1,143 research outputs found
Dissection of Larval and Pupal Wings of Bicyclus anynana Butterflies
No full textMETHODS AND PROTOCOLS3
Laser Microdissection-Mediated Isolation of Butterfly Wing Tissue for Spatial Transcriptomics
No full textThe assignment of specific patterns of gene expression to specific cells in a complex tissue facilitates the connection between genotype and phenotype. Single-cell sequencing of whole tissues produces single-cell transcript resolution but lacks the spatial information of the derivation of each cell, whereas techniques such as multiplex FISH localize transcripts to specific cells in a tissue but require a priori information of the target transcripts to examine. Laser dissection of tissues followed by transcriptome analysis is an efficient and cost-effective technique that provides both unbiased gene expression discovery together with spatial information. Here, we detail a laser dissection protocol for total RNA extraction from butterfly larval and pupal wing tissues, without the need of paraffin embedding or the use of a microtome, that could be useful to researchers interested in the transcriptome of specific areas of the wing during development. This protocol can bypass difficulties in extracting high quality RNA from thick fixed tissues for sequencing applications
A Stacked Segmented Adaptive Power Amplifier in 22nm FD-SOI
No full textThis work was supported by Soitec. (Corresponding author: Aritra Banerjee.
Activation of butterfly eyespots by Distal-less is consistent with a reaction-diffusion process
No full text10.1242/dev.169367DEVELOPMENT146
Molecular mechanisms underlying simplification of venation patterns in holometabolous insects
No full text10.1242/dev.196394Development (Cambridge)14723dev196394
Author Exchange
No full textAnthropologist Mukulika Banerjee and political scientist Sushmita Pati have a conversation about their recently published books set in rural Bengal and Delhi’s urban villages, respectively. They situate their analyses of the intersections between democracy, capitalism, urbanization, and globalization in events, relations, and cultures of the everyday. Their exchange offers important insights for how political subjectivities and social ties are differently constituted or, to use Banerjee’s term, “cultivated” in these two settings. The two books offer a fine-grained view of how active citizenship in rural and urban India is refracted through distinct social and institutional structures. India is home to some of the world’s largest cities while more than 900 million people continue to live in the countryside. Its democratic future is therefore inextricably tied to the evolution of political behavior and political economy in both contexts, and, as Banerjee and Pati’s joint response indicates, to how urban and rural dynamics shape each other through (but not only through) migrants and their networks.
Contents:
Review of Mukulika Banerjee’s \u27Cultivating Democracy: Politics and Citizenship in Agrarian India\u27 by Sushmita Pati
Response from Mukulika Banerjee
Review of Sushmita Pati’s \u27Properties of Rent: Community, Capital and Politics in Globalising Delhi\u27 by Mukulika Banerjee
Response from Sushmita Pati
Joint Commentary from Banerjee and Pat
Antennapedia and optix regulate metallic silver wing scale development and cell shape in Bicyclus anynana butterflies
No full text10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111052Cell Reports401111052
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Turbulent Fluid Dynamics of Wildland Fire-Atmosphere Interactions
No full textComplex turbulence patterns emerge from the interaction of a wildland fire-front with its surrounding atmosphere in a variety of terrain and ambient conditions. This interaction, referred to as fire-atmosphere interaction, frequently begets unexpected fire behavior that is difficult to control and threatens communities residing at the boundaries of wilderness. Fire–atmosphere interactions also inform ember-driven ignitions and smoke dispersion patterns that affect respiratory health and visibility downwind. Despite the progress made in recent decades and the operational utility of several fire models, a lot still needs to be understood about fundamental fire behavior to improve model predictive capabilities and expand their range of application.This dissertation begins with the examination of wind velocity and temperature data collected during burn experiments ranging from small scales to operational scales for the turbulence processes characteristic of the presence of a fire in vegetative environments. At small scales, the analysis is akin to the microscopic observation of a fire in its infant stages: tracking velocity vectors in the vicinity of a propagating flame at high temporal and spatial resolutions allows a meticulous examination of the characteristic organized (coherent) flow structures. Besides being able to quantify the presence of counter-rotating vortex pairs along the fire-front, which play a key role in fire spread, potential mechanisms for the interaction between neighboring spot fires are illuminated. Next, data from operational-scale burn experiments (prescribed burns) is leveraged to differentiate between turbulence patterns during fires in grassland and forested environments, under differing ambient wind-forcing conditions. Such comparisons can help simplify the complex equations that govern fire physics, thereby expediting model predictions. A follow-up study utilizes a wavelet-based approach to track individual fire-modulated ramp-cliff-like structures in the measured temperature signal, in a forest canopy, as they evolve in time, along with their constitutive frequencies. These are known to find application in computing sensible heat fluxes within forested environments, which can be used to initialize and evaluate fire-behavior models. Given the spatial restraints on field measurements, we further attempt to investigate flow structures characteristic of buoyant-plume–canopy interaction under cross-wind forcing through large-eddy simulations (LES) using a low-complexity, ‘no-flame’ setup. The study replicates characteristic structures observed during field-scale experimental fires while also revealing differences in the spatial structure of the turbulent fluxes within the plume in both canopy and no canopy environments. By varying ambient wind speeds and heat-source strength, we then attempt to construct scaling laws informing plume deflection in canopy environments.Comprehensive knowledge of these processes can help develop improved parameterizations for the process-level phenomena in coarser-resolution, fast-running, predictive fire-behavior and plume-dispersion models. Improved models can be utilized for the careful planning of prescribed burns intended to reduce hazardous fuels and forewarning fire managers regarding conditions conducive to unexpected fire behavior, leading to efficient wildland fire management practices
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Event-based modeling of wall-bounded turbulence
No full textFor a diverse area of research, spanning from financial markets to weather and climate systems to experiments conducted in turbulent flows, the most common form of data belongs to the category of time series. In the context of turbulence research, the time series analysis techniques have mostly focused on spectral approach, where Fourier wavenumbers or frequencies are associated with eddy length or time scales. In this thesis, I propose an event-based approach as an alternative to the spectral one. This approach is used to address three important but fundamental problems in wall turbulence. First, identification of coherent structures in the flow from single-point time series measurements. Second, unravelling the scales associated with intermittency in wall turbulence. Third, the quantification of small-scale anisotropy in wall-bounded turbulent flows. To address these three objectives, different novel time-series analysis techniques have been introduced. Regarding the first objective, I introduce a level-crossing method and show how specific features of a turbulent time series associated with coherent structures can be objectively identified, without assigning a priori any arbitrary threshold. For the second and third objectives, I introduce a scale-dependent event framework, where the turbulent time series is considered to consist of a chronicle of events with finite size and duration across multiple scales of the flow. Overall, this dissertation provides a novel contribution towards data-driven modelling of turbulent flows with widespread applications, especially for atmospheric systems exhibiting complex temporal interactions at scales from seconds to decades
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