197,074 research outputs found
The Role of Free Oxygen Radicals in Lasting Hyperexcitability of Rat Subicular Neurons After Exposure to General Anesthesia During Brain Development
No full textA large number of preclinical studies have established that general anesthetics (GAs) may cause neurodevelopmental toxicity in rodents and nonhuman primates, which is followed by long-term cognitive deficits. The subiculum, the main output structure of hippocampal formation, is one of the brain regions most sensitive to exposure to GAs at the peak of synaptogenesis (i.e., postnatal day (PND) 7). We have previously shown that subicular neurons exposed to GAs produce excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is a known modulator of neuronal excitability. To further explore the association between GA-mediated increase in ROS levels and long-term functional changes within subicular neurons, we sought to investigate the effects of ROS on excitability of these neurons using patch-clamp electrophysiology in acute rat brain slices. We hypothesized that both acute application of H2O2 and an early exposure (at PND 7) to GA consisting of midazolam (9 mg/kg), 70% nitrous oxide, and 0.75% isoflurane can affect excitability of subicular neurons and that superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic, EUK-134, may reverse GA-mediated hyperexcitability in the subiculum. Our results using whole-cell recordings demonstrate that acute application of H2O2 has bidirectional effects on neuronal excitability: lower concentrations (0.001%, 0.3 mM) cause an excitatory effect, whereas higher concentrations (0.01%, 3 mM) inhibited neuronal firing. Furthermore, 0.3 mM H2O2 increased the average action potential frequency of subicular neurons by almost twofold, as assessed using cell-attach configuration. Finally, we found that preemptive in vivo administration of EUK-134 reduced GA-induced long-lasting hyperexcitability of subicular neurons ex vivo when studied in neonatal and juvenile rats. This finding suggests that the increase in ROS after GA exposure may play an important role in regulating neuronal excitability, thus making it an attractive therapeutic target for GA-induced neurotoxicity in neonates
Atmospheric C10 dataset
No full textThis dataset was created in the following study:
E. Lumiaro, M. Todorovic, T. Kurten, H. Vehkamaki, P. Rinke, “Predicting Gas-Particle Partitioning Coefficients of Atmospheric Molecules with Machine Learning”, arXiv, 2010.14207 (2020
Valutazione dell’impatto dei fattori bio-fisici e socio-economici nell’analisi del rischio di desertificazione in un’area mediterranea
No full textCapitolo 7. Gli effetti combinati della CO2, temperatura, ozono (O3) e raggi UV-B sulle colture.
No full textESAs (Environmental Sensitive Areas to desertification) model: supplementary indicators accounting for particular environmental conditions of Southern Italy
No full textA GIS-based approach for Desertification Risk Assessment in Apulia region, SE Italy
No full textAn assessment of the desertification risk was carried out for Apulia region (south-eastern Italy), a typical
example of many Mediterranean areas affected by land degradation. The applied modelling approach is
based on MEDALUS (Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use) project funded by the European Commission.
A set of new indicators was developed to account for the regional-specific environmental features
as well as for the socio-economic parameters relevant to land use planning and control
measures. GIS analysis was done including the whole set of indices at both regional and administrative
scales that constitute the principal territorial units for natural resources management and for the implementation
of mitigation policies. The results showed good performance of the proposed approach that
permits not only to identify and refine different degrees of vulnerability to land degradation, but also
to analyse specific factors affecting desertification as well as their evaluation in terms of spatial and temporal
distribution. The presented method can be easily implemented at different spatial scales (from
watershed to regional level) and might represent a benchmark methodology to identify priority measures
for mitigation of desertification risk in semi-arid Mediterranean environments.
2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Identification of areas sensitive to desertification in semi-arid Mediterranean environments: the case study of the Apulia Region (Southern Italy)
No full textModern strategies and tools for water saving and drought mitigation in Southern Italy. In “Drought management: Scientific and technological innovation
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