1,721,064 research outputs found
Allocation of Time within Italian Couples: Exploring the Role of Institutional Factors and their Effects on Household?s Wellbeing
Full text linktaly is characterized by a very uneven distribution of paid and unpaid work in gender terms. Italy has the lowest female employment rate apart from Malta in the European region, with a tangibly wide gender gap in employment and participation rates to the disadvantage of women. Furthermore, the female labour supply is very unevenly distributed across the Italian regions, and both institutional and labour market factors may be considered as lying at the basis of the high regional heterogeneity. This paper aims at understanding more in depth the uneven allocation of time by gender in Italian households. For this purpose we propose a model on the partners? allocation of time, that takes into account the simultaneity of partners? allocation of time decisions, as well as the issue of censored observations in some partenrs? uses of time. In order to estimate this model, we use IT SILC 2007 data that provides us with information on income and hours of work as well as on other relevant socio-demographic variables, maintaining the significance at regional level. This also allows us to analyze the contribution of institutional factors (like the heterogeneous distribution of childcare services in Italy and labour market differences) and interaction with various dimensions of wellbeing. Our findings suggest that an increase in women?s wages affects women?s working time, both by directly increasing women?s paid hours of work, and decreasing the time devoted to household activities and indirectly via a more equal distribution of unpaid work within the couple. The presence of children in the household tends to reduce women?s paid work, while having a positive effect on the time spent by the husband in paid work and on both partners? supply of unpaid work. We also note that the availability of childcare services represents the most relevant factor affecting women?s participatory decisions as well as their hours of paid work.time use; economics of gender; labour supplì;
Allocation of Time within Italian Couples: Exploring the Role of Institutional Factors and their Effects on Household's Wellbeing
Full text linkItaly is characterized by a very uneven distribution of paid and unpaid work in gender terms. Italy has the lowest female employment rate apart from Malta in the European region, with a tangibly wide gender gap in employment and participation rates to the disadvantage of women. Furthermore, the female labour supply is very unevenly distributed across the Italian regions, and both institutional and labour market factors may be considered as lying at the basis of the high regional heterogeneity. This paper aims at understanding more in depth the uneven allocation of time by gender in Italian households. For this purpose we propose a model on the partners' allocation of time, that takes into account the simultaneity of partners' allocation of time decisions, as well as the issue of censored observations in some partenrs' uses of time. In order to estimate this model, we use IT SILC 2007 data that provides us with information on income and hours of work as well as on other relevant sociodemographic variables, maintaining the significance at regional level. This also allows us to analyze the contribution of institutional factors (like the heterogeneous distribution of childcare services in Italy and labour market differences) and interaction with various dimensions of wellbeing. Our findings suggest that an increase in women's wages affects women's working time, both by directly increasing womens paid hours of work, and decreasing the time devoted to household activities and indirectly via a more equal distribution of unpaid work within the couple. The presence of children in the household tends to reduce women's paid work, while having a positive effect on the time spent by the husband in paid work and on both partners supply of unpaid work. We also note that the availability of childcare services represents the most relevant factor affecting women's participatory decisions as well as their hours of paid work.
Transnational social capital and FDI.Evidence from Italian associations worldwide
Full text linkEmigrant associations abroad are structured nodes of social networks; they are manifestations of a transnational social capital. Italian associations are numerous, spread across several countries, in some cases they exist since the end of the nineteenth century, and may count on high numbers of members. Also, they are robustly tied to the home country. This paper assesses the effects of Italian associations abroad on the bilateral FDI between Italy and the countries of settlement of Italian diaspora. The main results are that these effects are positive and strongly significant, especially for the inward FDI and relatively to the countries with the oldest associationsinternational migration, FDI, Italy
Dynamic Adverse Selection and the Size of the Informed Side of the Market
Full text linkIn this paper we examine the problem of dynamic adverse selection in a stylized market where the quality of goods is a seller’s private information. We show that in equilibrium all goods can be traded if a simple piece of information is made publicly available: the size of the informed side of the market. Moreover, we show that if exchanges can take place frequently enough, then agents roughly enjoy the entire potential surplus from exchanges. We illustrate these findings with a dynamic model of trade where buyers and sellers repeatedly interact over time. More precisely we prove that, if the size of the informed side of the market is a public information at each trading stage, then there exists a weak perfect Bayesian equilibrium where all goods are sold in finite time and where the price and quality of traded goods are increasing over time. Moreover, we show that as the time between exchanges becomes arbitrarily small, full trade still obtains in finite time – i.e., all goods are actually traded in equilibrium while total surplus from exchanges converges to the entire potential. These results suggest two policy interventions in markets suffering from dynamic adverse selection: first, the public disclosure of the size of the informed side of the market in each trading stage and, second, the increase of the frequency of trading stagesdynamic adverse selection; full trade; size of the informed side; frequency of exchanges; asymmetric information
Part-time and Temporary Employment: A Gender Perspective
No full textThe focus of the Chapter is on part-time and temporary work; we analyse these two different types of ‘non-standard’ work from a gender perspective. Our interest in these types of non-standard work is justified by their increasing weight with respect to total employment in Italy. At the same time the over-representation of women in jobs of this type – especially part-time work - and the risks of employment segregation to the disadvantage of women, as outlined by the literature, require a gender perspective. We try to disentangle not only the inequalities in the take-up of non-standard work by gender but also the gender differences in the determinants, and the factors conducive to the ‘choice’ of non-standard employment. We apply different microeconometric models
Organizzazione dell’incontro pubblico in modalità webinar “Di pari passo. Pari opportunità anche nello sport”, 24 novembre 2020.
No full textOrganizzazione dell’incontro pubblico in modalità webinar “Di pari passo. Pari opportunità anche nello sport”, 24 novembre 2020. Hanno preso parte all’evento tra gli altri Chiara Sortino (Assessore alle Pari Opportunità del Comune di Mantova), Giuseppe Faugiana (Delegato Provinciale CONI), Isabella Morlini (Delegato allo Sport Unimore), Tindara Addabbo (Delegato Pari Opportunità Unimore)
Pink Seal” a certification for Firms’ Gender Equity
No full textIn this paper we present the results of a research project promoted by Italian Ministry of Labour devoted to assign a formal certify to Italian private firms who respect Equal Opportunities (EO) between man and woman. The research project has been implemented in the framework of the 2007 European Year of Equal Opportunities for All and has been co-financed by the European Commission. Italian Ministry made a public call, to choose a sample of private firms. The sample was formed by: 14 joint-stock companies, 2 Ltds, 3 cooperatives Ltd, 10 social cooperatives and 5 others form of enterprise. The group of researchers involved is makes by sociologists, mathematicians and economists. The project started in June 2007 when the experts set up the self-assessment questionnaire. The test was carried out from November 2007 until February 2008. The selected firms filled in the self-assessment questionnaires and the sociologists conducted in-depth interviews to the relevant union representatives. A Fuzzy Expert System (FES) is used. The scope for using FES is connected not only to the multidimensional nature of EO and to the need of providing a synthetic indicator of firm’s EO without losing the its complexity, but even with the composite group of experts involved. The presence of sociologists, economists trade unions members, not used to a mathematics language, carried us to propose an instrument more user friendly like a FES
Diversity management: verso una nuova strategia per l'inclusione e la parità di genere nel sistema accademico italiano
No full textIl contributo dopo una breve panoramica sul ruolo della Ue sul gender gap, si sofferma sull'analisi dei processi di differenziazione di genere dei percorsi accademici dell'attuale sistema universitario italiano, sin dalle fasi di reclutamento e su quali azioni e politiche concrete di gender equality possano essere adottate
Being Healthy in Fuzzy Logic: The Case of Italy
Full text linkHealth is a crucial dimension of individual well being and it is in itself multidimensional and complex. In this paper we tackle this complexity by using fuzzy expert logic that allows us to keep its complexity and at the same time to get crisp indicators that can be used to measure its status. The applied analysis refers to a country, Italy, that shows a high regional variability in health achievements related to the different diffusion and quality of health services across Italy. The source of data used for this purpose is the Italian National Statistical Institute (ISTAT) survey on health conditions. We proceed with a comparison of the results of the application of fuzzy logic to health measurement to a more standard methodology (SF-12) outlining the advantages of using fuzzy logic. The obtained fuzzy measure of health is then analyzed by means of multivariate analysis that confirms regional variability, lower health achievements for women, elderly and lower educated individuals. People in nonstandard working positions (like temporary contract) or unemployed show a lower health achievement too
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