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Timms, J R, VX31040
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/421649Surname: TIMMS. Given Name(s) or Initials: J R. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: VX31040. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 5659.246364
Item: [2016.0049.53910] "Timms, J R, VX31040
Parartemia bicorna Timms, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textParartemia bicorna sp. nov. (Figs. 4,7,8) Parartemia sp x, Timms et al., 2006, p 181, Table 5; Timms and Hudson, 2009, p 58. Etymology. The specific epithet, bicorna, celebrates the prominent twin anterior processes of the male, vaguely akin to the head spine of the fabled unicorn, but with two instead of one horn. These process are somewhat larger than in other known species of Parartemia; some like P. contracta may have longer processes, but these are generally narrow and bent, while those in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. are straight and robust, and hence instantly noticeable. Holotype. Male, Lake Carey, 27.5 km south of Laverton, Wallaby Mine discharge, (28 o 52 ’ 03”S, 122 o 19 ’ 25 ”E), 11 March 2004, B. Timms, WAM 45214. Allotype. Female (ovigerous) same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45215, Paratypes. Two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45216; two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, AM P 82973. Other material. Seven males, six females, Lake Carey, ‘Salinaland’ (ie.northeast corner), (28 o 49 ’ 58 ”S, 122 o 16 ’ 16 ”E), 11 March 2004, B.V. Timms, WAM 45217; ten males, ten females, Lake Carey, Causeway area, (29 o 18 ” 53 ”S, 122 o 34 ’ 05”E), 17 February 2006, B. Datson, WAM 45218; seven males, eight females, Lake Carey, inlet into ‘Salinaland’, (28 o 48 ’ 42 ”S, 122 o 15 ’ 6 ”E), B. Datson, WAM 45219; nine males, 2 females, Lake Carey, ‘Salinaland’ (ie.northeast corner), (28 o 49 ’ 58 ”S, 122 o 16 ’ 16 ”E), 6 December 2008, B. Datson, WAM 45220. Description. Male. Length 19.8 mm (head + thorax + genital segments 8.3 mm and abdomen 11.5 mm). First antenna (Fig 8 A) filiform, about twice as long as eye plus peduncle. Second antenna. Basal antennomere of second antenna (Fig 8 A) fused proximally at about right angles to body axis and protruding a similar width to first antenna. Ventral margin of second antenna with paired linear ventral processes (Fig 8 A) bearing numerous closely spaced minute denticles apically. Overall dimensions of these processes about 2.5 times longer than average width, with lateral edge about half length of medial edge. Lateral edge broadly rounded but medial edge folded anteriorly to about one fifth of ventral process length; fold widest at about two-thirds length of the ventral process. Medial edge of ventral process bulges into the medial space between the processes, maximally at about half its height. Posterior base of lateral edge of ventral process with an indistinct conical mound with a few small denticles. Medial process digitiform, length slightly less than half the height of the ventral process medial edge. Anterior surface of proximal antennomeres with a prominent conical anterior process (Fig 8 A) on each half, with a large free apical half about the length of the ventral process. Distal antennomeres (Fig. 8 A) of second antenna about twice length of basal antennomere, curved, with a mesial tumidity and tapering to a sharp apex. Labrum lacking a spine. Thoracic segments (Fig 8 B) with lateral lobes progressively increasing in size T 1 to T 11 and then with smaller lobes on the two genital segments. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, variable in size, with first two noticeably reduced in size and last few a little smaller. Fifth thoracopod similar to that of Parartemia longicaudata. Endite 1 + 2 with 1 + 2 anterior setae and ca. 25 posterior setae, endite 3 with 2 and ca 16 setae respectively, endite 4 with 2 and 3, endite 5 with 2 and 2 and endite 6 with 1 and 2 setae respectively. These setae of similar relative lengths to those of P. acidiphila (Timms and Hudson, 2009, Fig 2). Endopodite squarish with broadly rounded corners and bearing ca, 6 one-sided pectinate posterior setae medially and ca. 24 feathered posterior setae terminally and laterally. Exopodite elongate oval and bearing ca. 36 posterior setae, similar to most on the endopodite. All these posterior setae with a basal coronet of ca. 8 small spines. Epipodite oval shaped and praeepipodite elongated oval shaped, both unadorned. Gonopods (Fig 8 C) paired, basal parts fused together and about twice the diameter of apical free portions. Free apical part basally with a triangular process with an asymmetrical apex and a subapical digitiform process, about a third the length of the basal process. No type specimens with the gonopod everted. Abdominal segment s increasing in length and narrowing posteriorly from 1 to 6, particularly 5 and 6, so that last segment about twice the length of the first. Cercopods fringed with long setae on lateral and medial edges; length subequal to 6 th abdominal segment. Female. Length 14 mm (head + thorax+ genital segments 7.2 mm, abdomen 6.8 mm). Head (Fig 8 D) with first antenna filiform and length subequal to eye plus peduncle. Second antenna subcylindrical but with a markedly narrower recurred apex; antenna a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Naupliar eye distinct and midway between compound eyes. Labrum with a prominent recurved spine. Thorax (Fig 8 E) without dorsal or lateral tumidities, but thoracic segment 9 with a prominent lateral lamellar lobe extending posteriolaterally to segments 10 and 11. Segments anterior to ninth with small lateral lobes, biggest on segment 8. Lateral and posterior edges of the segment 9 lamellar lateral lobe sclerotized; dorsum of segment 11 also sclerotized and with a minor round protuberance laterally. Brood pouch lying laterally to the genital segments, each with anterior edge sclerotized, rounded and adpressed against the posterior edge of the lateral lamellar lobe of segment 9. Each brood pouch half pyriform and joined ventrally to a gonopore on a short tubular process. Eggs round and smooth-surfaced at low magnifications. Ten thoracopod pairs, with first half the size of the others and the last three a little shorter. Eleventh thoracic segment without appendages. Thoracopods 2–7 similar to those of male though proportions slightly different, most noticeably the broader than long endopodite. First thoracopod (Fig 7 C) of very different proportions than in standard Parartemia thoracopod. Endopodite almost round, exopodite small and oval shaped, epipodite oval shaped and praeepipodite sausage shaped. Endopodite and exopodite with fewer posterior setae than usual, namely about 14 and 20 respectively. Endites 1 + 2 and 3 of normal relative size and setation, but endites 4 to 6 very different; all three lack posterior setae and 4 and 5 bear elongated bent anterior setae with apical twofifths with a double pectin. Thoracopod 10 (Fig 7 D) is different again, lacking the epipodite and praeepipodite and with a reduced rounded endopodite (posterior setae reduced to 2 on medial surface and ca. 12 on terminal and lateral edges), but exopodite more typical (and with ca 24 posterior setae). Endites 1 + 2 and 3 bear typical anterior setae, but few posterior setae (ca. 12 and 3 respectively). Endites 4 to 6 without posterior setae and anterior setae reduced to one each with those of endite 4 and 5 longer than usual. Abdominal segments papillate, otherwise proportions as in males. Variability. Body lengths in the study material vary up to 20.4 mm in males and 14.2 mm in females. Fusion of the basal antennomeres is sometimes not at right angles to body axis, but as low as 75 o. The distinctive frontal processes are only fully developed in mature males. The fold on the medial edge of the ventral processes sometimes has a distinct point mid length and reaching almost to the ventral edge of the process. The ventral conical mound at the base of the lateral edge of the ventral processes is indistinct in many specimens. The main variability on females concerns the area between the lateral edge of segment 9 and the forward extension of the brood pouch: in some specimens there is a hook-like structure pointing forward or at least a small outgrowth laterally. In a few specimens the dorsal integument of segment 11 is only weakly sclerotized. The second antennae do not always terminate in a thin curved point, but may be more mamilliform. Differential diagnosis. Male P. bicorna sp. nov. is most similar to males of P. serventyi and to a lesser extent to males of P. informis. Distal antennomeres in both P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. and P. serventyi are identical, both with a characteristic mesial tumidity. Anterior, ventral and medial processes are almost identical in the two species, but there are three minor differences: (a) the anterior processes in mature P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. are more robust, being 1.25: 1 longer than wide, whereas in P. serventyi the ratio is closer to 1.5: 1, (b) the fold on the medial edge of the ventral processes is more pronounced in P. bicorna sp. nov., and (c) the ventral conical mounds on the base of the lateral margin of the ventral processes, if present, are small compared with those in P. serventyi which are larger and separate from the ventral processes. There is a more obvious difference between the two species in the lateral lobes of the thorax and genital segments―those of P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. show a gentle gradient in size with lobes of the 11 th thoracic segment just the greatest, whereas in P. serventyi, the lobe on the 11 th thoracic segment is at least twice the size of that of the 10 th segment or first genital segment. The difference between P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. and P. informis is more pronounced. The anterior processes are much shorter in P. informis than in P. bicorna sp. nov., and the ventral processes lack a medial fold in P. informis compared to a fold being present in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. Two minor differences are in the lateral corner of the frontal processes which is rounded in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. but square in P. informis and in the number of spines in the basal coronet of the endopodal setae: 20 in P. informis. Also there are more anterior setae on the endites 1 to 3, the endopod and the exopod in P. informis, but this could be because P. informis is generally larger (often> 30 mm) than P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. (usually <20mm). Males of P. bicorna sp. nov. also resemble the males of P. contracta to some degree in that the anterior and ventral processes are broadly similar. However the anterior processes are usually thin and bent in P. contracta compared to being stout and triangular in P. bicorna sp. nov. and the ventral processes lack a medial fold in P. contracta. Another difference is the lack of a mesial tumidity in the distal antennomeres of P. contracta. Among females there can be no confusion between P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. and P. serventyi. The later has a marked medial bulge on the dorsal surface of the 8 th thoracic segment and no lateral plate on segment 9, whereas P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. has no bulges on segment 8 and has a lateral plate on segment 9. Likewise P. contracta is different in that the lateral lobe of segment 9 terminates in a point posteriolaterally and does not envelop segments 10 and 11, whereas in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. the lateral lobe of segment 9 envelops segments 10 and 11 and terminates in a rounded posterior edge. Female P. bicorna sp. nov. are most similar to female P. informis. Both have a lateral lamellar lobe on segment 9 enveloping segments 10 and 11 and both have laterally bulging brood chambers. There are two lateral papillae on the dorsum in the enclosure, but on thoracomere 10 in P. informis and thoracomere 11 in P. bicorna sp. nov. The lateral extension of thoracomere 9 is wider than long in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. and narrower than wide in P. informis. Should the specimens be appropriately preserved there is a moderate budge medially on segment 9 in P. informis, but not in P. bicorna sp. nov. Distribution and ecology. To date, P. bicorna sp. nov. has been found only in Lake Carey, near Laverton in the northern goldfields of Western Australia (Timms, et al., 2006, 2009) (Fig. 4). It occurs only in the main lake and sometimes shares this with Parartemia laticaudata sp. nov., an inhabitant of salinas around the lake and pools in inflowing creeks and elsewhere in northern Western Australia (Timms et al., 2006, 2009), and also with Branchinella simplex (Timms et al., 2006). Field salinity range is 22–105 g /L and it occurs in any season after rain fills part or all of the lake (Timms et al., 2006; B. Datson, pers. comm.). Given it is restricted to just Lake Carey, Timms et al. (2009) suggest it should be given Priority One status under the Western Australian Department of Conservation’s priority species listing process.Published as part of Timms, Brian V, 2010, Six new species of the brine shrimp Parartemia Sayce 1903 (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina) in Western Australia, pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 2715 on pages 14-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19970
Parartemia purpurea Timms, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textParartemia purpurea sp. nov. (Figs 4,7,11) Parartemia n sp a Timms and Savage, 2004, p 22, 28; Timms 2009. Etymology. This species is named for the distinct purple colouration of mature females, the name being derived from the Latin purpurea meaning purple. Holotype. One male, 44 km NNE of Esperance, unnamed lake on Dempster Rd, (33 o 28 ’ 58 ”S, 122 o 00’ 38 ”E), 8 October 2008; BVT, WAM 45235. Allotype. One female, same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45236. Paratypes. Two males, two females, some collecting data as holotype, WAM 45237; two males, two females, same collecting data as holotype, AM 82976. Other material. 10 males, 10 females, 23.5 km E of Scaddan, unnamed lake on East Lignite Rd, (33 o 19 ’ 28 ”S, 121 o 58 ’ 17 ”E), 2 August 2005, BVT, WAM 45238; 10 females, 38 km N of Esperance, unnamed lake on south side of Speddingup Rd, (33 o 31 ’ 01”S, 121 o 52 ’ 21 ”E), 8 October 2008, BVT, WAM 45239; 10 males, 10 females, all immature, 64.5 km NE of Esperance near Kau Rock, unnamed pond, (33 o 24 ’ 32 ”S, 122 o 20 ’ 00”E), 9 October 2008, BVT, WAM 45240; 10 males, 10 females, 80 km NE of Esperance in Beaumont Nature Reserve, unnamed lake, (33 o 27 ’ 37 ”S, 122 o 36 ’ 43 ”E), 5 September 2004, BVT, WAM 45241. Description. Male. Length 21.5 mm (head plus thorax 7 mm, abdomen 14.5 mm) First antenna (Fig. 11 A) filiform, a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Second antenna. Basal antennomeres (Fig. 11 A) fused at about 75 o to body axis. Ventral margin with paired ventral processes (Fig. 11 A) about 3 times longer than deep, with distoventral corner rounded but not protruding and medioventral corner sharp, almost a right angle. Ventral process margin with well spaced minute spines, also a few such spines on dorsal surface of the processes. Medial margin of ventral processes about 1.2 times longer than lateral margin. Medial space between ventral processes narrow with parallel margins and terminating basally in a short notch. Ventrolaterally just lateral to basodistal margin of the ventral process a raised circular area, the conical mound, with numerous minute spines. Anterior processes (Fig. 11 A) small, blunt triangular, about one quarter depth of ventral processes. Distal antennomere (Fig. 11 A) almost twice as long as basal antennomere, curved medially, cylindrical and tapering to a sharp apex. Labrum lacking a spine. Thoracomeres (Fig 10 B) enveloped laterally in small fused lobes to form a narrow lateral flange along whole length of thorax. Thorax widest at thoracomeres 10 to 11, with lobe on first genital as wide as lobe on T 11 anteriorly, but markedly narrowing posteriorly. No lobe on second genital segment. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, with first two reduced in size and last without an epipodite. Fifth thoracopod typical for the genus. Gonopods (Fig. 11 C) fused basally. Each apical free portion with a short hooked digitiform process inserted ventrolaterally at about three quarters the length of the free portion. No basal spine. A paratype with gonopod everted (Fig. 11 D)— everted part a little longer than free basal portion, consisting of a basal wide cylindrical component and a tubular distal part of two diameters, a middle section narrower than basal tube and an apical, very narrow apical section. Whole expanded section naked except for a two recurved spines on a single base posteriolaterally on the wide cylindrical component. Abdomen long, 2.1 times head plus thorax. Segments increasing in length and but hardy decreasing in diameter sequentially 1 to 6, with sixth 2.2 times the length and but only marginally narrower than first segment. Telson inflated and not clearly demarked from sixth abdominal segment and cercopods about length of fourth abdominal segment and clothed with setae medially and laterally. Female. 11 mm (head plus thorax 6.7 mm, abdomen 4.3 mm). In life, mature females coloured a deep purple, with the brood chambers a lesser intense colour. Head (Fig. 11 E) with first antenna filiform and slightly shorter than length of eye plus peduncle. Second antenna a little longer than twice eye plus peduncle length, somewhat flattened, and narrowing evenly to a sharp apex. Labrum with a prominent recurved spine. Thoracomeres (Fig. 11 F,G) 1 – 6 and 8 normal, thoracomere 7 with a lateral tumidity, thoracomeres 9 and 10 each with a dorsolateral lamella, with a sclerotized and denticulate margin. Dorsolateral lamella of thoracomere 9 asymmetrical, narrow dorsally and widest ventrolaterally and with subsidiary ventrolateral lamella, while lamella of segment 10 more symmetrical and more ventrolateral. Thoracomere 11 somewhat reduced. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, 2 nd and 10 th pairs a little shorter than most, 1 st about half size and 11 th reduced to just a pair of stubs bearing a few spines. First thoracopod (Fig. 7 J) with all normal components, but endopod and particularly exopod reduced, so that both have fewer posterior seate than normal and exopod just protruding beyond endopod. Normal anterior setae, and with basal anterior setae of endite 4 enlarged, longer than adjacent posterior setae. Fifth thoracopod of normal construction for Parartemia and similar to that in males. Tenth thoracopod (Fig. 7 K) with most structures reduced, particularly endites 1 + 2 and 3, endopod and praeepipodite, and with epipodite lacking. Exopodite of normal relative size and projecting well beyond the endopodite. Anterior setae of endites all present, but reduced in size. Eleventh thoracopod (Fig. 7 L) a stub with terminally what appears to be a very reduced endopod with five setae, and medially two protuberances, the distal one with two setae and a basal greater naked protuberance. These protuberances could be endites. Brood pouch (Fig. 11 F,G) lateral lobes oval structures in dorsal view but more quadrahedral laterally, and connected ventrally, with a posteriorly directed gonopore, borne on a tubular projection. Abdomen segments typical for Parartemia, i.e. segments increase in length and decrease in diameter sequentially from segments 1 to 6. Surface denticulate. Variability. Mature males vary in length from 16 to 23 mm. The basal antennomeres are fused at various angles, probably influenced by preservation, of 60–80 o to body axis and while the frontal processes seem always to be small, blunt and triangular, the ventral processes vary so that the distoventral corner may protrude a little and the medial space varies from being almost closed to being open by a distance up to about one third the depth of the ventral processes. The medial margins of the ventral processes may not always be parallel, but occasionally are V-shaped or uneven. However, the angle of near 90 o on the medioventral corner of the ventral processes varies little. The raised spinose area ventrolaterally to the basodistal margin of the ventral processes may be expressed as a conical mound or may be hardly present. The flange on the thoracic margins is generally present, but its widest part may be at thoracomere 10 or occasionally 11, i.e. more posterior than at thoracomere 8–9. Abdomen length varies from 1.25 to 2.33 times head plus thorax length (average of 1.78 in 10 specimens). This length is due in part to the relatively long 6 th segment which on average is 2.1 times length of 1 st segment. The first ratio is greater than for P. longicaudata and the second only a little less than in P. longicaudata, the species supposedly with an extraordinary long abdomen (see earlier). Mature females range in length from 9.6 to 11.2 mm, and while opaque white in preservation, in life are almost always a deep purple. The lateral tumidities on thoracomere 7 while usually prominent, are sometimes deflated and not noticeable. The lateral lamellae of thoracomere 9 and 10 vary in development, but the lamella of thoracomere 9 is always larger than that of thoracomere 10 and more dorsal in position. Differential diagnosis. P. purpurea sp. nov. males are most similar to P. zietziana due to their broadly similar ventral processes and the shape of the medial area between these processes. However P. zietziana has digitiform anterior processes compared to short conical processes in P. purpurea sp. nov. The lateral and medial margins of the ventral processes are of similar length in P. zietziana, but the medial margin is about 1.2 times longer than lateral margin in P. purpurea sp. nov. The ventrolateral area at the basodistal margin of the ventral processes is different in the two species: in P. purpurea sp. nov. it is raised and very spinous, but in P. zietziana it hardly present, if at all. Finally the abdomen is relatively longer in most specimens of P. p u r p u re a sp. nov. (1.78 times) than in P. zietziana (1.30 in 10 specimens). The two species have different distributions separated by the Nullarbor Plain – P. zietziana occurs in central lowland Tasmania, southern Victoria, and southern South Australia to as far west as the eastern Eyre Peninsula, while P.purpurea sp. nov. occurs in the Esperance hinterland area of Western Australia (Timms et al., 2009). Females are distinct from all other species due to the lack of dorsal swellings and horizontal lateral lobes on various thoracic segments, and the presence of lateral swellings on thoracomere 7 and vertical lateral flaps on thoracomere 9 and 10. Furthermore it is unusual in Parartemia females to have a vestige of thoracopod 11 as P. p u r p u re a sp. nov. does; closest species in this character is P. acidiphila with 3 terminal setae, P. laticaudata sp. nov. with two terminal spines and P. longicaudata with a subterminal spine. Distribution and ecology. P. purpurea sp. nov. occurs in alkaline saline lakes in the Esperance hinterland, from about Grass Patch-Scadden eastwards for about 90 km to Beaumont Nature Reserve (Timms et al., 2009)(Fig. 4). It occurs over a salinity range of 20 to 235 g /L and in lakes with pH varying from 6.9 to 10.4 (Timms, 2009 b; Timms et al., 2009). Generally it occurs in late winter- spring as lakes fill with winterspring rains, reproduces in September and October with purple coloured females actively swimming in the shallows and depositing eggs. Occasionally summer rains fill the lakes, in which case P. purpurea sp. nov. responds as it does to a winter filling (Timms, 2009 b). Females are easily predated upon by waders (mainly Stilts, Avocets) as they swim conspicuously in shallow waters, so that sex ratios can become very biased towards males which tend to stay in deeper waters (author, unpublished observations). Presently it is common throughout this area as few lakes are salinised.Published as part of Timms, Brian V, 2010, Six new species of the brine shrimp Parartemia Sayce 1903 (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina) in Western Australia, pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 2715 on pages 24-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19970
Parartemia boomeranga Timms, 2010, sp.nov.
No full textParartemia boomeranga sp.nov. (Figs. 4,6,7) Parartemia n sp c Timms & Savage, 2004, p 22, 26, 35. Etymology. The specific name is suggested by the boomerang-shaped thick area (short arms at an angle and thickened mid region) on the medial surface of the ventral processes. These fit snugly against the female 11 th thoracopod semispherical bases in amplexus. Holotype. One male, unnamed lake on Gunyidi - Wubin Road, 15.5 km E of Gunyidi, (30 o 07’ 08”S, 116 o 14 ’ 36 ”E), 14 September 2003, BVT, WAM 45211. Allotype. One female, same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45212. Paratypes. Two males, two females, some collecting data as holotype, WAM 45213; two males, two females, same collecting data as holotype, AM P 82972. Description. Male. Length 22.2 mm (head plus thorax 9.1 mm, abdomen 13.1 mm). First antenna (Fig 6 A) filiform, about 1.5 times length of eye plus peduncle. Second antenna. Basal antennomeres (Fig 6 A) fused at an angle of about 45 o from body axis. Ventral margin with paired ventral processes (Fig 6 A) about 2.5 times longer than deep. Distoventral corner of ventral processes broadly rounded and slightly protruding, ventral margin weakly concave and medial margin curved asymmetrically with maximum protrusion about two thirds distance from ventral margin and inner margin well indented into the ventral process, so that whole medial portion of the ventral process unsupported from the ventral margin of the basal antennomere. However this portion with a boomerang-shaped thickened area. Lateral and ventral margins of ventral process clothed with well spaced small spines. Medial area between ventral processes concave. Anterior processes (Fig 6 A) digitiform, small and length about equal to depth of ventral processes. Distal antennomere (Fig 6 A) about twice length of basal antennomere, generally curved medially and tapering to a sharp apex, but apical portion convexly curved and with a tumidity mesially. Thoracic segments with small lateral lobes, increasing in size posteriorly and reaching a maximum on segment 11. Lateral bulge on first genital segment even greater than 11 th lobe, so that maximum body width in genital segments. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, with first two reduced in size and last without an epipodite. Gonopods (Fig 6 B) fused basally. Each free apical portion with a basal sharp spine and a ventrolateral short digitiform process at about two-thirds the length of the appendage. Abdomen with segments increasing in length and decreasing in diameter sequentially 1 to 6, with sixth 1.75 times length and half the diameter of first segment. Female. Length 15.3 mm (head plus thorax 9 mm, abdomen 6.3 mm). Head (Fig 6 C) with first antenna filiform, a little shorter than eye plus peduncle. Second antenna somewhat longer than length of eye plus peduncle, flattened, with parallel sides and a round symmetrical apex bearing a short narrow and pointed appendix. Distinct naupliar eye midway between bases of first antenna. Labrum with a recurved spine. Thoracic segments (Figs. 6 D,E) 1–7 normal, segment 8 with a trapezoid dorsum and small lateral lobes, segment 9 with a prominent dorsal swelling and larger lateral lobes, segment 10 reduced with a narrow dorsum and apparently no lateral lobes and segment 11 with a less reduced dorsum and large lobes extended posteriolaterally into a triangular extension and ventrally into a rounded swelling. Dorsal surfaces of segments 10 and 11 sclerotized. Most thoracopods as in male. First thoracopod (Fig 7 A) reduced in size but hardly in relative size of component parts. Both basal anterior basal setae of endites 4 and 5 elongated. Tenth thoracopod (Fig 7 B) also reduced in size and in relative size of components. Endites 1 + 2 and 3 small and with few posterior setae, exopodite semi-oval, basal anterior seta of endite 4 long, but other anterior setae of normal relative lengths. No 11 th thoracopod, but distinct base in the form of a semispherical mound. Anterior edge of first genital segment (Figs. 6 D,E) a collar with a lateral protrusion reaching anteriorly over lobe of 11 th thoracic segment. Brood pouch (Figs. 6 D,E) wider than long, so that whole structure approaches three times width: length. Anteriolateral and posteriolateral corners prominent and a shallow groove between them. Lobes joined ventrally into a short tubular structure, directected posteriorly bearing the gonopore. FIGURE 7. Female thoracopods. A, P. boomeranga sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; B, P. boomeranga sp. nov. 10 th thoracopod; C, P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod, length; D, P. b i c o r n a n. sp 10 th thoracopod; E, P. laticaudata sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; F, P. laticaudata sp. nov. 10 th thoracopod; G, P. laticaudata sp. nov. 11 th thoracopod; H, P. mouritzi sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; I, P. mouritzi sp. nov. 10 th thoracopod; J, P. purpurea sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; K, P. purpurea sp. nov. 10 th thoracopod; L. P. purpurea sp. nov. 11 th thoracopod; M, P. ve ro n ic a e sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; N, P. veronicae sp. nov., 10 th thoracopod. For further explanation on the thoracopods see legend of Fig. 3. Differential diagnosis. This species is most similar to P. longicaudata, and indeed in an early key (Timms, 2004), males of the two species were inseparable. However, there are a number of minor differences: (a) the ventral processes are proportionally longer in P. boomeranga sp. nov., (b) the medial edge of the ventral processes is much more convex (boomerang shaped) in P. boomeranga sp. nov. than in P. longicaudata, (c) the medial thickened area in the ventral processes in P. longicaudata is almost straight, while in P. boomeranga sp. nov. it is boomerang shaped, (d) the distal antennomere is evenly concavely curved in P. longicaudata, but in P. boomeranga sp. nov. it is unevenly curved because it is thickened midlength and has outwardly curved apices, (e) the sixth abdominal segment is> twice the length of the first in P. longicaudata, but <twice in P. boomeranga sp. nov., (f) the basal spine of the gonopod is curved in P. longicaudata but straight in P. boomeranga sp. nov. and (g) the distal spine is sited about half way along the gonopod in B. longicaudata but two-thirds the distance in P. boomeranga sp. nov. While females of the two species (P. longicaudata, P. boomeranga sp. nov.) share some important characteristics, e.g. the segment 9 large dorsal tumidity and its large lateral lobes, segments 10 and 11 are dorsally sclerotized in both, and there are large ventrolateral tumidities on segment 11 in both. However there are many differences: (a) the first antenna are longer than the eye plus peduncle, and the narrow apical portion of the second antenna is longer than antenna width in P. longicaudata, as opposed to the first antenna being shorter than the eye plus peduncle, and narrow apical portion of second antenna being shorter than its width in P. boomeranga sp. nov., (b) thoracic segment 8 lacks a lateral lobe in P. longicaudata, but has one in P. boomeranga sp. nov., (c) segment 10 is larger than segment 11 in P. longicaudata, but relative size is reversed on P. boomeranga sp. nov., (d) in P. boomeranga sp. nov. segment 11 has large lateral lobes extended posteriorly in triangular projections, and (e) the brood pouch is generally trapezoid in P. longicaudata, but rectangular in P. boomeranga sp. nov. Distribution and ecology. P. boomeranga sp. nov. is known from only a few lakes in a narrow band northeast of Perth from near Gunyidi to Wubin to Kalannie to Cunderin (Timms et al., 2009)(Fig. 4). Most of its known sites are salinised and extant populations have not been located 2006–2008, leading Timms et al. 2009) to suggest this species be listed as Vulnerable under ICUN criteria. Little is known of its ecological requirements, other than a maximum salinity record of 120 g /L (Timms et al. 2009).Published as part of Timms, Brian V, 2010, Six new species of the brine shrimp Parartemia Sayce 1903 (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina) in Western Australia, pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 2715 on pages 11-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19970
Branchinella hearnii Timms, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textBranchinella hearnii sp. nov. Figs. 1 F, 5 B, 7. Etymology. This species is named for Roger Hearn of Manjimup, who first collected this species from Little Unicup Lake, near Lake Muir in southwest Western Australia in 2005 and then displayed beautiful live specimens to the staff and myself as a visiting scientist at the Department of Environment and Conservation’s aquatic laboratory at Wanneroo. Type locality. Western Australia, ca. 12 km N of Lake Muir, Little Unicup Lake, 34 o 19 ’ 46.9 ”S, 116 o 42 ’ 51.8 ”E, 19 August 2009, BVT Holotype. Male deposited in the Western Australian Museum. Total length: 28 mm Accession number: WAM C 49896. Allotype. Female. Total length: 28 mm. Accession number: WAM C 49897. Paratypes. 1 male, 5 females same data, WAM C 49898; 2 male, 7 females, Western Australia, ca. 10 km N of Lake Muir and 1 km S of Unicup Lake, ‘Branchinella’ Lake, 34 o 21 ’ 41 ”S, 116 o 43 ’ 22 ”E, 6 October 2008, BVT, WAM C 49899. Other Material. Numerous juveniles, Western Australia, ca. 12 km N of Lake Muir, Little Unicup Lake, 34 o 19 ’ 46.9 ”S, 116 o 42 ’ 51.8 ”E, 5 September 2007, R. Hearn, WAM C 49900; 1 male 9 females, Western Australia, ca. 14 km N of Lake Muir, Tolkerup West Lake, 34 o 19 ’ 59.4 ”S, 116 o 43 ’ 21.1 ”E, 6 September 2007, R. Hearn, WAM C 49901; 1 male, 1 female, Western Australia, ca. 10 km N of Lake Muir and 1 km S of Unicup Lake, ‘Branchinella’ Lake, 34 o 21 ’ 41 ”S, 116 o 43 ’ 22 ”E, 2 November 2007, R. Hearn, WAM C 49902; 12 juveniles, Western Australia, ca 18 km N of Lake Muir, ‘Cricket Ground Lake,’ 34 o 16 ’ 17.5 ”S, 116 o 42 ’ 03.8”E, 4 September 2008, R. Hearn, WAM C 49903; 2 males, 4 females, Western Australia, ca. 14 km N of Lake Muir, Tolkerup West Lake, 34 o 19 ’ 59.4 ”S, 116 o 43 ’ 21.1 ”E, 6 October 1908, BVT, WAM C 49904; many juveniles, 2.4 km SW of Watheroo, ‘Bentonite Lake,’ 30 o 18 ’ 46 ” S, 116 o 02’ 33 ”E, 5 September 2009, BVT, WAM C 49905; 6 males, 2 females, 4.7 km W of Coomberdale, 30 o 28 ’ 02”S, 115 o 59 ’ 18 ”E, 6 September, 2009, BVT, WAM C 49906. Diagnosis. Frontal appendage short and forked and not reaching beyond the bases of the second antennae. Second antenna medial surface of proximal antennomere with large plate like tumidity on each side. Each gonopod flanked by a lateral swelling with a central hollow. Females with a lateral tumidity on each genital segment and paired dorsal tumidities on the first genital segment. Anterior setae of fifth thoracopod with endites 4 and 5 anterior setae naked and more than twice as long as second anterior setae on endites 4–6 which carry a pecten of fine spines. Description. Male. Eyes freely projecting on peduncles about the same length as eye diameter. First antennae filiform, a little longer than second antenna proximal antennomere, and terminating in 3–5 long sensory setae. Second antennae. Proximal antennomere slightly shorter than distal antennomere. Proximal antennomeres usually well separated from each other and fused basally at about 45 o. Each proximal antennomere with a large lamellar projection aligned ventrally. This projection, lacking sensory denticles or spinules, supported posteriorly by a ventrally narrowing ridge. Distal antennomeres of uniform diameter, gently arcing medially, and with weakly developed transverse medial ridges. Frontal appendage small, bifurcated, not protruding beyond the fused basal antennomeres. Fifth thoracopod with endite 1 + 2 and 3 evenly curved, the former about three times the size of the later. Anterior setae of endite 1 naked, of similar length to adjacent posterior setae. Anterior setae of endite 2 a little shorter than first anterior setae, bearing a pecten of spines and attended at its base by a small smooth spine. Endite 3 with an anterior setae longest of the three anterior setae on endites 1 to 3, about 7 / 8 th the length of the adjacent posterior setae, and bearing a pecten of spines. This anterior setae also attended by a small spine at its base. Endites 4–6 asymmetrical and covered with small spines. Endites 4 and 5 with two anterior setae and endite 6 with one anterior seta, representing two types. The first of all three endites, about 1 / 3 rd the length of the adjacent anterior setae and with a fine pecten most of their length. The second type on endites 4 and 5 only, 3 / 4 the length of adjacent posterior setae and naked. Posterior setae of all endites long and numbering about 27 on endites 1 + 2, about 9 on endite 3, then 4, 3, 4 respectively on endites 4–6. Those on endites 1 + 2 increasing in length basally to apex. Endopod broadly triangular shaped but with two closely spaced apices; straightest medial surface bearing about 12 spaced setae and curved lateral surface bearing numerous (ca 70) closely spaced setae. Exopod unevenly oval (medial edge more rounded than lateral edge) bearing about 90 closely spaced posterior setae. Setal bases with 3–6 minute spines. Epipodite elongate oval and unadorned. Praeepipodite large and broad, larger than endopod and exopod combined, and with a finely serrated margin. Genital segments about same width as adjacent thoracic and abdominal segments. Bases of gonopods a little longer than one abdominal segment each flanked by a lateral swelling with a central hollow. Everted gonopod with a long row of about 15 triangular spines medially and a wide field of longer thin spines on opposite side. Cercopods typical for Branchinella. Female. Eye plus peduncle about half the width of the head. First antenna filiform, a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Second antenna lamellar, about three times the head width on each side and narrowing to a sharp symmetrical apex. Second antennae fused together medially. Genital segments larger than adjacent thoracic and abdominal segments and with distinctive swellings and projections First genital segment with a large bulbous lateral tumidity each side and two adjacent asymmetrical pyramid shaped projections dorsally. Apices of these projections produced posteriorly and laterally. Second genital segment with another lateral tumidity on each side but it is sac-like and directed dorsally. Brood pouch bulbous anteriorly with a marked ventral swelling, but tubular posteriorly and terminating at about the third abdominal segment. Fifth thoracopod and cercopods as in male. Egg diameter 485 µm, with about 13 polygonal depressions, each shallow with sharp ridges and concave floor with dimples (Timms and Lindsay, 2011). Variability. Some variability in features was noticed in the material available. Fusion of the second antennal proximal antennomeres ranges from almost 90 o to about 50 o. In males the two ventral tumidities may be up to 25 % smaller than in the holotype and the triangular spines on the gonopod may number up to 24 (see Figs 2 A, B, Timms, 2008). In females the lateral tumidities on the genital segments may be smaller than in the allotype and the apices of the second antennae asymmetrical (see Figs 2 C, D, Timms, 2008), and there may be two weak ventral hooks pointing posteriorly on the brood chamber. The paired dorsal pyramid-shaped projections are invariable. Size. Mature B. hearnii sp.nov. are relatively large. There are 10 males in collections from the Lake Muir area ranging in size from 24 to 30 mm and averaging 26.7 mm, and 13 females in the same collections ranging in size from 19 to 38 mm and averaging 34.6 mm. Generally it is the smaller (immature?) males and females with the smaller tumidities. Differential diagnosis. Branchinella hearnii sp. nov. is almost identical with B. compacta Linder, with which it was initially confused (Timms, 2008), but its 16 SmtDNA differs by 12.8 % (Pinceel et al., 2012). It is separable from this species by many morphological features, including: (a) in males, the ventral lamellar projection on the second antennal proximal antennomere is much larger in B. hearnii sp.nov. than in B. compacta where it is hardly present at all (Fig 4 A, B); (b) most B. compacta males have small sensory spines lining much of the medial surface of the proximal antennomere, whereas this surface is smooth in B. hearnii sp.nov.; (c) in female, B. compacta lateral tumidities on its genital segments are significantly smaller than the large ones in B. hearnii sp.nov. (Fig. 4 C, D, 7 F, G); (d) The anterior setae on endites 4–6 are different in the two species, in B. compacta there are three longer setae each with pectens of spines and two very short naked setae, whereas in B. hearnii sp.nov. there are two longer naked setae and three shorter setae with pectens (Fig. 5 A, B); (e) in B. compacta the medial endopodal setae are feathered and have 10–14 small spines basally whereas in B. hearnii sp.nov. the medial endopodial setae are short, naked and basally spineless (Fig. 5 A, B); and (f ) B. compacta occurs in southeastern Australia, mainly in western Victoria (Geddes, 1981) but including some lakes on the Monaro, NSW (see above), while B. hearnii n.sp, inhabits sites in southwestern Western Australia, both north and south of Perth. Resting eggs of these two species are easily differentiated: those of B.hearnii sp.nov. have fewer depressions than eggs of B. compacta ( 25) and their walls are sharp compared to rounded in B. compacta (Fig. 1 D, F) (Timms and Lindsay, 2011). Given the genital segment tumidities and projections in females and the ventral lamellar projection in the clasper apparatus of males (reminiscent of males of Parartemia — Timms, 2012), it most likely exhibits lock and key amplexus (sensu Rogers, 2002). The male claspers would appress the genital segments perhaps either anterior or posterior to the dorsal pyramid shaped projections, to form a tight union. While all species of the Australian brine shrimp (Parartemia) use lock and key amplexus (Rogers, 2002; Timms, 2011), B. hearnii sp.nov. is the only second known species in Branchinella to possibly use it, its close relative B. compacta being the other candidate. The advantage to it is not clear in the Unicup area as no other species of Branchinella is known from this area, but in the Coomberdale — Watheroo area, B. hearnii sp.nov. shares its known sites with B. erosa sp. nov. Distribution and Ecology. B. hearnii sp.nov. occurs in a few hyposaline lakes to 8 g /L to the north of Lake Muir in southwestern Western Australia as well as in a few lakes, also hyposaline to 12 g /L, in the Coomberdale — Watheroo area north of Moora, Western Australia. In both areas the lakes in which it is found contain clear waters, turbidities 200 NTU.Published as part of Timms, Brian V, 2012, Further studies on the fairy shrimp genus Branchinella (Crustacea: Anostraca: Thamnocephalidae) in Australia, with descriptions of five new species, pp. 35-60 in Zootaxa 3595 on pages 46-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.25459
Parartemia yarleensis Timms & Hudson, 2009, n. sp.
No full textParartemia yarleensis n. sp. (Figure 7) Type material. Holotype. Male, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Yarle Lake system, most likely Choolalie Lake (30 o 17 ’ 20 ”S, 131 o 31 ’00”E), (approx 15 km S of Maralinga), 16 September 1979, J. Glover, SAM C 6779; Allotype. Female, same collecting data as holotype, SAM 6782; Paratypes. Two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6781. Other material. About 20 males and five females, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Yarle Lakes, most likely Choolalie Lake (30 o 17 ’ 20 ”S, 131 o 31 ’00”E), (approx 15 km S of Maralinga), 16 September 1979, J. Glover, SAM C 6782; many males, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Labyrinth, (30 ° 41 ’ 30 ”S, 135 ° 11 ’ 55 ”E), (approx 27 km NW Kingoonya), 12 June 2004, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6783; many juveniles, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, “Carters Well Lake”, (30 ° 51 ’01”S, 134 ° 58 ’ 35 ”E), (approx 42 km ESE of Tarcoola), 13 June 2004, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6808; many juveniles, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Harris, (31 o 08’ 51 ”S, 135 o 18 ’ 30 ”E), (approx 20 km S Kingoonya), 19 March 2003, P. Hudson and G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6786; many juveniles; SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Ironstone Lagoon, (31 ° 42 ’S, 137 ° 13 ’ 30 ’’E), (approx 65 km SE of Woomera), 1 February, 2007, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6784; many juvenile males, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Gilles, (33 °01’ 25 ”S, 136 ° 36 ’07”E), (approx 20 km NE of Kimba), 6 August 2005, P. Hudson, SAM C 6785. Description. Male. Length 18 mm (head plus thorax 7.5 mm, abdomen 10.5 mm). Head (Fig. 7 A) with first antenna filiform, a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Proximal antennomeres of second antenna fused basially at an angle of about 75 degrees from body axis. Ventral edge of fused antennomeres with paired ventral processes (VP, Fig 7 A) three times longer than deep and with length of lateral edge about half that of medial edge. Lateral corner of ventral process protruding slightly, frontal edge only slightly concave, medial corner rounded, and all edges with a few denticles. Small conical mound (CM, Fig, 7 B) on ventroposterior surface under lateral corner. Area between ventral processes trapezoid, with a short digitiform medial process (MP, Fig 7 A) less than one quarter of depth of medial edge of transverse process. Anterior surface of fused antennomere with paired ridges parallel to body axis and terminating in anterior processes (AP, Fig 7 A) with a broad base but digitiform apical half. Anterioventral surface of fused antennomere marked in sunken polygons (SP, Fig 7 A). Distal second antenna antennomere subcylindrical, slightly concavely curved and tapering to a sharp apex. Length about 1.6 times proximal antennomere. Labrum without a spine. Thorax gradually widening posteriorly to 11 th segment, mainly by increasingly larger lateral lobes, tending asymmetrical (i.e. maximum width displaced from middle of lobe) segments 7–10 (L, Fig. 7 C). Genital segments narrower than 11 th thoracic segment and abdomen continually narrowing so that 6 th segment about 2 / 3 rds width of first segment. Thoracopods (Fig 7 E) of the Parartemia type as described for P. acidiphila n. sp., except for fewer posterior setae on endites 1 +2, 3, endopodite and exopodite (c.45, 11, 26 and 35 respectively). Posterior setae on medial edge of endopodite more numerous than usual (11 cf c. 7), particularly strong, curved apically and with a short pecten apically (EPS, Fig 7 E). Paired gonopods with a spines subapically and a short digitiform processes (DP, Fig. 7 D) on the shoulder of wider basal part, neither hooked. No type specimens with gonopods everted. Abdominal segments serially decreasing in diameter and increasing in length posteriorly. Sixth segment about twice as long as first segment. Cercopods subequal in length to sixth abdominal segment and with setae medially and laterally. Description. Female. Length 11.3 mm. Head (Fig. 7 F) with first antenna filiform, about length of eye plus peduncle. Second antenna about twice length of eye plus peduncle, flattened and with its widest area about two-thirds its length towards the apex, followed by a marked narrowing to an acute apex on the posterior side. Apex curved like the recurved labrum spine. Thoracic segments (Fig. 7 G) expanded laterally by distinct lobes, increasing in size and degree of asymmetry (i.e. displacement of widest point from centre of lobe) serially segments 5 to 9. Segment 10 with very different lateral lobes, expanded anteriorly, free in allotype and dorsal to lobe of 9 th segment. Segment 11 with a narrow triangular lateral lobe. In lateral profile (Fig. 7 H), segments 9 to 11 not raised dorsally as much as anterior segments. Segment 8 swollen dorsally. Paired brood pouches separate, oval, unlobed but joined ventrally to a gonoduct shorter than the depth of the brood pouch. Each pouch with numerous spherical smooth surfaced eggs. Thorax with only 10 pairs of thoracopods and 10 th thoracopod reduced to about half size of other thoracopods. Anterior setae of 10 th thoracopod typical, but few posterior setae on all parts and lacking an epipodite but with reduced praepipodite (Fig. 7 I). Fifth thoracopod as in male. Abdomen as in male, but surface denticulate. Etymology. The species is named after the type locality. Variability. Though this species is known from a few sites, many of these had only juvenile males, so variation between sites is hardly studied. Within the type locality some males had more bulbous lateral corners to their ventral processes than the holotype. Among females, the second antennal apex is not always curved and the lateral lobe of the 10 th thoracic segment varied within and between sites, with it being attached to the lobe of the 9 th segment, often in younger females. Differential diagnosis. Male P. yarleensis has a head (specifically a medial process and ventral processes) broadly similar to those of P. informis, P. serventyi and P. contracta, but unlike those species, has distinct thoracic lobes. These lobes are not as large as in P. cylindrifera and in Parartem ia sp. g (as illustrated in Timms 2004), but broadly similar to those of P. auriciforma n. sp. and P. triquetra n. sp. While the latter two species occur in the same general area as P. yarleensis n. sp., they are easily distinguished as neither have the medial process between the ventral processes as in P. yarleensis n. sp. Female P. y a r l e e n s i s n. sp. also share many features with local species P. auriciforma n. sp. and P. triquetra n. sp., such as thoracic lateral lobes, round to oval brood chambers and greatly reduced or absent 11 th thoracopods. However, P. yarleensis is distinctive by reason of superficial dorsal swelling on the 8 th segment (somewhat like that in P. serventyi), and the bulbous lateral lobes of segment 10. It cannot be confused with P. serventyi as this species has posterior lobes on its brood pouches, no thoracic lateral lobes, and paired dorsolateral swellings on segment 9. Type locality. Yarle Lakes is a series of lakes south of Maralinga that fill episodically and are ‘very saline’ according to collecting data. There is some doubt over which one of the lakes was sampled, but examination of the field notes of J. Glover’s participants of the field trip, the probable collection site of Choolalie Lake was established on the basis of sketch map of the area. FIGURE 7. Parartemia yarleensis n. sp. Male A-E, Holotype; Female, F-I Allotype; both from Yarle Lakes, most likely Lake Choolalie, SA. A, anterior view of head with first and second antennae (VP = ventral processes, AP = anterior processes, MP = medial process, SP = sunken polygons); B, posterior view of one side of basal antennomere of second antenna showing the conical mound (CM) behind the ventral process; C, dorsal view of body from head to cercopods showing segmental lobes (L); D, gonopods with genital segments showing digitform processes (DP); E, Fifth thoracopod with pectin bearing endopod posterior setae labelled (EPS); F, Lateral view of head; G, dorsal view of thoracic segments 4-11, genital segments, brood pouches and first two abdominal segments; H, lateral view of posterior thorax and adjacent brood pouch; I, 10 th thoracopod. Scale bars 1 mm. Distribution and ecology. P. yarleensis n. sp. is known from a broad arc of lakes extending from Woomera to Maralinga in the northwest of South Australia (Fig. 4). The collection from Ironstone Lagoon also contains P. m i n u t a, a species smaller than P. y a r l e e n s i s (P. m i n u t a males mean 8.7 mm, 10 specimens, females mean 5.2 mm, 10 specimens). Such a congeneric occurrence is rare in Parartemia (A. Savage, pers. comm.; B. Timms, unpublished data) possibly because most species of Parartemia do what P. zietziana does and that is they live on resuspended organic matter (Marchant and Williams, 1977), as opposed to algal eating Branchinella, in which congeneric occurrence of different sized species and hence filtering ranges, are common (e.g. Timms & Sanders, 2002).Published as part of Timms, Brian V & Hudson, Peter, 2009, The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina), pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2248 on pages 60-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19074
Deux ouvrages sur les structures urbaines : R. J. Johnston, Urban Residential Patterns et D. W. G. Timms, The Urban Mosaic towards theory of residential differentiation
No full textChaline Claude. Deux ouvrages sur les structures urbaines : R. J. Johnston, Urban Residential Patterns et D. W. G. Timms, The Urban Mosaic towards theory of residential differentiation. In: Annales de Géographie, t. 82, n°454, 1973. pp. 760-761
Parartemia auriciforma Timms & Hudson, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textParartemia auriciforma sp. nov. (Figure 5) Type material. Holotype. Male, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Great Victoria Desert, Wyola Lake, (29 o09’00”S, 130 o 14 ’ 30 ”E), 15 December 1994, P. Hudson, SAM C 6794; Allotype. Female, same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6797; Paratypes. Two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6795, C 6796. Description. Male. Length 11.5 mm (head and thorax 5 mm and abdomen 6.5 mm). Head (Fig. 5 A) with first antenna filiform a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Basal antennomeres of second antenna fused proximally at an angle of about 50 degrees from body axis. Ventral margin with paired linear, ventral processes (VP, Fig 5 A) clothed irregularly with small spines and tubercles mainly at lateral and medial corners. Overall dimensions about 3 times longer than deep with lateral edge about one third the length of medial edge. Lateral corner rounded and medial corner prominent and bluntly triangular. Area between ventral processes concave without any medial projection or doming. Frontal surface of basal antennomeres with paired ridges parallel to body axis and terminating in small triangular frontal processes (FP, Fig 5 A). These frontal processes subequal in length to depth of ventral processes and length subequal to basal width. Second antennal distal antennomere curved, a little longer than basal segment and terminating in a small spine-like appendix. Labrum lacking a spine. Each side of thorax with a near symmetrical lateral lobe on each segment and small lateral lobe on first genital segment (L, Fig. 5 B). Eleven pairs of thoracopods with first two and last three noticeably reduced. Fifth thoracopod structure as in P. acidiphila, though numbers of posterior setae slightly different (see above). Gonopods (Fig. 5 C) paired, basal parts fused together and about twice the diameter of tubular free apical parts. Basal part with a broad triangular process (DP, Fig. 5 C) apically and apical tube with a finger-like process subapically. Neither process hooked. Abdominal segments increasing in length and narrowing 1 to 6, particularly 5 and 6, so that 6 th segment about twice the length of first. Telson about half the length of first abdominal segment and bearing fringed cercopods subequal in length to fifth abdominal segment. Description. Female. Length 8.5 mm. Head (Fig. 5 D) with first antenna filiform and about half the length of the eye plus peduncle. Second antenna flattened and about twice the length of eye plus peduncle and terminating in a markedly narrowed, acute apex on the posterior side. Labrum with a prominent recurved spine. Thorax with 10 pairs of thoracopods, similar in structure to those of male. Eleventh thoracic segment without appendages Tenth thoracopod (Fig. 5 G) reduced: endites with few posterior setae, endopodite and exopod with about 12 and 20 such setae respectively, and epipodite smaller than both exopod and praepipodite. Posterior thoracic segments, particularly those of 7 th to 10 th segments, expanded laterally (Fig. 5 E). Eight and ninth segments with tuberculate lateral lobes terminating in hollowed out auriculiform structures, about one-sixth segment width. Segments 5, 6 and especially 7 th with simpler, less prominent lateral extensions. Segment 10 with lateral blunt triangular projection on each side and segment 11 with dorsolateral surface uneven and consisting of two triangular anteriorly pointed mounds (TM, Figs 5 E,F) on each side. Surface of both segments 10 and 11 papillate. Lateral brood pouches (Fig. 5 F) almost spherical in shape but with small lobes ventrally and connected ventrally to a shared gonopore on a short tubular protrusion. Dorsal surface of brood chambers pigmented and each chamber with about 25 spherical smooth-surfaced eggs in mature ovigerous females. Abdominal segments largely as in male, but with the telson proportionally larger and all segments papillate. Etymology. The specific name reflects the auriculiform lateral lobes of the female. Variability. Adult male lengths vary from 10.5 to 12mm and adult femal from 7.9 to 8.7 mm. The ventromedial surface of the male fused basal antennomeres is concave in most specimens, but is convex in some and rarely there is a small central knob. The antennal distal antennomere apex is occasionally not appendix like, but simply narrowing to a sharp point. In juvenile females the ear-like structures of the 8 th and 9 th lobes are undeveloped.The lobe on the 10 th thoracic segment may be more rounded and symmetrical than asymmetrical and triangular. Differential diagnosis. Parartemia auriciforma males are most similar to those of P. longicaudata, while the females have no close morphological similarities to other species. Like P. longicaudata, P. auriciforma has a wide space between the ventral processes without any medial process of any kind as in most other species of Parartemia. In P. longicaudata this space is convex, but in P. auriciforma it is usually concave. In both species the ventral processes are similarly shaped, but in P. longicaudata they are about twice as long as deep FIGURE 5. Parartemia auriciforma n.sp. Male A-C, Holotype; Female D-G, Allotype; both Wyola Lake, SA. A, anterior view of head with first and second antennae (VP = ventral processes, FP = frontal processes); B dorsal view of thorax segments 1-11, genital segments 1 and 2 and first abdominal segment (L = lobes); C, gonopods and genital segments (DP = digitiform process); D, lateral view of head; E, dorsal view of thoracic segments 5-11, genital segments, brood pouches and first abdominal segment (TM = triangular mounds); F, lateral view of brood pouch region and adjacent thorax; G, 10 th thoracopod with anterior setae. Scale bars 1 mm. compared to three times in P. auriciforma. The frontal processes also tend to be more prominent in P. longicaudata where in most specimens they are twice as wide as deep, compared to equal width and depth in P. auriciforma. Most P. a u r i c i f o r m a have a spine-like appendix at the apex of the second antennal antennomere, which is absent in P. longicaudata. Both the first antenna and cercopods are proportionally longer in P. longicaudata than in P. auriciforma and overall P. longicaudata tends to be a larger species usually 20–30 mm in length while P. auriciforma is a smaller species, 10–12 mm in length. Thoracic lateral lobes are unusual in males of Parartemia, and those of P. auriciforma are similar to those of P. triquetra n. sp. Besides differences between these two in lobe symmetry, there are many other differences in the distal antennal antennomere, ventral processes and frontal processes, as discussed later. For female P. a u r i c i f o r m a the distinctive features are the lateral auriculiform lobes on many posterior thoracic segments, the twin spherical brood pouches, and to a lesser extent the triangular lateral lobe on segment 10. Its head and abdominal structures are not at all distinctive, and the lack of thoracopods on segment 11 is shared with a few other species (e.g. P. informis, P. serventyi). Also shared with a few other species is the lack of swellings on posterior thoracic segments (i.e. 8 –11) (e.g. P. zietziana, P. minuta) and lack of narrow sclerotised ridges on these later thoracic segments (e.g. P. cylindrifera). A few species have lateral lobes on posterior segments (e.g. P. informis, P. longicaudata) but not like in P. auriciforma, which is the only species with auriculiform lateral lobes. P. auriciforma shares with P. triquetra n. sp. (see later) in having two separate, almost spherical, brood pouches, though they are connected ventrally. In other species there is either one chamber (e.g. P. cylindrifera, P. minuta) or two joined dorsally and usually extended posteriorly (e.g. P. zietziana, P. longicaudata, P. extracta, P. serventyi Linder, 1941). As in many species of Parartemia, the eggs are not distinctive microscopically. Type locality. Wyola Lake is an unstudied episodic saline lake, difficult of access in the remote Great Victoria Desert. Specimens used in this study were reared from sediment collected from the lake. Distribution. P. a u r i c i f o r m a is known only from its type locality in the Great Victoria Desert (Fig. 4). It is not known how widespread it is, as lakes in the immediate vicinity have not been sampled, but some further away have different species―the Serpentine lakes 140 km to the northwest have P. triquetra n. sp. and the Yarle lakes, 172 km to the southeast support P. y a r l e e n s i s n. sp.Published as part of Timms, Brian V & Hudson, Peter, 2009, The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina), pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2248 on pages 54-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19074
Eulimnadia australiensis Timms, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textEulimnadia australiensis sp. nov. (Figs 3 C,D; 4,5) Etymology. The species is named for the country in which it occurs. Type locality. New South Wales, Moonbi Ranges, prominent rounded peak known locally as ‘Flynns Rock,’ 5.4 km NNE of Moonbi township, 30 o 58 ’ 36.8 ”S; 151 o 05’ 10.8 ”E; 11 March 2014, BVT guided by W. and M. Schofield and B. Moritz, a small southerly pan gnamma 225 cm by 160 cm by 10 cm deep when full, but only 2 cm deep on 11 March. Type material. Holotype. Male deposited in Australian Museum, Sydney, length 4.6 mm, height 3.0 mm, registration number AM P 97795. Allotype. Female deposited in Australian Museum, Sydney, length 4.2 mm, height 3.0 mm, registration number AM P 97796. Paratypes. Five males, 4.9 x 3.1 mm, 4.9 x 3.1 mm, 4.8 x 3.0 mm, 4.6 x 3.1 mm, 4.4 x 2.6 mm; five females 4.7 x 3.1 mm, 4.7 x 3.1 mm, 4.6 x 3.1 mm, 4.2 x 2.6 mm, 4.1 x 2.6 mm, registration number AM P 97797. Other material. New South Wales: A few males, many females, Moonbi Ranges, prominent rounded peak known locally as ‘Flynns Rock’, 5.4 km NNE of Moonbi township, 30 o 58 ’ 36.2 ”S, 151 o 05’ 10.6 ”E, 14 April 2014, BVT, AM P 97798; Queensland: Aramac district, vicinity of Lake Dunn, excavation on south side of lake, 22 o 36 ’ 12 ”S, 145 o 40 ’ 26 ”E, 15 February 2010, MS and BVT, AM P 91973; Brisbane, Nudgee, 8 March 1945, J.S. Hynd, AM P 56359; near Longreach, Thompson R., Yellow Lily Lagoon, 23 o 22 ’ 53 ”S, 144 o 14 ’ 40 ”E, 27 November 2000, ARIDFLO, SAM C 8460. Diagnosis. Egg cylindrical with near vertical ridges and expanded ends, these with 1 to a few ridges. 18 trunk segments. Cercopod with 5–7 short (about diameter of cercopod), spaced setae on basal 80 %; telson with 15–22 dorsal spines somewhat variable in size, and usually with a single spine anterior to the double telsonic row; male rostrum triangular; clasper palp with 5 spines at the palpomere junctions. Description. Egg (Figs. 3 C,D) cylindrical, diameter 136–145 Μm, height 176–185 Μm with 12–15 vertical grooves/ rounded ridges and ends slightly-moderately expanded to a diameter of 154–196 ìm (n= 10). Discoid ends with 1 ridge across one diameter or 2–4 shorter ridges on radii. Surface microporous. Male. Head (Fig 4 D) with ocular tubercle prominent, the compound eye occupying most (ca. 90 %) of it. Rostrum protruding similarly to the ocular tubercle, triangular in shape, with an acute apex and largely occupied by the ocellus, about 50 % the size of the compound eye. Frons-rostrum angle about 120 o. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by about half its height, pedunculate and asymmetrical and not quite as high as the ocular tubercle. First antennae (Fig 4 D) slightly longer than peduncle of second antennae, and with six lobes, each with numerous short sensory setae. Second antennae with a spinose peduncle and each flagella with 8 antennomeres, dorsally with 1–3 short spines and ventrally with 1–4 longer setae. Basal and distal antennomeres with minimal spines, while setae maximal distally. Carapace (Fig 4 A) elongated oval, pellucid and with hardly any indication of growth lines. Adductor muscle scar at about 45 o to carapace long axis, almost invisible. Thoracopods. Eighteen pairs, the first two modified as claspers (Fig 4 H). Palm trapezoidal with a rounded expansion distomedially. Apical bulb spherical with many denticles mediodistally and with many stout spines pointing medially, also laterally bearing a small palp with many short thin spines apically. Finger arcuate with a blunt apex bearing a suctorial disc apicoventrally and many rounded pits ventrally. Long palp inserted on apical edge of palm; two segmented and with 5 stout setae at the segmental junction and many thin limp setae terminally. Palp of first clasper about 1.5 x length of palm and 2 x length in second clasper. Basal palpomere a little longer than distal palpomere in both claspers. Other thoracopods of typical structure for Eulimnadia, decreasing is size and complexity posteriorly. Dorsal surface of trunk with 1–2 short spines medially or posteriorly on each of the posterior 12 trunk segments. Telson with about 16 pairs of dorsal spines, with a single spine anterior to the larger first pair. Spines tend to vary in size a little, and increase in length posteriorly. Most spines with spinules. Caudal filaments originating from a mound a little higher than the dorsal floor of the telson and between the 3 rd and 4 th spine after the largest anterior spine. Dorsal floor of telson posterior to the mound slopes evenly to base of the cercopod. Cercopods a little longer than dorsum of the telson, the basal 80 % hardly thinning to a small spine with spinules, then a rapid thinning to an acute apex. About five short (a little longer than diameter of cercopod) setae on basal half and many tiny denticles dorsolaterally on apical quarter. Setae two segmented and feathered. Prominent spiniform projection beneath the cercopods at the ventroposterior corner of the telson. Hermaphrodite. Head (Fig 4 F) with ocular tubercle prominent, with compound eye occupying most (ca 80 %) of it. Rostrum a smooth bulge at an angle of about 160 o to the frons and with the anteroventral part occupied by large ocellus, about 60 % the size of the compound eye. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by about its height, pedunculate and asymmetrical and subequal in height to ocular tubercle. First antennae (Fig 4 F) a little shorter than the peduncle of the second antennae, with five small lobes each with many short sensory hairs. Second antennae as in the male. Carapace (Fig 4 B) as in the male. Thoracopods. Eighteen of typical Eulimnadia structure. Trunk dorsum with 3–9 setae terminally, these setae few, short and stout on last few segments, numerous and longer on segments 8–15 and hardly any setae on anterior trunk segments 1–7. Telson (Fig 4 E) as in male, though with 17 pairs of dorsal spines, also a single spine anterior to the paired spines, and six setae on each cercopod. Variability. The position of the dorsal organ in the male from the type locality varies from half height to its total height from the ocular tubercle. One specimen had 6 spines at the junction of the palpomeres. Telsonic spines vary in number from 15–17, the small spine anterior to the long anterior spine is not always present in both sexes. Cercopod setae vary from 5–8 in both sexes. Material from the larger northern pan of Flynns Rock collected after the next rainy period was much larger, males about 7 mm long and females 8 mm. Notably, putative hermaphrodites outnumbered males 72: 6, implying an androdioecious mode of reproduction as in E. texana (Packard 1871) (Weeks et al., 2006). They were similar morphologically to the type material, but tended to have an extra lobe in the first antennae, an extra antennomere, 17–20 telsonic spines and up to 7 short cercopod setae (Fig. 4 G). Specimens (Figs. 3 E, 5 A, B) in the Nudgee collection (AM P 56359) were very similar to the type material, but the telsonic spines were more denticulate and there were even denticles on the large last telsonic spine (=anal spine). They had 8 cercopod setae, most up to 2 x cercopod diameter. While the eggs are typical in the Thompson River collection, telsonic spines number only 12 and there are 9 cercopod setae about 1.5 to 2 x times longer than the cercopod diameter (Fig 5 C, D). This material is included in E. australiensis sp. nov. based on its egg structure. Comments. This species is distinct by reason of its cylindrical eggs with ridges aligned to the vertical axis and the few spaced short setae of the cercopod, two characters not shared with other Australian species. There are, however, other collections in the museums with cylindrical eggs similar to those of E. australiensis sp. nov., but with the ridges quite twisted and the ends more elaborate (e.g. Fig 3 E). Most have many (16–18) long cercopod setae, eg AM P 55693 Rabaul, PNG; AM P 82488 Central Qld; AM P 85563 Bloodwood Station, NSW; AM P 85570 Carrols Swamp, Muella Station, NSW; AM P 82467 & AM P 91995 near Taroom, Qld; AM P 85563 & AM P 96480 Titanic Dam, Bloodwood; SAM C 8458, Gibb R Homestead, WA. These look more like some of the overseas species discussed below. Eulimnadia australiensis sp. nov. shares many features with the widespread American species E. texana Packard and its relatives, E. belki Martin, E. colombiensis Roessler, E. cylindrova Belk, E. ovisimilis Martin & Belk and also E. tauluoensis Hu in China and E. indocylindrova Durga Prasad and Simhachalam in India (Hu 1986; Belk 1989; Martin & Belk 1989; Roessler 1989; Brendonck et al. 1990; Pereira & García 2001; Durga Prasad and Simhachalam 2004; Padhye et al. 2015). The most important similarity, given the specific nature of egg morphology in Eulimnadia (Belk 1989; Martin & Belk 1989; Rabet 2010), is the almost identical egg structure in E. australiensis sp. nov. and E. texana, and also to a lesser extent in other members of the E. texana group. All these Eulimnadia are those with cylindrical eggs, with just minor variations between them. The eggs of E. australiensis sp. nov. are distinctive with grooves and ridges always vertical (i.e. not twisted) numbering about 12– 15 and expanded discoid ends with 1–3 ridges. Eggs of other E. texana species group often have twisted ridges/ grooves, fewer of them and ends not expanded as much or more (Hu 1986; Belk 1989; Martin & Belk 1989; Roessler 1989; Brendonck et al. 1990; Pereira & Garcia 2001). It is not known if there is a phylogenetic link between these types of cylindrical eggs, or whether the similar eggs are due to convergent evolution. The later possibility is suggested by E. australiensis sp. nov., for although its egg is similar to that of members of the E. texana group, its body morphology is distinctive. Most significant is the few ( 10) long strong setae in the members of the E. texana group and the nine odd collections mentioned above. Specimens with twisted cylindrical eggs were designated as species C and F in Schwentner et al. (2015), while specimens with vertical ridges from the type locality were later tested by Schwentner (pers.comm.) and found to be different again. Though the characteristics of E. australiensis sp. nov. are distinctive, those of other Australian forms with cylindrical eggs are not and they remain unidentified and undescribed. It would help if the validity of the above mentioned overseas species was resolved. Distribution and ecology. Northern half of NSW and throughout Qld. It has a very short life cycle in the Moonbi sites (Timms, in prep); from hatching to adults with eggs takes 8 days and after two weeks many individuals die. No living individuals could be found after four weeks in cultures or in situ after six weeks post filling.Published as part of Brian V Timms, 2016, A partial revision of the Australian Eulimnadia Packard, 1874 (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae), pp. 351-389 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on pages 357-361, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26423
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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