3,257 research outputs found
Exploratory talk within collaborative small groups in mathematics
No full textThis report describes one aspect of a wider research study on exploratory talk within collaborative small groups in secondary mathematics lessons. It outlines students’ views of using collaborative activity to learn mathematics. The fuller research study explores the extent to which exploratory talk occurs in collaborative peer groups in secondary mathematics classrooms
Rethinking motivating operations: A reply to commentaries on Edwards, Lotfizadeh, and Poling (2019)
No full textAs we acknowledged in our initial article (Edwards, Lotfizadeh, & Poling, 2019), the MO concept as popularized by Michael and his supporters, which we hereafter call the “current” concept, has served behavior analysts rather well. For that reason, the revisions of the concept that we proposed in our initial article, no matter how slight, should be challenged. We are grateful to the commentators, most of whom trained with Michael, for exploring the limits of our reconceptualization and for raising issues that we failed to consider. Herein we address what we view as their primary concerns. It is not our goal to argue that they are wrong and we are right, but rather to further discourse in the hope that it helps behavior analysts better understand some of the factors that modulate certain aspects of behavior
A comparison of free access, multiple stimulus without replacement, and concurrent schedule preference assessment methods for evaluating food preference
No full textOutcomes from three preference assessment methods were examined in a study of food preference with goats. The methods used were: free access, multiple stimulus without replacement, and a concurrent schedule analysis. Results from each method were compared, in terms of the preference ranking they produced. Two male goats, one domesticated wild goat and one Saanen, were used as subjects in this study. Each method yielded similar results, although the concurrent schedule test provided more comprehensive information than either of the other methods. There was moderate agreement between the multiple stimulus without replacement and the concurrent schedule tests, however the free access procedure identified only the two most highly preferred items and provided limited information on preference level of the remaining food items. Five foods were tested in this experiment, all of different texture and composition – crushed maize, sheep and goat pellets, chopped lucerne, lucerne haylage, and timothy and lucerne haylage. During the free access, goats were given unrestricted access to a particular food for 12 seconds. During the multiple stimulus without replacement, goats were presented with all five foods simultaneously and allowed to make one choice. Once the subject had selected a food by pressing the respective cover with their muzzle, that cover was removed to allow access to that food only. When the subject stopped eating, the cover was replaced - subjects could then select another food. This process was repeated until either all five feeds had been sampled or goats had not made contact with any covers for fifteen seconds. The concurrent schedule test involved making two foods available concurrently. Food delivery was determined by a VI 60s schedule and controlled by a computer software program that was linked to the apparatus. The assessment procedure was arranged so that each food was tested alongside every other food. Data was analysed in terms of the proportion of time and responses allocated to each food. Proportion of time and responses varied considerably depending on the food that was available concurrently
Free Town Libraries, their Formation, Management, and History ; in Britain, France, Germany and America. ; Together with brief Notices of Book-collectors, and of the respective Places of Deposit of their surviving Collections
No full text« Document numérisé pour l\u27ENSSIB » - L\u27auteur de ce document, Edward Edwards, fut l\u27un des instigateurs et défenseurs des " Free Town Libraries " (bibliothèques municipales publiques) en Grande-Bretagne au milieu du XIXe siècle. Son ouvrage s\u27inscrit dans un contexte historique important pour le pays, faisant suite aux " Libraries Acts " de 1850, instaurant les bibliothèques publiques dans les villes anglaises. Edwards fut d\u27ailleurs le premier bibliothécaire de la bibliothèque publique de Manchester. L\u27objectif de son livre est de servir de manuel quant à l\u27organisation de ce type de bibliothèque et de promouvoir celui-ci plus largement. Dans un second temps, il vise à comparer les différents systèmes mis en place dans quelques pays étrangers, spécialement la France, l\u27Allemagne et les États-Unis. Composé de quatre livres, l\u27ouvrage offre une étude comparative des diverses expériences menées et s\u27appuie sur les textes législatifs, notamment en ce qui concerne la Grande-Bretagne. Cette oeuvre est fondamentale pour l\u27historien s\u27intéressant au développement des bibliothèques publiques au XIXe siècle. Elle est complétée par de précieuses notices sur les grands collectionneurs européens et américains (qui forment le quatrième livre)
Does the Current Account Matter?
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to investigate in detail the behavior of the current account in emerging economies, and in particular its role if any in financial crises. Models of current account behavior are reviewed, and a dynamic model of current account sustainability is developed. The empirical analysis is based on a massive data set that covers over 120 countries during more than 25 years. Important controversies related to the current account including the extent to which current account deficits help predict currency crises are also analyzed. Throughout the paper I am interested in analyzing whether there is evidence supporting the idea that there are costs involved in running 'very large' deficits. Moreover, I investigate the nature of these potential costs, including whether they are particularly high in the presence of other type of imbalances.
Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Black Sea: a test of depth-dependent stretching models
No full textSubsidence analysis of the eastern Black Sea basin suggests that the stratigraphy of this deep, extensional basin can be explained by a predominantly pure-shear stretching history. A strain-rate inversion method that assumes pure-shear extension obtains good fits between observed and predicted stratigraphy. A relatively pure-shear strain distribution is also obtained when a strain-rate inversion algorithm is applied that allows extension to vary with depth without assuming its existence or form. The timing of opening of the eastern Black Sea, which occupied a back-arc position during the closure of the Tethys Ocean, has also been a subject of intense debate; competing theories called for basin opening during the Jurassic, Cretaceous or Paleocene/Eocene. Our work suggests that extension likely continued into the early Cenozoic, in agreement with stratigraphic relationships onshore and with estimates for the timing of arc magmatism. Further basin deepening also appears to have occurred in the last 20 myr. This anomalous subsidence event is focused in the northern part of the basin and reaches its peak at 15–10 Ma. We suggest that this comparatively localized shortening is associated with the northward movement of the Arabian plate. We also explore the effects of paleowater depth and elastic thickness on the results. These parameters are controversial, particularly for deep-water basins and margins, but their estimation is a necessary step in any analysis of the tectonic subsidence record stored in stratigraphy. <br/
Why the Electoral College Is Bad for America Third Edition
No full textA new edition of the best†'known book critiquing the U.S. electoral college In this third edition of the definitive book on the unique system by which Americans choose a president-and why that system should be changed-George Edwards includes a new chapter focusing on the 2016 election. "As the U.S. hurtles toward yet another election in which the popular vote loser may become president, Edwards's book is essential reading. It clearly and methodically punctures myths about the Electoral College's benefits."-Richard L. Hasen, author of The Voting Wars "Supported by both history and data, George Edwards convincingly argues the Electoral College is anti†'democratic, anti†'equality, and anti†'common sense. We should dismantle it, and soon."-Kent Greenfield, author of Corporations Are People Too (And They Should Act Like It
Vann, Robert
No full textGuests at Liberty Ship Christening; L-R: Mr. McCaffrey, Mrs. Jessie Vann, Mr. Andrew Pettis, Mr. Einar Edwards, Mr. A. B. Sides and Mr. Timothy Creanhttps://dh.howard.edu/neg_mohwilliamson/1085/thumbnail.jp
N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester inhibits inflammatory liver injury induced by interleukin-2
No full textAdministration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) for treatment of metastatic disease often results in inflammatory liver injury. Previous studies have implicated increased leukocyte and platelet adhesion and enhanced nitric oxide production as causative factors in the development of IL-2-induced hepatic injury. This study investigated the capacity of N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, to limit IL-2-induced hepatic edema and hepatocellular damage in mice. Using hepatic intravital microscopy, we also examined the effects of L-NAME on IL-2-induced increases in leukocyte and platelet adhesion. Administration of IL-2 increased leukocyte and platelet adhesion in post-sinusoidal venules and decreased hepatic perfusion. Cotreatment with L-NAME had no effect on leukocyte adhesion but increased platelet-endothelial adhesion and microvascular thrombosis. Chronic IL-2 treatment induced hepatic edema and hepatocellular injury. However, coadministration of L-NAME attenuated IL-2-induced edema and completely inhibited hepatocellular damage. These findings suggest that nitric oxide may play a central role in IL-2-induced inflammatory liver injury.LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 8405628; 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (Interleukin-2); 10102-43-9 (Nitric Oxide); 50903-99-6 (NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester); EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase); EC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferases); EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Transaminase); ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
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