerisinde görüntülendi. Bütün analizler değerlendirildiğinde özellikle 30 Günlük Kontrol ve Busulfan hasar grubunda daha fazla GFP+ kimerik hücre popülasyonu gözlemlendi. Sonuç: Annesütü kaynaklı kök hücrelerin yavruya geçerek testis dokusuna göç ederek yerleştiği farklı metodlar kullanılarak ispatlandı. Hipotezimizi normal şartlarda bir hücrenin geçişi bile ispatlayacakken özellikle Busulfan hasar grubunda daha fazla sayıda bulundu. Anne sütü hücrelerinin girişimsel olmayan yöntemlerle elde edilebilmesi ve hücresel farklılaşma potansiyelleri göz önüne alındığında bu hücrelerin kullanımına yönelik araştırma ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Annesütü yoluyla yavruya geçen hücrelerin, yavrunun dokularına geçebilme yeteneği, annesütünün beklenenden daha büyük bir biyolojik öneme sahip olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.Objective: Microchimerism refers to the presence of a small number of cells from one organism in another organism without eliciting an immune response. Maternal microchimerism occurs when the mother's cells pass to the offspring during pregnancy. There is limited literature on microchimerism associated with breast milk. In our study, we aimed to investigate microchimerism related to breast milk, specifically focusing on the testis as the target organ. We aimed to detect chimeric cells that migrate from the mother to the offspring's testis through breastfeeding, characterize their phenotype and differentiation properties, and elucidate their role in chemical and physical damage models. Materials and Methods: The fundamental experimental approach of this project with mice relies on using transgenic animals that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in all their cells. GFP+ chimeric cells transferred from GFP+ mothers to normal offspring through breastfeeding were investigated in control groups at 7, 30, and 60 days, as well as in Busulfan-induced damage and ischemia-reperfusion groups. Testis samples from the GFP+ chimeric cell groups were analyzed using flow cytometry and qPCR methods. Testis tissue examinations were conducted using confocal and lightsheet microscopes. Results: Analysis by qPCR and flow cytometry confirmed the presence of breast milk-derived chimeric cells in the testis tissues of all groups. Confocal and lightsheet microscopic examinations revealed the presence of GFP+ chimeric cells within seminiferous tubules and interstitial connective tissue in the testis. Overall, especially in the 30-Day Control and Busulfan damage groups, a higher population of GFP+ chimeric cells was observed. Conclusion: The migration and engraftment of stem cells from breast milk to the offspring's testis were demonstrated using different methods. Our hypothesis was supported by the presence of these cells, even though their numbers were particularly higher in the Busulfan damage group. Considering the non-invasive methods for obtaining breast milk cells and their potential for cellular differentiation, there is a need for further research on the use of these cells. The ability of cells transferred to the offspring's tissues through breastfeeding suggests that breast milk may have biological significance beyond current understanding
Cep telefonlarının yaydığı elektromanyetik dalgaların sıçan testis gelişimi, hücre ölümü ve kan-testis bariyeri üzerine etkileri: infertilite açısından değerlendirme
No full textCep Telefonlarının Yaydığı Elektromanyetik Dalgaların Sıçan Testis Gelişimi, Hücre Ölümü ve Kan-Testis Bariyeri Üzerine Etkileri: İnfertilite Açısından Değerlendirme Olgu Enis TOK Kullanım alanı yaygın olan cep telefonlarının yaydığı elektromanyetik dalgaların (EMD) birçok doku üzerine etkileri olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada GSM 1800 iletişim frekansına ve en yüksek özgül soğurma değeri 1,79 W/ kg olan cep telefonunun yaydığı EMD’nin sıçan testisinde hücre çoğalması, hücre ölümü ve kan- testis bariyeri üzerine olan etkilerini göstermek amaçlanmıştır.Çalışmamızda Wistar-albino ırkı sıçanlar kullanılmış ve 1) Kontrol, 2) EMD, 3) EMD fötal, 4) Bekleme ve 5) Bekleme fötal olmak üzere 5 deney grubu (n=6) oluşturulmuştur. Tüm deney gruplarındaki sıçanların testisleri doğum sonrası 60. günde eter anestezisi altında alınmıştır. Sıçanların vücut ve testis ağırlıkları tartılmış, tübül çapı ve alanı ölçümleri, proliferatif ve apoptotik hücrelerin varlığı, ZO-1’in miktarı değerlendirilmiştir. İnce yapısal değişiklikleri göstermek için geçirimli elektron mikroskopi tekniği uygulanmıştır. Biyokimyasal olarak dokuda MDA ve GSH düzeylerine, serumda LH, FSH ve testosteron seviyelerine bakılmıştır.Sadece EMD grubunda sıçan ağırlığı düşerken, EMD fötal ve EMD gruplarında testis ağırlığı ve seminifer tübül alanı düşmüştür. Seminifer tübül çapları deney gruplarında anlamlı olarak azalmıştır. Bekleme, EMD ve EMD fötal gruplarında apoptotik indeks anlamlı artarken, proliferatif indeks anlamlı şekilde azalmıştır. EMD ve EMD fötal gruplarında ZO-1 dağılımının düzensiz olduğu ve protein miktarının anlamlı olarak azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Elektron mikroskopik incelemelerde, Bekleme ve EMD fötal gruplarında hücreler arasında ve hücre içinde az sayıda küçük vakuoller, EMD grubunda ise çok sayıda ve büyük vakuoller gözlenmiştir. GSH düzeyi bütün gruplarda anlamlı şekilde düşerken, MDA düzeyi anlamlı şekilde artmıştır. Serum FSH ve LH seviyelerinde gruplar arasında değişiklik gözlenmezken, serum testosteron seviyesinde EMD ve EMD fötal gruplarında anlamlı azalma vardır. Bekleme konumunda daha az olmakla birlikte EMD, cep telefonu testosteron seviyesini düşürerek, hücre ölümünü uyararak ve kan-testis bariyerini bozarak sıçanlarda infertiliteye sebep olabilir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Cep telefonu, Elektromanyetik dalgalar, Sıçan, TestisElectromagnetic Waves Emitted By Mobile Phones Effect On The Testis Morphology Of Rat, Cell Death and Blood-Testis Barrier: Evaluation for Infertility Olgu Enis TOK The electromagnetic waves (EMW) emitted by commonly used mobile phones are reported to have effects on many tissues. In this study, we aimed to show effects of EMW emitted by mobile phone with DSC 1800 carrier frequency which has the highest SAR value 1.79 W/ kg on the cell proliferation, cell death and blood-testis barrier of rat testis. Wistar-albino rats were used in this study and were formed to five experimental groups as 1)Control, 2)Standby Fetal, 3)Standby, 4)EMW Fetal and 5)EMW (n=6). Testes of rats in all experimental groups were taken at postnatal 60th day under ether anesthesia. Body and testis weights of the rats were weighed, diameter and area of seminiferous tubules were measured, presense of proliferative and apoptotic cells were determined and quantitative analysis of ZO-1 were done. To establish the ultrastructural morphology we used transmission electron microscopic techniques. In the tissues ratios of MDA and GSH; in the serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone were biochemically analyzed. While body weight of rat was decreased in only EMW group, testis weight and seminiferous tubule area were decreased in EMW Fetal and EMW groups. Seminiferous tubule diameters were decreased in all experimental groups. However apoptotic index were significantly increased in stand by, EMD and EMF fetal, proliferative index were significantly decreased. In EMD and EMD fetal groups irregular dispersion of ZO-1and significantly decreased levels of ZO-1 protein were shown. In electron microscopic examinations small vacuols between and inside the cells were determined in stand by and EMD fetal groups; big and great number of vacuols were shown in EMD group. While levels of GSH were significantly decreased in all experimental groups, levels of MDA were significantly increased. However no changes were minitored between serum FSH and LH levels of experimental groups, serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased in EMD and EMD fetal groups. However it has less effects on stand by mode, cell phones may couse of infertility of rats via decreasing testosterone levels, inducing cell death and breaking down the blood-testis barrier. Key Words: Cell phone, Electromagnetic waves, Rat, Testi
High cholesterol diet-mediated unfolded protein response activation enhances autophagic cell death in heart tissue
No full textThe morphological and biochemical investigation of prenatal electromagnetic wave effects on urinary bladder in rats
No full textElectromagnetic Waves from Mobile Phones may Affect Rat Brain During Development
No full textAIM: To investigate the effects of electromagnetic waves (EMWs) from mobile phones (MPs) on rat brains of rats by morphological and biochemical analysis. MATERIAL and METHODS: EMW was applied for two hours/day until birth in stand-by fetal and EMW fetal groups and postnatal 60th day in stand-by and EMW groups. The control group was not exposed to MP. On postnatal 60th day, brain malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured, and western blot analysis was performed to determine glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) content. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and GFAP immunohistochemistry were applied. Trigeminal nerves were examined using the transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: In comparison to controls, rats exposed to MP in stand-by or talk modes had significantly increased neuronal damage in the cortex and hippocampus. Increased MDA levels in the EMW group and decreased GSH levels in the stand-by, EMW fetal and EMW groups were found compared with controls. Increased GFAP content in the EMW group and increased GFAP staining in the EMW fetal and EMW groups compared to controls were observed. EMW group had a significantly decreased number of myelinated axons than control animals. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggests that 1800 MHz EMWs (SAR=1.79 W/kg) exposure in the prenatal and early postnatal life may lead to trigeminal nerve damage in addition to oxidative stress-induced neuronal degeneration and astroglial activation in the rat brain. Effects seem to be mode related, being more detrimental in groups exposed to MP during talk mode
The morphological and biochemical investigation of electromagnetic wave effects on urinary bladder in prenatal rats
No full textObjectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of digital cellular system (DCS) 1800-MHz radiation of a common digital mobile phone which has the highest specific absorption rate value of 1.79 W/kg on the urinary bladders of male rats. Materials and Methods: Rats exposed to electromagnetic wave (EMW) emitted by mobile phones on stand-by (Stand-by Fetal Group) or discontinious transmission mode (EMW Fetal group), 2 hours per day, from embryonic day 14 until parturition or until postnatal day 60 (Stand-by Fetal Group). The urinary bladders of the animals in experimental groups were removed at postnatal day 60 and prepared for light and electron microscopical investigation. The barrier function of urothelium was evaluated using zonula occludens 1 and E-cadherin immunohistochemistry and ruthenium red staining for transmission electron microscopy. Oxidative damage was evaluated by biochemical techniques. Results: EMW wave group showed desquamation of urothelial cells, increased number of mast cells, degeneration of tight junctions and dilatation of intercellular space. Finally, increase in the malondialdehyde and decrease in the glutathione levels were observed in all experimental groups when compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: Exposure intensity and time length correlate with adverse effects in developing period of the urinary bladder. These changes may lead to urinary bladder inflammatory disorders
The Impact of Unilateral Experimental Rat Varicocele Model on Testicular Histopathology, Leydig Cell Counts, and Intratesticular Testosterone Levels of Both Testes
No full textPurpose: Varicocele, most treatable pathologic condition in male infertility, exerts unfavorable effects on testicular ultrastructure via various mechanisms. In this study we aimed to demonstrate adverse effects of varicocele on both testes. Materials and Methods: Twenty one adult male Albino rats were divided into 3 groups. Sham operation was performed for group 1 (control group), and this group of rats were sacrificed 4 weeks later. Experimental varicocele model was performed for group 2 (varicocele group) and these animals were sacrificed 4 weeks after the operation. In group 3 the rats were varicocelectomized 4 weeks later. This group of rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks postoperatively. The level of testicular damage was examined, and serum testosterone and intratesticular testosterone levels were measured. Results: Mean (+/- SD) damage scores of the right testes of the sham, varicocele, and varicocelectomy groups were 0, 1.64 +/- 1.3, and 1.21 +/- 0.3, respectively. There was no statistically significant differences between damage scores of groups 2, and 3 (P =.320), relevant scores of both groups were determined to be significantly higher than group 1 (P =.009, and P =.001). Mean (+/-) damage scores of the left testes of the three groups were detected to be 0.43 +/- 1.13, 2.29 +/- 1.15, and 1.78 +/- 0.39, respectively. The difference between varicocele, and varicocelectomy groups was not statically significant (P =.112). Conclusion: Unilateral varicocele has deleterious effects on both testes. There was no statistically significant difference as for histopathologic recovery following varicocelectomy
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin against hepatorenal oxidative injury in an experimental sepsis model in rats
No full textBACKGROUND: To investigate the effects of curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, on free oxygen radicals and lipid peroxidation in an experimental sepsis model, as well as to determine the role of curcumin in preventing hepatorenal tissue damage caused by sepsis. METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=8) as follows: control group (group 1); sepsis group (group 2); and sepsis + curcumin group (group 3). Sepsis was created using the cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) method. Curcumin was administered intraperitoneally (200 mg/kg) in two equal doses just after the perforation and at twelve hours post-perforation. RESULTS: Serum TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, and tissue MDA and MPO values were higher, whereas tissue GSH and Na+/K+-ATPase values were lower, in group 2 as compared to group 1. These values in group 3 were the inverse of those in group 2. As compared to group 1, histopathological evaluation of group 2 showed damaged hepatocytes, glomeruli, and tubules, whereas the damage was significantly reduced in group 3 as compared to group 2. CONCLUSION: The strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin against potential hepatorenal damage were shown using an experimental sepsis model in rats
Cholesterol induced autophagy via IRE1/JNK pathway promotes autophagic cell death in heart tissue
No full textBackground: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with highest mortality and morbidity rates, are the major cause of death in the world. Due to the limited information on heart tissue changes, mediated by hypercholesterolemia, we planned to investigate molecular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and related cell death in high cholesterol fed rabbit model and possible beneficial effects of alpha-tocopherol. Methods: Molecular changes in rabbit heart tissue and cultured cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) were measured by western blotting, qRT-PCR, immunflouresence and flow cytometry experiments. Histological modifications were assessed by light and electron microscopes, while degradation of mitochondria was quantified through confocal microscope. Results: Feeding rabbits 2% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks and treatment of cultured cardiomyocytes with 10 mu g/mL cholesterol for 3 h induced excessive autophagic activity via IRE1/JNK pathway. While no change in ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and apoptotic cell death were determined, electron and confocal microscopy analyses in cholesterol supplemented rabbits revealed significant parameters of autophagic cell death, including cytoplasmic autophagosomes, autolysosomes and organelle loss in juxtanuclear area as well as mitochondria engulfment by autophagosome. Either inhibition of ER stress or JNK in cultured cardiomyocytes or alpha-tocopherol supplementation in rabbits could counteract the effects of cholesterol. Conclusion: Our findings underline the essential role of hypercholesterolemia in stimulating IRE1/JNK branch of ER stress response which then leads to autophagic cell death in heart tissue. Results also showed alpha-tocopherol as a promising regulator of autophagic cell death in cardiomyocytes. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Effect of sildenafil citrate in testosterone induced benign prostate hyperplasia rat model
No full textObjective: Efficacy of treatments for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is limited because the disease has complex etiopathogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) receptors in prostate tissue. We investigated efficacy of sildenafil citrate in testosteron -induced BPH in rats. Material and methods: The rats were divided into three groups. Each groups had 7 rats. Group 1 was control group. Testosteron propionate 3 mg/kg/day was injected subcutaneously for two weeks in Group 2. The same procedure was done for Group 3 and sildenafil citrate was added to water at daily doses of 2 mg/kg for two weeks. The rats were euthanized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital. The body weights were measured and the prostates were removed. Results: The mean weights of rats were 288+/-31.93, 345+/-23.23 and 294+/-32.86 g in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The mean prostate weights of rats were 0.74+/-0.18, 1.3+/-0.13 and 0.72+/-0.24 g in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Group 2 had statistically significantly higher prostate weights than the other groups (p<0.01). Relative prostate weight is calculated with ratio of prostate weight to body weight. BPH group showed an increase in relative prostate weight compared with other groups with significant difference (p=0.036 and p=0.040). There was statistical difference for acinar area between Group 2 and the others, no significant difference of number of acini, interstitial space and epithelial thickness. Group 2 has more papillary projections per acini than the other groups. Conclusion: Favourable effect of sildenafil citrate on dimensions of prostate but not all on histological parameters was observed. We expect that PDE-5 inhibitors might be a treatment option for BPH patients if the studies support our findings in the future
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