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Doctoral thesis recital (piano) chamber
No full textPiano trio in C minor, op. 1 no. 3 / Ludwig van Beethoven -- Piano trio no. 2 in E minor, op. 67 / Dmitri Shostakovich. (Grace Youn, violin ; Cory Blais, cello ; Shih-Ting Wu, piano).Musi
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
No full textThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
Rethinking Import-substituting Industrialization: Development Strategies and Institutions in Taiwan and China
No full textimport-substituting industrialization, export-oriented industrialization, development strategies, institutions
Shih Feng in the Tax System of the T'ang China : A Financial Historical Examination
No full textUnder the T’ang Dynasty of China, imperial family members and meritorious ministers were granted shih feng 食封. The shih feng was a system under which the grantee (feng chia 封家) received the taxes (tsu 租, t‘iao 調 and yung 庸) paid by the k‘o ting 課丁 (feng ting 封丁) men of the k‘o hu 課戸 (feng hu 封戸) families living in the designated provinces or counties (feng ti 封地), and its amount was counted by the number of the feng hu. The taxes from the feng ti, or the feng wu 封物, were collected by the employee of the feng chia despatched there (feng shih 封使) in the presence of local officials. Empresses Wu Hou 武后 and Wei Hou 韋后 granted the privilege so indiscriminately that much of the taxes were consumed by individuale feng chia, straining the government finances. Also the feng shih, making use of his feng chia’s influence, would frequently behave highhandedly, sometimes illegally exploiting people, causing a great harm to the public. To check such abuses, Emperor Hsüan-tsung 玄宗 forbade the feng shih to visit the feng ti, and instead made the government collect the taxes for the feng chia. He also raised the reduction rate of the shih feng, which was hereditary, at the time of inheritance, thereby making it possible to reduce more rapidly the number of the feng hu retained by already existing feng chia, and at the same time started granting smaller numbers of feng hu to newly created feng chia. Besides such means intended for a gradual decrease of the total number of feng hu, he succeeded in reducing that of feng ting by limiting the highest number of feng ting in a feng hu to three men. Such reforms changed the nature of the shih feng system until it was in the T’ien-pao 天宝 years only a pensionary allowance, and the sum expended under this item exceeded not more than a few per cent of the whole yearly income of the government, no more a financial burden as it used to be. Thus the shih feng system, which was a carryover from the feudal society of ancient times, was completely changed into a kind of pension under the T’ang Dynasty.journal articl
Assessing Alternative Policies for Reducing Household Waste in Taiwan
No full textIn the last few years, the three major cities in Taiwan have been experimenting with two different demand-side management approaches to reduce the waste generated by households and to promote the recycling of recyclables. Thus, there are three different kinds of approaches of waste management that are concurrently used in Taiwan: fee-per-bag, mandatory recycling with free waste collection services, and the zero price of trash collection. We performed a comparative analysis of these policy instruments to take advantage of this important social experiment. We first developed an economic model for the three different waste charging programs concurrently in use and then performed an empirical study based on the implications from the theoretical analysis. It is clearly seen that the traditional approach of zero pricing of trash collection is very ineffective in terms of waste reduction and recycling. Households have all changed their behavior significantly in those cities with two new approaches. However, of the two, the fee-per-bag program is clearly the most effective approach. The results have important policy implications.
Pr oton MR Spectr oscopy of the Femor al Head - Evaluation of Patients at Risk for Avascular Necr osis
No full textTo measure the lipid / water ratio of the femoral head from normal individuals
and also, the non-diseased femoral head from patients with contralateral avascular
necrosis (AVN) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Twenty-four
femoral heads from 12 normal subjects and 15 non-diseased femoral heads from
patients with contralateral AVN were included. Marrow composition was measured
by using single-voxel stimulated-echo acquisition method (STEAM) (TR/TE =
5000/20 msec) with a voxel placed in the femoral head. The area under each
resonance for lipid and water was calculated.
The area of lipid (L) to area of water (W) ratio (L/W ratio) of the femoral head
was significantly different between the patients with AVN on the contralateral side
and normal individuals (P = 0.0048), this ratio revealing a greater value for those at
risk of AVN. This detected difference appears to precede any other morphological
change associated with AVN, such an increase in L/W ratio possibly suggesting the
pathogenic route for AVN
The Relationships between the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-chao kuo-shih and the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-shi
No full textDuring the Sung dynasty many versions of the national history were compiled. All these national histories included a chapter called Shih-huo-chih 食貨志. These versions of the Shih-huo-chih are not extant now in their original form, but fragments of them have been included in such books as the Sung-shih Shih-huo-chih 宋史食貨志, the Hsü Tzŭ-chih-t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien 續資治通鑑長編, the Wên-hsien t’ung-k’ao 文獻通考, the Yü-hai 玉海, the Huang-chao pien-nien kang-mu pei-yao 皇朝編年綱目備耍, and the Shang-t’ang ch’ün-shu k’ao-so 山堂群書考索. The original form of the Shih-huo-chih, therefore, can be traced to some extent. Among the above works, the preface to the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-shih states that, though the chapter was based on the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-chao kuo-shih 宋朝國史, the quotation was limited only to the facts worth quoting because otherwise the chapter would become too voluminous. Comparing, however, the chapter of the Sung-chao kuo-shih with the similar chapters of the above works, the Sung-shih Shih-huo-chih seems to have borrowed in its entirety this chapter in the Sung-chao kuo-shih. In other words, although the Sung-shih Shih-huo-chih is mostly based on the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-chao kuo-shih, such chapters as the fang-t’ien 方田 were newly added, and the description of the Sung-chao kuo-shih is sometimes corrected or illustrated by new facts. Moreover, for the period after Li-tsung 理宗 at the end of the Southern Sung (1225~1279), the Sung-shih Shih-huo-chih has a unique description because the corresponding part of the Sung-chao kuo-shih is lacking.The author then compares the text of the Sung-shih Shih-huo-chih with that of the above books for the purpose of restoring the original form of the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-chao kuo-shih. The Hsü Tzŭ-chih t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien not only quotes the Sung-chao kuo-shih most extensively but also exhaustively corrects its errors of the latter. The Wên-hsien t’ung-k’ao also greatly depends upon the Sung-chao kuo-shih without indicating the source, while the Yü-hai, indicating the source, borrows some passages. The Shan-t’ang ch’ün-shu k’ao-so quotes the sections covering the reigns of Chê-tsung 哲宗 and Hui-tsung 徽宗in the Sung-chao kuo-shih which are not clearly recorded in the other books. The Huang-chao pien-nien kang-mu pei-yao quotes, mostly in its notes, the description from the Sung-chao kuo-shih without indicating the source.Thus the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-chao kuo-shih remains in the form of various versions quoted in other works and from these the author endeavors to restore part of the text of the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-chao kuo-shih.journal articl
Correlation of MR Lumbar Spine Bone Marrow Perfusion with Bone Mineral Density in Female Subjects
No full textPURPOSE: To prospectively assess lumbar spine bone marrow perfusion at dynamic
magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and correlate perfusion with bone mineral
density (BMD) in female subjects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: BMD measurement and dynamic MR imaging of
the lumbar spine were performed in 69 female subjects (mean age standard
deviation, 57 years 11). Subjects were stratified into premenopausal (n 19) and
postmenopausal (n 50) groups, with the latter group including both women who
were (n 13) and women who were not (n 37) receiving hormone replacement
therapy. BMD (in grams per square centimeter) was measured with dual energy
absorptiometry in the lumbar spine. Peak enhancement ratio, measured with time–
signal intensity curves calculated from dynamic MR image data, represented bone
marrow perfusion. Peak enhancement ratio was compared with age and BMD by
using linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation.
RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was found for BMD with peak enhancement
ratio of lumbar vertebrae among all subjects (n 69, r 0.63, P .001), all
postmenopausal women (n 50, r 0.50, P .001), and postmenopausal women
without hormone replacement therapy (n 37, r 0.61, P .001). However, the
correlation between BMD and peak enhancement ratio was not significant (P .05)
in premenopausal women (n 19) or postmenopausal women receiving hormone
therapy (n 13). Both BMD and peak enhancement ratio were inversely correlated
with age (P .001, Pearson correlation). Pearson partial correlation coefficient for
peak enhancement ratio and mean in all subjects, with control for inverse correlation
with age, was significant (r 0.63, P .001).
CONCLUSION: Significant correlation was found between the peak enhancement
ratio of vertebral bone marrow and BMD in postmenopausal female subjects. This
result may suggest a vascular component in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis
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