24 research outputs found
The administration of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in pediatric hematology: a literature review
No full textThe discovery of immune checkpoints (IC) has become a landmark event in immuno-oncolog y, improving the understanding of the mechanisms of tumor cells evading immune sur veillance. Based on this, a group of drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were developed, the ef fect of which is due to the rupture of the immunological synapse and recognition by tumor T cells. Currently, ICIs are successfully used in the treatment of a number of malignant neoplasms, improving the indicators of diseasefree and overall sur vival. However, determining the role of these drugs in the treatment of children with tumors of the blood system is the subject of active research. This article presents a review of the literature on topical aspects of the administration of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in pediatric hematolog y. Their mechanisms of action, ef fectiveness and potential complications of therapy are presented
Research of the Power Plant Operational Modes
No full textIn this article the algorithm of the power plant operational modes research is offered. According to this algorithm the program for the modes analysis and connection power transformers choice is developed. The program can be used as educational means for studying of the power plant electric part, at the same time basic data are provided. Also the program can be used for the analysis of the working power plants modes. Checks of the entered data completeness and a choice correctness of the operational modes are provided in the program; in all cases of a deviation from the correct decisions to the user the relevant information is given
L-asparaginase: New about Well-Known Drug
No full textThe history of asparaginase clinical use is inextricably linked to the improvement of treatment programs for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Asparaginase, obtained from E. coli, has become the crucial part in the protocols for the treatment of ALL in children and adults since the 1960s-1970s due to its antitumor effect on lymphoid leukemia cells. Despite the evolution of therapeutic approaches in ALL management, changes in used chemotherapeutic agents, their administration regimens and doses, the asparaginase remains one of the leading therapeutic agents in ALL patients. With time ideas about the asparaginase mechanisms have expanded, new data have been accumulated on adverse effects (allergic reactions, thrombotic complications, pancreatitis, hepatic dysfunction, etc.). The asparaginase obtained from Erwinia chrysanthemi and PEGylated forms of the drug were used to reduce the frequency of any of such adverse effects. This literature review provides current concepts on the mechanism of L-asparaginase dosage forms action, describes side effects associated with the use of this medication. We also present our own clinical case of L-asparaginase (obtained from Erwinia chrysanthemi) administration in ALL patient with allergic reaction to PEG-L-asparaginase
The use of balanced lowering method technology for bridge construction in cramped urban environments
No full textThe main trends in bridge building are: the implementation of new materials, the assimilation of novel technologies, and the construction time reduction. The new technologies assimilation is often associated with the need to build bridge structures in cramped conditions. Considered by the author balanced lowering method technology corresponds to these trends. The technology was developed at the Vienna Technical University, the main idea is to assemble the supporting elements in a vertical position with subsequent deployment to the design horizontal position.
To reduce the weight of the mounted elements, this technology uses thin-walled prestressed precast concrete units. After installing it in the design position, they perform the function of leave-in-place form and are cast in place directly on the construction site.
This technology was invented for high pier bridges to eliminate the erection and dismantling of temporary support but has recently been shown to be cost-effective for low pier bridges.
The advantage of this method is not only the construction time reduction and the free underbridge clearance presence but also the fact that the braces are not only a mechanism for turning the span into a horizontal position but also allow to reduce the estimated span length. The article discusses the bridge projects across the Lafnitz and Lahnbach rivers in Austria, as well as previous options for bridge projects. Particular emphasis in the work is placed on the bridge construction technology consideration, the main technological stages identification, as well as the performance features of certain works. The author presents recommendations on the application of this construction method
Clinical and Immunomorphological Characteristics of Lymphomatoid Papulosis Type E (Literature Review and Case Report)
No full textLymphomatoid papulosis (LP) is a rare variant of benign lymphoproliferative disease with skin involvement. Based on clinical, morphological, and immunobiological characteristics, WHO hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumor classification (2016) differentiates between several LP types: А, В, С, D, Е, and with 6p25.3 rearrangement. The present article reviews the literature on clinical course, pathomorphological, immunological, and biomolecular characteristics of LP in adults and children. For the first time in the domestic literature, it provides a case report of LP, type E, in a 2-year-old child. Differential diagnosis and optimal disease management of LP are also described in detail
L-аспарагиназа: новое об известном препарате
No full textThe history of asparaginase clinical use is inextricably linked to the improvement of treatment programs for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Asparaginase, obtained from E. coli, has become the crucial part in the protocols for the treatment of ALL in children and adults since the 1960s-1970s due to its antitumor effect on lymphoid leukemia cells. Despite the evolution of therapeutic approaches in ALL management, changes in used chemotherapeutic agents, their administration regimens and doses, the asparaginase remains one of the leading therapeutic agents in ALL patients. With time ideas about the asparaginase mechanisms have expanded, new data have been accumulated on adverse effects (allergic reactions, thrombotic complications, pancreatitis, hepatic dysfunction, etc.). The asparaginase obtained from Erwinia chrysanthemi and PEGylated forms of the drug were used to reduce the frequency of any of such adverse effects. This literature review provides current concepts on the mechanism of L-asparaginase dosage forms action, describes side effects associated with the use of this medication. We also present our own clinical case of L-asparaginase (obtained from Erwinia chrysanthemi) administration in ALL patient with allergic reaction to PEG-L-asparaginase.История клинического применения аспарагиназы неразрывно связана с совершенствованием программ лечения острого лимфобластного лейкоза (ОЛЛ). Благодаря противоопухолевому действию на лимфоидные лейкозные клетки, в 1960–1970-е гг. аспарагиназа, полученная от E. coli, стала неотъемлемой частью протоколов лечения ОЛЛ у детей и взрослых. По мере эволюции терапевтических подходов для ОЛЛ происходило изменение используемых химиопрепаратов, режима их введения и доз, но аспарагиназа всегда оставалась одним из основных терапевтических агентов при ОЛЛ. С годами расширялись представления о механизмах действия аспарагиназы, происходило накопление данных о неблагоприятных и побочных эффектах препарата (аллергические реакции, тромботические осложнения, панкреатиты, печеночные дисфункции и др.), для снижения частоты которых предпринимаются попытки использования аспарагиназы, полученной от Erwinia chrysanthemi, и пэгилированных форм препарата. В настоящем литературном обзоре приведены современные концепции по механизму действия лекарственных форм L-аспарагиназы, охарактеризованы побочные эффекты, ассоциированные с препаратом. Представлен собственный клинический пример по использованию L-аспа рагиназы, полученной от Erwinia chrysanthemi, у больного ОЛЛ с развившейся аллергической реакцией на препарат пэгилированной L-аспарагиназы
TERATOMA OF THE KIDNEY: A RARE CASE OF EXTRAGONADAL GERM CELL TUMOR
No full textFor the first time, a clinical observation of a rare case of a mature teratoma of the kidney in a child aged 5 months is presented in domestic literature. A literature review is given on this topic. The clinical picture, characteristic signs of a tumor during ultrasound and X-ray computed tomography, the results of a surgical procedure receive full coverage. Special attention is paid to the morphological characteristics of a mature teratoma
Possibilities of Predicting Methotrexate-associated Toxicity in Oncohematology Based on Molecular Genetic Testing Methods
No full textThe development of highly effective protocols for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) followed the path of escalation of doses of cytostatic agents and improvement of supportive care. Methotrexate (MTX), used in high doses (1000–5000 mg/m2), radically changed the results of treatment of ALL and NHL in children, increasing patient survival rates. The downside of the anti-tumor effect of MTX is its organ toxicity, and therefore the development of methods for predicting the development of toxic effects of MTX is an important scientific and practical task. In recent years, the genetic factors of the patient’s organism have been considered as one of the reasons for the individual variability of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of MTX. Abnormal function of folate cycle enzymes, methotrexate transporter proteins, due to gene polymorphism, may affect the effectiveness and toxicity of the drug. This review summarizes and analyzes the known genetic polymorphisms involved in MTX metabolism. The possibilities of predicting toxicity, as well as the prospects for individualizing therapy, taking into account the results of pharmacogenetic testing, are presented
Antileukemic impact of glucocorticoid use in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treatment
No full textGlucocorticoids (GC) are used as anti-inflammatory, immunosupressive and anti-tumor agents for several decades due to their ability to cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis induction but mechanism of action is not fully explored. Glucocorticoids play one of the key roles in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treatment and are at the forefront in induction and reinduction phases. The response of tumor clone to GC determines a risk group and prognosis. A number of mechanisms of antileukemic action and resistance factors will be describe in this article
Acute Myeloid Leukemia as Second Tumor in a Patient with Burkitt’s Lymphoma: Literature Review and a Case Report
No full textThe application of highly effective tumor treatment protocols in children and increasing number of patients healed resulted in a growing focus on long-term effects of chemotherapy. One of the most dangerous complications of a first malignant neoplasm (MN) is the development of second MNs. Cytostatic drugs of the epipodophyllotoxin group and alkylating agents contribute to secondary acute myeloid leukemias (AML), the rare and prognostically very unfavorable second MNs. The present article provides a review of literature on risks of secondary hematological MNs associated with the therapy of first tumors. It also contains a case report of successful treatment of AML which occurred after Burkitt’s lymphoma therapy
