352 research outputs found
Cid Ricketts Sumner, author.
No full textCid Ricketts Sumner in camp, Eggert-Hatch River Expedition, 1955
Multi-walled carbon nanotube directed gene and protein expression in cultured human aortic endothelial cells is influenced by suspension medium
No full textAbstract not availableAchini K. Vidanapathirana, Xianyin Lai, Susana C. Hilderbrand, Josh E. Pitzer, Ramakrishna Podila, Susan J. Sumner, Timothy R. Fennell, Christopher J. Wingard, Frank A. Witzmann, Jared M. Brow
The metric tun : standardisation, quantification and industrialisation in the British brewing industry, 1760-1830
No full textThis thesis considers the British beer-brewing industry around 1800 as a case study exploring current themes in the history of science and technology: the imposition of
reliable standards, the use of instruments and quantities, and the nature of industrial growth. I begin by addressing Michael Combrune, author of the first thermometric
brewing account, showing the influence of Boerhaavian fermentation theory and the eighteenth-century agenda for "commercial chemistry" on his work: Combrune's
fellow brewers, however, did not generally rely on the chemical scheme of management he had established, developing instead highly localised thermometric
operations which did not challenge established understandings. Next, I consider the determination of beer strength, focusing here on the brewer John Richardson's
innovation of the saccharometer, a gravimetric philosophical instrument. I show how Richardson presented both the device and the quantity in which it was scaled, later termed the `brewer's pound, ' as offering brewery-specific advantages, in order to ensure its acceptance whilst at the same time denying its roots in the disputatious field of spirits hydrometry. Richardson did not achieve his wider goal of monopolist control over the device, but his project of saccharometric determination was widely taken up, contributing to a significant change in the composition of beer, as brewers moved from using traditional brown- malts to the saccharometrically preferable pales. This development is then reviewed in the context of an analysis of the identity of London porter, the staple brown beer of London: I investigate the relationship of porter's identity to the uniquely vast and industrialised plants which produced it. Finally, I highlight the ambiguous nature of appeals to `science' or `chemistry' before 1830 by discussing the widespread contemporary panic over adulteration, popularly assumed to
be practised by those who associated with chemists and did not pursue a `traditional' approach to brewing. This controversy was settled, I contend, only with the later
development of a common laboratory-analytical context between brewers, pharmacists and public analysts who were able to redefine the concept of adulteration itself
On the River, Cid Ricketts Sumner on boat.
No full textPhoto of author Cid Ricketts Sumner on a boat with the Eggert-Hatch river expedition down the Green and Colorado Rivers in 195
Split Mountain to Green River, Utah. [Cid Sumner on boat "Brontosaur," Green River, Utah]
No full textPhoto of author Cid Sumner, passenger on a raft at Green River, Utah, during the Eggert-Hatch expedition in 195
Efficient preservation of young terrestrial organic carbon in sandy turbidity-current deposits
No full text© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hage, S., Galy, V. V., Cartigny, M. J. B., Acikalin, S., Clare, M. A., Grocke, D. R., Hilton, R. G., Hunt, J. E., Lintern, D. G., McGhee, C. A., Parsons, D. R., Stacey, C. D., Sumner, E. J., & Talling, P. J. Efficient preservation of young terrestrial organic carbon in sandy turbidity-current deposits. Geology, 48(9), (2020): 882-887, doi:10.1130/G47320.1.Burial of terrestrial biospheric particulate organic carbon in marine sediments removes CO2 from the atmosphere, regulating climate over geologic time scales. Rivers deliver terrestrial organic carbon to the sea, while turbidity currents transport river sediment further offshore. Previous studies have suggested that most organic carbon resides in muddy marine sediment. However, turbidity currents can carry a significant component of coarser sediment, which is commonly assumed to be organic carbon poor. Here, using data from a Canadian fjord, we show that young woody debris can be rapidly buried in sandy layers of turbidity current deposits (turbidites). These layers have organic carbon contents 10× higher than the overlying mud layer, and overall, woody debris makes up >70% of the organic carbon preserved in the deposits. Burial of woody debris in sands overlain by mud caps reduces their exposure to oxygen, increasing organic carbon burial efficiency. Sandy turbidity current channels are common in fjords and the deep sea; hence we suggest that previous global organic carbon burial budgets may have been underestimated.We thank C. Johnson, M. Lardie, A. Gagnon, A. McNichol, and the NOSAMS (National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) team (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution [WHOI], Massachusetts, USA) for their help with ramped oxidation system and isotopes. We thank the captain and crew of CCGS Vector. Support was provided by UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grants NE/M007138/1 (to Cartigny) and NE/L013142/1 (to Talling), NE/P005780/1 and NE/P009190/1 (to Clare); a Royal Society Research Fellowship (to Cartigny); an International Association of Sedimentologists Postgraduate Grant and National Oceanography Centre Southampton–WHOI exchange program funds (to Hage); an independent study award from WHOI (to Galy); the Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science (CLASS) program (NERC grant NE/R015953/1); and the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant 725955, to Parsons). We thank François Baudin, Xingqian Cui, editor James Schmitt, and three anonymous reviewers
Can turbidites be used to reconstruct a paleoearthquake record for the central Sumatran margin?
No full textTurbidite paleoseismology aims to use submarine gravity flow deposits (turbidites) as proxies for large earthquakes, a critical assumption being that large earthquakes generate turbidity currents synchronously over a wide area. We test whether all large earthquakes generate synchronous turbidites, and if not, investigate where large earthquakes fail to do this. The Sumatran margin has a well-characterized earthquake record spanning the past 200 yr, including the large-magnitude earthquakes in 2004 (Mw 9.1) and 2005 (Mw 8.7). Sediment cores collected from the central Sumatran margin in 2009 reveal that surprisingly few turbidites were emplaced in the past 100–150 yr, and those that were deposited are not widespread. Importantly, slope basin deposits preserve no evidence of turbidites that correlate with the earthquakes in 2004 and 2005, although recent flow deposits are seen in the trench. Adjacent slope basins and adjacent pairs of slope basin and trench sites commonly have different sedimentary records, and cannot be correlated. These core sites from the central Sumatran margin do not support the assumption that all large earthquakes generate the widespread synchronous turbidites necessary for reconstructing an accurate paleoearthquake record
Editorial Board
No full textEditor-in Chief Barry F. Smith Business Manager Todd A. Hammer Technical Editor Gregory C. Black Note and Comment Editor Sherry J. Matteucci Associate Editors Monte D. Beck Ralph P. Kirscher Clarke B. Rice Virginia Bryan Sumner Staff Glenn A. Driveness Timothy D. Geiszler Kenneth T. Jarvi Michael F. Lamb Robert J. Law Danial N. McLean Sharon M. Morrison Susan R. Sharrock Randall A. Snyder John B. Spooner Erik B. Thueson Faculty Advisor Ronald C. Wyse Law Review Secretary Corrine Kirsche
Archaeological reconstruction illustrations: an analysis of the history, development, motivations and current practice of reconstructionil lustration, with recommendations for its future development.
No full textInitially, this study examines how archaeological reconstruction drawing evolved into its present form. Its development within the wider context of social and art history is traced from the 15th to the 201h century, with
particular attention to its various applications, and the motivations for its production. The result is a clearer understanding and definition of the present role and purposes of this branch of illustration. Secondly,the study examines how these purposes are achieved in
contemporary reconstruction artwork. By using an experiment in reconstruction, each component of the process is examined in turn: the design brief,illustrator, illustration and audience. The illustrations produced by the experiment are ranked according to performance, using
the aims of the reconstruction as criteria. Aspects are identified which appear to contribute to good performance,using the information obtained about the illustrations and illustrators. Finally, the results are reviewed as a whole to identify present and possible future trends that may be worth exploring, and to inform a set of proposed guidelines for the commissioning and production of archaeological reconstructions. At present, archaeological reconstruction artwork has received very little academic attention, and there appears to be no formal identification of its aims, agenda or working practice. This study provides the groundwork for rectifying this situation, and supplies new information in several dffferent areas
The effect of temperature on the fatty acids and isozymes of a psychrotrophic and two mesophilic species of Xenorhabdus, a bacterial symbiont of entomopathogenic nematodes
No full textIn the first part of this study, generation times relative to temperature, together with cardinal and conceptual temperatures, were determined for four strains of Xenorhabdus bacteria that represented three geographically distinct species. The data showed that the NF strain of Xenorhabdus bovienii, like the Umea strain of the same species, is psychrotrophic, while Xenorhabdus sp. TX strain resembles Xenorhabdus nematophila All strain in being mesophilic. In the second part, the capacity of these bacteria to adapt to changes in temperature, shown by changes in fatty acid composition, was investigated. As temperature declined, the proportions of the two major unsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic (16:1omega7) acid and oleic (18:1 pi9) acid, increased significantly in all of the strains. The proportion of the prevalent saturated fatty acid, which was palmitic acid (16:0), decreased. In the All, NF, and Umea strains, myristic acid (14:0), margaric acid (17:0), cyclopropane (17:0c), and arachidic acid (20:0) decreased with decreasing temperature. In the third part of the study, the synthesis of isozymes in response to changing temperature was investigated. For the seven enzymes studied, the numbers for which isozyme synthesis was temperature related were as follows: five for Umea, four for All, three for NF, and two for TX. Where the study dealt with fatty acid composition and isozyme synthesis, the results show a broad capacity for physiological temperature adaptation among strains of different climatic origin.PT: J; CR: AKHURST RJ, 1980, J GEN MICROBIOL, V121, P303 AKHURST RJ, 1982, J GEN MICROBIOL, V128, P3061 AKHURST RJ, 1990, ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEM, P75 BLIGH EG, 1959, CAN J BIOCH PHYSL, V37, P911 BOEMARE N, 1997, SYMBIOSIS, V22, P21 BOEMARE NE, 1988, J GEN MICROBIOL 3, V134, P751 DUNPHY GB, 1990, ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEM, P301 FISCHERLESAUX M, 1999, FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL, V29, P149 FISCHERLESAUX M, 1999, INT J SYST BACTERI 4, V49, P1645 FODOR E, 1997, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V63, P2826 FORST S, 1996, MICROBIOL REV, V60, P21 GERHARDT P, 1994, METHODS GEN MOL BACT GOW JA, 1984, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V47, P213 GREWAL PS, 1994, J THERM BIOL, V19, P245 GWYNN RL, 1994, IOBC WPRS WORKING GR, V17, P120 HATAB MAA, 1997, J APPL MICROBIOL, V82, P351 HE HJ, 2000, CAN J MICROBIOL, V46, P618 HEBERT PDN, 1989, METHODOLOGIES ALLOZY JAGDALE GB, 1996, J NEMATOL, V28, P301 JAGDALE GB, 1997, CAN J ZOOL, V75, P2137 JAGDALE GB, 1997, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V118, P1151 JAGDALE GB, 1997, J THERM BIOL, V22, P245 JAGDALE GB, 1998, FUND APPL NEMATOL, V21, P177 JAGDALE GB, 1998, FUNDAM APPL NEMATOL, V20, P147 KAYA HK, 1990, ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEM, P93 LAWRENCE JV, 1977, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V33, P482 LEHNINGER AI, 1979, BIOCHEMISTRY LIN JJ, 1995, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V68, P114 MARCUS NH, 1977, COMP BIOCH PHYSL, V58, P109 NEALSON KH, 1990, ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEM, P271 RATKOWSKY DA, 1982, J BACTERIOL, V149, P1 SMART GC, 1995, J NEMATOL S, V27, P529 SOKAL RR, 1995, BIOMETRY PRINCIPLES, P242 SUMNER JL, 1969, J GEN MICROBIOL, V59, P215 SUUTARI M, 1994, CRIT REV MICROBIOL, V20, P285 YAMAWAKI H, 1979, COMP BIOCH PHYSL B, V62, P89; NR: 36; TC: 0; J9: CAN J MICROBIOL; PG: 10; GA: 430QZSource type: Electronic(1
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