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Eulimnadia palustera Timms 2015
No full textSynonymy of <i>E. palustera</i> <p> This species was originally assigned to <i>Eulimnadia</i> on the sole criterion of an apparent spine beneath the cercopod base (Timms, 2015). However, this spine is not a typical subcercopod spine of most <i>Eulimnadia</i> but a rather sharp triangular ventroposterior corner of the telson. Hence, an assignment to <i>Paralimnadia</i> is necessary. Furthermore, three other features suggest placement in <i>Paralimnadia</i>: a cercopod with a spine approximately midlength and not at about 80% of its length, 13 antennomeres rather than about 8, and a sex ratio approximating 1:1, all generally (but not absolutely) indicating <i>Paralimnadia</i> (Timms, 2016a, 2016b).</p> <p> Given the placement of <i>P. palustera</i> within <i>Paralimnadia</i>, its eggs are identical with those of <i>P. rivolensis</i> being astroform with 14–20 projections subtended by 3–8 sharp-edged grooves (fig. 4). Egg morphology has proved to be the most reliable character separating species within <i>Eulimnadia</i> (Belk, 1998; Rabet, 2010; Rogers et al., 2012; Timms, 2016a) and <i>Paralimnadia</i> (Timms, 2016b). The next most reliable species indicator in both genera is the nature of the cercopod setae. Both <i>P. palustera</i> and <i>P. rivolensis</i> have about 8 medium length (i.e. 1–2× cercopod diameter) setae (cf. fig. 6 in Timms, 2015 and figs 1–3). Again, both species have about 21 telsonic spines, although spacing is different in the two species. In <i>P. rivolensis</i>, all are evenly sized and spaced, except for the first three, which are larger and more spaced. In <i>P. palustera</i>, the telsonic spines are mixed in size (cf. fig 6 in Timms 2015 and figs 1–3). Two characters generally of poor differentiating ability are the first antennae and rostrum, although in these two species, there are only minor differences (cf. fig 6 in Timms and figs 1–3).</p> <p> The claspers are somewhat different between the two species. <i>P. palustera</i> has a distinct hamulus medially on the hand (endite IV), while <i>P. rivolensis</i> has just a slight swelling there. The palps are variable, with 3 palpomeres in the paralectotype of <i>P. rivolensis</i>, but only 2 indistinct ones in most other specimens examined. <i>P. palustera</i> generally has 3 palpomeres but may have the second division indistinct or incomplete. Sometimes there are spines at palpomere junction 1–2 in <i>P. rivolensis.</i> Similar variability has sometimes been observed in a few other <i>Paralimnadia</i> species (Timms 2016b).</p> <p> <i>Distribution.</i> South-western Western Australia, south-eastern South Australia, southern Victoria and Tasmania. There is a single record from central Australia, which is difficult to accept considering the prominent maritime distribution across southern Australia. It has not been collected in Victoria since 1910, its habitat in the swamps of eastern Port Philip Bay being drained and urbanised in the early 1900s. Widespread drainage in the south-east of South Australia seems to have denied it habitat there. The most recent collection from near the type locality is dated 1975, and my expeditions there in the spring of 2010 and winter of 2016 were unsuccessful. Sites in central Tasmania seem (as of March 2018) also to be drained, so that perhaps it now only occurs in refuges of Flinders Island, Kangaroo Island and south-western Western Australia.</p>Published as part of <i>Timms, Brian V., 2019, A redescription of Eulimnadia rivolensis (Brady, 1886) (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiiidae), and its transfer to Paralimnadia, pp. 57-64 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 78</i> on page 63, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2019.78.03, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8065279">http://zenodo.org/record/8065279</a>
Peter Timms - Ideas about the thing or the thing itself (Art Forum)
No full textArt Forum presented by Peter Timms.
Lecture title: Ideas about the thing or the thing itself
Summary: Peter Timms surveys the history of criticism and looks at issues confronting criticism toda
Parartemia purpurea Timms, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textParartemia purpurea sp. nov. (Figs 4,7,11) Parartemia n sp a Timms and Savage, 2004, p 22, 28; Timms 2009. Etymology. This species is named for the distinct purple colouration of mature females, the name being derived from the Latin purpurea meaning purple. Holotype. One male, 44 km NNE of Esperance, unnamed lake on Dempster Rd, (33 o 28 ’ 58 ”S, 122 o 00’ 38 ”E), 8 October 2008; BVT, WAM 45235. Allotype. One female, same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45236. Paratypes. Two males, two females, some collecting data as holotype, WAM 45237; two males, two females, same collecting data as holotype, AM 82976. Other material. 10 males, 10 females, 23.5 km E of Scaddan, unnamed lake on East Lignite Rd, (33 o 19 ’ 28 ”S, 121 o 58 ’ 17 ”E), 2 August 2005, BVT, WAM 45238; 10 females, 38 km N of Esperance, unnamed lake on south side of Speddingup Rd, (33 o 31 ’ 01”S, 121 o 52 ’ 21 ”E), 8 October 2008, BVT, WAM 45239; 10 males, 10 females, all immature, 64.5 km NE of Esperance near Kau Rock, unnamed pond, (33 o 24 ’ 32 ”S, 122 o 20 ’ 00”E), 9 October 2008, BVT, WAM 45240; 10 males, 10 females, 80 km NE of Esperance in Beaumont Nature Reserve, unnamed lake, (33 o 27 ’ 37 ”S, 122 o 36 ’ 43 ”E), 5 September 2004, BVT, WAM 45241. Description. Male. Length 21.5 mm (head plus thorax 7 mm, abdomen 14.5 mm) First antenna (Fig. 11 A) filiform, a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Second antenna. Basal antennomeres (Fig. 11 A) fused at about 75 o to body axis. Ventral margin with paired ventral processes (Fig. 11 A) about 3 times longer than deep, with distoventral corner rounded but not protruding and medioventral corner sharp, almost a right angle. Ventral process margin with well spaced minute spines, also a few such spines on dorsal surface of the processes. Medial margin of ventral processes about 1.2 times longer than lateral margin. Medial space between ventral processes narrow with parallel margins and terminating basally in a short notch. Ventrolaterally just lateral to basodistal margin of the ventral process a raised circular area, the conical mound, with numerous minute spines. Anterior processes (Fig. 11 A) small, blunt triangular, about one quarter depth of ventral processes. Distal antennomere (Fig. 11 A) almost twice as long as basal antennomere, curved medially, cylindrical and tapering to a sharp apex. Labrum lacking a spine. Thoracomeres (Fig 10 B) enveloped laterally in small fused lobes to form a narrow lateral flange along whole length of thorax. Thorax widest at thoracomeres 10 to 11, with lobe on first genital as wide as lobe on T 11 anteriorly, but markedly narrowing posteriorly. No lobe on second genital segment. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, with first two reduced in size and last without an epipodite. Fifth thoracopod typical for the genus. Gonopods (Fig. 11 C) fused basally. Each apical free portion with a short hooked digitiform process inserted ventrolaterally at about three quarters the length of the free portion. No basal spine. A paratype with gonopod everted (Fig. 11 D)— everted part a little longer than free basal portion, consisting of a basal wide cylindrical component and a tubular distal part of two diameters, a middle section narrower than basal tube and an apical, very narrow apical section. Whole expanded section naked except for a two recurved spines on a single base posteriolaterally on the wide cylindrical component. Abdomen long, 2.1 times head plus thorax. Segments increasing in length and but hardy decreasing in diameter sequentially 1 to 6, with sixth 2.2 times the length and but only marginally narrower than first segment. Telson inflated and not clearly demarked from sixth abdominal segment and cercopods about length of fourth abdominal segment and clothed with setae medially and laterally. Female. 11 mm (head plus thorax 6.7 mm, abdomen 4.3 mm). In life, mature females coloured a deep purple, with the brood chambers a lesser intense colour. Head (Fig. 11 E) with first antenna filiform and slightly shorter than length of eye plus peduncle. Second antenna a little longer than twice eye plus peduncle length, somewhat flattened, and narrowing evenly to a sharp apex. Labrum with a prominent recurved spine. Thoracomeres (Fig. 11 F,G) 1 – 6 and 8 normal, thoracomere 7 with a lateral tumidity, thoracomeres 9 and 10 each with a dorsolateral lamella, with a sclerotized and denticulate margin. Dorsolateral lamella of thoracomere 9 asymmetrical, narrow dorsally and widest ventrolaterally and with subsidiary ventrolateral lamella, while lamella of segment 10 more symmetrical and more ventrolateral. Thoracomere 11 somewhat reduced. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, 2 nd and 10 th pairs a little shorter than most, 1 st about half size and 11 th reduced to just a pair of stubs bearing a few spines. First thoracopod (Fig. 7 J) with all normal components, but endopod and particularly exopod reduced, so that both have fewer posterior seate than normal and exopod just protruding beyond endopod. Normal anterior setae, and with basal anterior setae of endite 4 enlarged, longer than adjacent posterior setae. Fifth thoracopod of normal construction for Parartemia and similar to that in males. Tenth thoracopod (Fig. 7 K) with most structures reduced, particularly endites 1 + 2 and 3, endopod and praeepipodite, and with epipodite lacking. Exopodite of normal relative size and projecting well beyond the endopodite. Anterior setae of endites all present, but reduced in size. Eleventh thoracopod (Fig. 7 L) a stub with terminally what appears to be a very reduced endopod with five setae, and medially two protuberances, the distal one with two setae and a basal greater naked protuberance. These protuberances could be endites. Brood pouch (Fig. 11 F,G) lateral lobes oval structures in dorsal view but more quadrahedral laterally, and connected ventrally, with a posteriorly directed gonopore, borne on a tubular projection. Abdomen segments typical for Parartemia, i.e. segments increase in length and decrease in diameter sequentially from segments 1 to 6. Surface denticulate. Variability. Mature males vary in length from 16 to 23 mm. The basal antennomeres are fused at various angles, probably influenced by preservation, of 60–80 o to body axis and while the frontal processes seem always to be small, blunt and triangular, the ventral processes vary so that the distoventral corner may protrude a little and the medial space varies from being almost closed to being open by a distance up to about one third the depth of the ventral processes. The medial margins of the ventral processes may not always be parallel, but occasionally are V-shaped or uneven. However, the angle of near 90 o on the medioventral corner of the ventral processes varies little. The raised spinose area ventrolaterally to the basodistal margin of the ventral processes may be expressed as a conical mound or may be hardly present. The flange on the thoracic margins is generally present, but its widest part may be at thoracomere 10 or occasionally 11, i.e. more posterior than at thoracomere 8–9. Abdomen length varies from 1.25 to 2.33 times head plus thorax length (average of 1.78 in 10 specimens). This length is due in part to the relatively long 6 th segment which on average is 2.1 times length of 1 st segment. The first ratio is greater than for P. longicaudata and the second only a little less than in P. longicaudata, the species supposedly with an extraordinary long abdomen (see earlier). Mature females range in length from 9.6 to 11.2 mm, and while opaque white in preservation, in life are almost always a deep purple. The lateral tumidities on thoracomere 7 while usually prominent, are sometimes deflated and not noticeable. The lateral lamellae of thoracomere 9 and 10 vary in development, but the lamella of thoracomere 9 is always larger than that of thoracomere 10 and more dorsal in position. Differential diagnosis. P. purpurea sp. nov. males are most similar to P. zietziana due to their broadly similar ventral processes and the shape of the medial area between these processes. However P. zietziana has digitiform anterior processes compared to short conical processes in P. purpurea sp. nov. The lateral and medial margins of the ventral processes are of similar length in P. zietziana, but the medial margin is about 1.2 times longer than lateral margin in P. purpurea sp. nov. The ventrolateral area at the basodistal margin of the ventral processes is different in the two species: in P. purpurea sp. nov. it is raised and very spinous, but in P. zietziana it hardly present, if at all. Finally the abdomen is relatively longer in most specimens of P. p u r p u re a sp. nov. (1.78 times) than in P. zietziana (1.30 in 10 specimens). The two species have different distributions separated by the Nullarbor Plain – P. zietziana occurs in central lowland Tasmania, southern Victoria, and southern South Australia to as far west as the eastern Eyre Peninsula, while P.purpurea sp. nov. occurs in the Esperance hinterland area of Western Australia (Timms et al., 2009). Females are distinct from all other species due to the lack of dorsal swellings and horizontal lateral lobes on various thoracic segments, and the presence of lateral swellings on thoracomere 7 and vertical lateral flaps on thoracomere 9 and 10. Furthermore it is unusual in Parartemia females to have a vestige of thoracopod 11 as P. p u r p u re a sp. nov. does; closest species in this character is P. acidiphila with 3 terminal setae, P. laticaudata sp. nov. with two terminal spines and P. longicaudata with a subterminal spine. Distribution and ecology. P. purpurea sp. nov. occurs in alkaline saline lakes in the Esperance hinterland, from about Grass Patch-Scadden eastwards for about 90 km to Beaumont Nature Reserve (Timms et al., 2009)(Fig. 4). It occurs over a salinity range of 20 to 235 g /L and in lakes with pH varying from 6.9 to 10.4 (Timms, 2009 b; Timms et al., 2009). Generally it occurs in late winter- spring as lakes fill with winterspring rains, reproduces in September and October with purple coloured females actively swimming in the shallows and depositing eggs. Occasionally summer rains fill the lakes, in which case P. purpurea sp. nov. responds as it does to a winter filling (Timms, 2009 b). Females are easily predated upon by waders (mainly Stilts, Avocets) as they swim conspicuously in shallow waters, so that sex ratios can become very biased towards males which tend to stay in deeper waters (author, unpublished observations). Presently it is common throughout this area as few lakes are salinised.Published as part of Timms, Brian V, 2010, Six new species of the brine shrimp Parartemia Sayce 1903 (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina) in Western Australia, pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 2715 on pages 24-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19970
Parartemia bicorna Timms, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textParartemia bicorna sp. nov. (Figs. 4,7,8) Parartemia sp x, Timms et al., 2006, p 181, Table 5; Timms and Hudson, 2009, p 58. Etymology. The specific epithet, bicorna, celebrates the prominent twin anterior processes of the male, vaguely akin to the head spine of the fabled unicorn, but with two instead of one horn. These process are somewhat larger than in other known species of Parartemia; some like P. contracta may have longer processes, but these are generally narrow and bent, while those in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. are straight and robust, and hence instantly noticeable. Holotype. Male, Lake Carey, 27.5 km south of Laverton, Wallaby Mine discharge, (28 o 52 ’ 03”S, 122 o 19 ’ 25 ”E), 11 March 2004, B. Timms, WAM 45214. Allotype. Female (ovigerous) same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45215, Paratypes. Two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45216; two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, AM P 82973. Other material. Seven males, six females, Lake Carey, ‘Salinaland’ (ie.northeast corner), (28 o 49 ’ 58 ”S, 122 o 16 ’ 16 ”E), 11 March 2004, B.V. Timms, WAM 45217; ten males, ten females, Lake Carey, Causeway area, (29 o 18 ” 53 ”S, 122 o 34 ’ 05”E), 17 February 2006, B. Datson, WAM 45218; seven males, eight females, Lake Carey, inlet into ‘Salinaland’, (28 o 48 ’ 42 ”S, 122 o 15 ’ 6 ”E), B. Datson, WAM 45219; nine males, 2 females, Lake Carey, ‘Salinaland’ (ie.northeast corner), (28 o 49 ’ 58 ”S, 122 o 16 ’ 16 ”E), 6 December 2008, B. Datson, WAM 45220. Description. Male. Length 19.8 mm (head + thorax + genital segments 8.3 mm and abdomen 11.5 mm). First antenna (Fig 8 A) filiform, about twice as long as eye plus peduncle. Second antenna. Basal antennomere of second antenna (Fig 8 A) fused proximally at about right angles to body axis and protruding a similar width to first antenna. Ventral margin of second antenna with paired linear ventral processes (Fig 8 A) bearing numerous closely spaced minute denticles apically. Overall dimensions of these processes about 2.5 times longer than average width, with lateral edge about half length of medial edge. Lateral edge broadly rounded but medial edge folded anteriorly to about one fifth of ventral process length; fold widest at about two-thirds length of the ventral process. Medial edge of ventral process bulges into the medial space between the processes, maximally at about half its height. Posterior base of lateral edge of ventral process with an indistinct conical mound with a few small denticles. Medial process digitiform, length slightly less than half the height of the ventral process medial edge. Anterior surface of proximal antennomeres with a prominent conical anterior process (Fig 8 A) on each half, with a large free apical half about the length of the ventral process. Distal antennomeres (Fig. 8 A) of second antenna about twice length of basal antennomere, curved, with a mesial tumidity and tapering to a sharp apex. Labrum lacking a spine. Thoracic segments (Fig 8 B) with lateral lobes progressively increasing in size T 1 to T 11 and then with smaller lobes on the two genital segments. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, variable in size, with first two noticeably reduced in size and last few a little smaller. Fifth thoracopod similar to that of Parartemia longicaudata. Endite 1 + 2 with 1 + 2 anterior setae and ca. 25 posterior setae, endite 3 with 2 and ca 16 setae respectively, endite 4 with 2 and 3, endite 5 with 2 and 2 and endite 6 with 1 and 2 setae respectively. These setae of similar relative lengths to those of P. acidiphila (Timms and Hudson, 2009, Fig 2). Endopodite squarish with broadly rounded corners and bearing ca, 6 one-sided pectinate posterior setae medially and ca. 24 feathered posterior setae terminally and laterally. Exopodite elongate oval and bearing ca. 36 posterior setae, similar to most on the endopodite. All these posterior setae with a basal coronet of ca. 8 small spines. Epipodite oval shaped and praeepipodite elongated oval shaped, both unadorned. Gonopods (Fig 8 C) paired, basal parts fused together and about twice the diameter of apical free portions. Free apical part basally with a triangular process with an asymmetrical apex and a subapical digitiform process, about a third the length of the basal process. No type specimens with the gonopod everted. Abdominal segment s increasing in length and narrowing posteriorly from 1 to 6, particularly 5 and 6, so that last segment about twice the length of the first. Cercopods fringed with long setae on lateral and medial edges; length subequal to 6 th abdominal segment. Female. Length 14 mm (head + thorax+ genital segments 7.2 mm, abdomen 6.8 mm). Head (Fig 8 D) with first antenna filiform and length subequal to eye plus peduncle. Second antenna subcylindrical but with a markedly narrower recurred apex; antenna a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Naupliar eye distinct and midway between compound eyes. Labrum with a prominent recurved spine. Thorax (Fig 8 E) without dorsal or lateral tumidities, but thoracic segment 9 with a prominent lateral lamellar lobe extending posteriolaterally to segments 10 and 11. Segments anterior to ninth with small lateral lobes, biggest on segment 8. Lateral and posterior edges of the segment 9 lamellar lateral lobe sclerotized; dorsum of segment 11 also sclerotized and with a minor round protuberance laterally. Brood pouch lying laterally to the genital segments, each with anterior edge sclerotized, rounded and adpressed against the posterior edge of the lateral lamellar lobe of segment 9. Each brood pouch half pyriform and joined ventrally to a gonopore on a short tubular process. Eggs round and smooth-surfaced at low magnifications. Ten thoracopod pairs, with first half the size of the others and the last three a little shorter. Eleventh thoracic segment without appendages. Thoracopods 2–7 similar to those of male though proportions slightly different, most noticeably the broader than long endopodite. First thoracopod (Fig 7 C) of very different proportions than in standard Parartemia thoracopod. Endopodite almost round, exopodite small and oval shaped, epipodite oval shaped and praeepipodite sausage shaped. Endopodite and exopodite with fewer posterior setae than usual, namely about 14 and 20 respectively. Endites 1 + 2 and 3 of normal relative size and setation, but endites 4 to 6 very different; all three lack posterior setae and 4 and 5 bear elongated bent anterior setae with apical twofifths with a double pectin. Thoracopod 10 (Fig 7 D) is different again, lacking the epipodite and praeepipodite and with a reduced rounded endopodite (posterior setae reduced to 2 on medial surface and ca. 12 on terminal and lateral edges), but exopodite more typical (and with ca 24 posterior setae). Endites 1 + 2 and 3 bear typical anterior setae, but few posterior setae (ca. 12 and 3 respectively). Endites 4 to 6 without posterior setae and anterior setae reduced to one each with those of endite 4 and 5 longer than usual. Abdominal segments papillate, otherwise proportions as in males. Variability. Body lengths in the study material vary up to 20.4 mm in males and 14.2 mm in females. Fusion of the basal antennomeres is sometimes not at right angles to body axis, but as low as 75 o. The distinctive frontal processes are only fully developed in mature males. The fold on the medial edge of the ventral processes sometimes has a distinct point mid length and reaching almost to the ventral edge of the process. The ventral conical mound at the base of the lateral edge of the ventral processes is indistinct in many specimens. The main variability on females concerns the area between the lateral edge of segment 9 and the forward extension of the brood pouch: in some specimens there is a hook-like structure pointing forward or at least a small outgrowth laterally. In a few specimens the dorsal integument of segment 11 is only weakly sclerotized. The second antennae do not always terminate in a thin curved point, but may be more mamilliform. Differential diagnosis. Male P. bicorna sp. nov. is most similar to males of P. serventyi and to a lesser extent to males of P. informis. Distal antennomeres in both P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. and P. serventyi are identical, both with a characteristic mesial tumidity. Anterior, ventral and medial processes are almost identical in the two species, but there are three minor differences: (a) the anterior processes in mature P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. are more robust, being 1.25: 1 longer than wide, whereas in P. serventyi the ratio is closer to 1.5: 1, (b) the fold on the medial edge of the ventral processes is more pronounced in P. bicorna sp. nov., and (c) the ventral conical mounds on the base of the lateral margin of the ventral processes, if present, are small compared with those in P. serventyi which are larger and separate from the ventral processes. There is a more obvious difference between the two species in the lateral lobes of the thorax and genital segments―those of P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. show a gentle gradient in size with lobes of the 11 th thoracic segment just the greatest, whereas in P. serventyi, the lobe on the 11 th thoracic segment is at least twice the size of that of the 10 th segment or first genital segment. The difference between P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. and P. informis is more pronounced. The anterior processes are much shorter in P. informis than in P. bicorna sp. nov., and the ventral processes lack a medial fold in P. informis compared to a fold being present in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. Two minor differences are in the lateral corner of the frontal processes which is rounded in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. but square in P. informis and in the number of spines in the basal coronet of the endopodal setae: 20 in P. informis. Also there are more anterior setae on the endites 1 to 3, the endopod and the exopod in P. informis, but this could be because P. informis is generally larger (often> 30 mm) than P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. (usually <20mm). Males of P. bicorna sp. nov. also resemble the males of P. contracta to some degree in that the anterior and ventral processes are broadly similar. However the anterior processes are usually thin and bent in P. contracta compared to being stout and triangular in P. bicorna sp. nov. and the ventral processes lack a medial fold in P. contracta. Another difference is the lack of a mesial tumidity in the distal antennomeres of P. contracta. Among females there can be no confusion between P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. and P. serventyi. The later has a marked medial bulge on the dorsal surface of the 8 th thoracic segment and no lateral plate on segment 9, whereas P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. has no bulges on segment 8 and has a lateral plate on segment 9. Likewise P. contracta is different in that the lateral lobe of segment 9 terminates in a point posteriolaterally and does not envelop segments 10 and 11, whereas in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. the lateral lobe of segment 9 envelops segments 10 and 11 and terminates in a rounded posterior edge. Female P. bicorna sp. nov. are most similar to female P. informis. Both have a lateral lamellar lobe on segment 9 enveloping segments 10 and 11 and both have laterally bulging brood chambers. There are two lateral papillae on the dorsum in the enclosure, but on thoracomere 10 in P. informis and thoracomere 11 in P. bicorna sp. nov. The lateral extension of thoracomere 9 is wider than long in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. and narrower than wide in P. informis. Should the specimens be appropriately preserved there is a moderate budge medially on segment 9 in P. informis, but not in P. bicorna sp. nov. Distribution and ecology. To date, P. bicorna sp. nov. has been found only in Lake Carey, near Laverton in the northern goldfields of Western Australia (Timms, et al., 2006, 2009) (Fig. 4). It occurs only in the main lake and sometimes shares this with Parartemia laticaudata sp. nov., an inhabitant of salinas around the lake and pools in inflowing creeks and elsewhere in northern Western Australia (Timms et al., 2006, 2009), and also with Branchinella simplex (Timms et al., 2006). Field salinity range is 22–105 g /L and it occurs in any season after rain fills part or all of the lake (Timms et al., 2006; B. Datson, pers. comm.). Given it is restricted to just Lake Carey, Timms et al. (2009) suggest it should be given Priority One status under the Western Australian Department of Conservation’s priority species listing process.Published as part of Timms, Brian V, 2010, Six new species of the brine shrimp Parartemia Sayce 1903 (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina) in Western Australia, pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 2715 on pages 14-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19970
Parartemia boomeranga Timms, 2010, sp.nov.
No full textParartemia boomeranga sp.nov. (Figs. 4,6,7) Parartemia n sp c Timms & Savage, 2004, p 22, 26, 35. Etymology. The specific name is suggested by the boomerang-shaped thick area (short arms at an angle and thickened mid region) on the medial surface of the ventral processes. These fit snugly against the female 11 th thoracopod semispherical bases in amplexus. Holotype. One male, unnamed lake on Gunyidi - Wubin Road, 15.5 km E of Gunyidi, (30 o 07’ 08”S, 116 o 14 ’ 36 ”E), 14 September 2003, BVT, WAM 45211. Allotype. One female, same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45212. Paratypes. Two males, two females, some collecting data as holotype, WAM 45213; two males, two females, same collecting data as holotype, AM P 82972. Description. Male. Length 22.2 mm (head plus thorax 9.1 mm, abdomen 13.1 mm). First antenna (Fig 6 A) filiform, about 1.5 times length of eye plus peduncle. Second antenna. Basal antennomeres (Fig 6 A) fused at an angle of about 45 o from body axis. Ventral margin with paired ventral processes (Fig 6 A) about 2.5 times longer than deep. Distoventral corner of ventral processes broadly rounded and slightly protruding, ventral margin weakly concave and medial margin curved asymmetrically with maximum protrusion about two thirds distance from ventral margin and inner margin well indented into the ventral process, so that whole medial portion of the ventral process unsupported from the ventral margin of the basal antennomere. However this portion with a boomerang-shaped thickened area. Lateral and ventral margins of ventral process clothed with well spaced small spines. Medial area between ventral processes concave. Anterior processes (Fig 6 A) digitiform, small and length about equal to depth of ventral processes. Distal antennomere (Fig 6 A) about twice length of basal antennomere, generally curved medially and tapering to a sharp apex, but apical portion convexly curved and with a tumidity mesially. Thoracic segments with small lateral lobes, increasing in size posteriorly and reaching a maximum on segment 11. Lateral bulge on first genital segment even greater than 11 th lobe, so that maximum body width in genital segments. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, with first two reduced in size and last without an epipodite. Gonopods (Fig 6 B) fused basally. Each free apical portion with a basal sharp spine and a ventrolateral short digitiform process at about two-thirds the length of the appendage. Abdomen with segments increasing in length and decreasing in diameter sequentially 1 to 6, with sixth 1.75 times length and half the diameter of first segment. Female. Length 15.3 mm (head plus thorax 9 mm, abdomen 6.3 mm). Head (Fig 6 C) with first antenna filiform, a little shorter than eye plus peduncle. Second antenna somewhat longer than length of eye plus peduncle, flattened, with parallel sides and a round symmetrical apex bearing a short narrow and pointed appendix. Distinct naupliar eye midway between bases of first antenna. Labrum with a recurved spine. Thoracic segments (Figs. 6 D,E) 1–7 normal, segment 8 with a trapezoid dorsum and small lateral lobes, segment 9 with a prominent dorsal swelling and larger lateral lobes, segment 10 reduced with a narrow dorsum and apparently no lateral lobes and segment 11 with a less reduced dorsum and large lobes extended posteriolaterally into a triangular extension and ventrally into a rounded swelling. Dorsal surfaces of segments 10 and 11 sclerotized. Most thoracopods as in male. First thoracopod (Fig 7 A) reduced in size but hardly in relative size of component parts. Both basal anterior basal setae of endites 4 and 5 elongated. Tenth thoracopod (Fig 7 B) also reduced in size and in relative size of components. Endites 1 + 2 and 3 small and with few posterior setae, exopodite semi-oval, basal anterior seta of endite 4 long, but other anterior setae of normal relative lengths. No 11 th thoracopod, but distinct base in the form of a semispherical mound. Anterior edge of first genital segment (Figs. 6 D,E) a collar with a lateral protrusion reaching anteriorly over lobe of 11 th thoracic segment. Brood pouch (Figs. 6 D,E) wider than long, so that whole structure approaches three times width: length. Anteriolateral and posteriolateral corners prominent and a shallow groove between them. Lobes joined ventrally into a short tubular structure, directected posteriorly bearing the gonopore. FIGURE 7. Female thoracopods. A, P. boomeranga sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; B, P. boomeranga sp. nov. 10 th thoracopod; C, P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod, length; D, P. b i c o r n a n. sp 10 th thoracopod; E, P. laticaudata sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; F, P. laticaudata sp. nov. 10 th thoracopod; G, P. laticaudata sp. nov. 11 th thoracopod; H, P. mouritzi sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; I, P. mouritzi sp. nov. 10 th thoracopod; J, P. purpurea sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; K, P. purpurea sp. nov. 10 th thoracopod; L. P. purpurea sp. nov. 11 th thoracopod; M, P. ve ro n ic a e sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; N, P. veronicae sp. nov., 10 th thoracopod. For further explanation on the thoracopods see legend of Fig. 3. Differential diagnosis. This species is most similar to P. longicaudata, and indeed in an early key (Timms, 2004), males of the two species were inseparable. However, there are a number of minor differences: (a) the ventral processes are proportionally longer in P. boomeranga sp. nov., (b) the medial edge of the ventral processes is much more convex (boomerang shaped) in P. boomeranga sp. nov. than in P. longicaudata, (c) the medial thickened area in the ventral processes in P. longicaudata is almost straight, while in P. boomeranga sp. nov. it is boomerang shaped, (d) the distal antennomere is evenly concavely curved in P. longicaudata, but in P. boomeranga sp. nov. it is unevenly curved because it is thickened midlength and has outwardly curved apices, (e) the sixth abdominal segment is> twice the length of the first in P. longicaudata, but <twice in P. boomeranga sp. nov., (f) the basal spine of the gonopod is curved in P. longicaudata but straight in P. boomeranga sp. nov. and (g) the distal spine is sited about half way along the gonopod in B. longicaudata but two-thirds the distance in P. boomeranga sp. nov. While females of the two species (P. longicaudata, P. boomeranga sp. nov.) share some important characteristics, e.g. the segment 9 large dorsal tumidity and its large lateral lobes, segments 10 and 11 are dorsally sclerotized in both, and there are large ventrolateral tumidities on segment 11 in both. However there are many differences: (a) the first antenna are longer than the eye plus peduncle, and the narrow apical portion of the second antenna is longer than antenna width in P. longicaudata, as opposed to the first antenna being shorter than the eye plus peduncle, and narrow apical portion of second antenna being shorter than its width in P. boomeranga sp. nov., (b) thoracic segment 8 lacks a lateral lobe in P. longicaudata, but has one in P. boomeranga sp. nov., (c) segment 10 is larger than segment 11 in P. longicaudata, but relative size is reversed on P. boomeranga sp. nov., (d) in P. boomeranga sp. nov. segment 11 has large lateral lobes extended posteriorly in triangular projections, and (e) the brood pouch is generally trapezoid in P. longicaudata, but rectangular in P. boomeranga sp. nov. Distribution and ecology. P. boomeranga sp. nov. is known from only a few lakes in a narrow band northeast of Perth from near Gunyidi to Wubin to Kalannie to Cunderin (Timms et al., 2009)(Fig. 4). Most of its known sites are salinised and extant populations have not been located 2006–2008, leading Timms et al. 2009) to suggest this species be listed as Vulnerable under ICUN criteria. Little is known of its ecological requirements, other than a maximum salinity record of 120 g /L (Timms et al. 2009).Published as part of Timms, Brian V, 2010, Six new species of the brine shrimp Parartemia Sayce 1903 (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina) in Western Australia, pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 2715 on pages 11-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19970
Branchinella anatinorhyncha Timms, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textBranchinella anatinorhyncha sp. nov. Figs. 1 C, 2, 3 Etymology. The name is an amalgam based on latin ‘anatin’ meaning ‘duck’ and greek ‘rhynchus’ meaning ‘nose’ and refers to the frontal appendage having the form of a duck bill. Should this shrimp ever become known enough to have a common name, it would be the duckbilled fairy shrimp and hence analogous in the broadest sense to the duck-billed platypus, Ornithorhyncus anatinus. Type locality. Australia, Queensland, Sumana Station 74 km N of Aramac, an unnamed claypan 2 km E of homestead, 22 o 18 ’ 38 ”S, 145 o 23 ’ 08”E, 2 April 2009, collector M. Schwentner & BVT Holotype. Male deposited in Australian Museum (Sydney). Total length 11.9 mm. Accession number AM P 88368. Allotype. Female deposited in Australian Museum (Sydney). Total length 14 mm. Accession number, AM P 88369. Paratypes. Males and females deposited in Australian Museum (Sydney). Accession number, AM P 88370. Other material. 3 males, Australia, Queensland, Sumana Station 74 km N of Aramac, unnamed claypan 5 km NW of homestead, 22 o 16 ’ 40 ”S, 145 o 20 ’ 15 ”E, 28 February 2008, deposited in the collection BVT and in Australian Museum (Sydney); accession number AM P 88371. Diagnosis. Male with unbranched paddle like frontal appendage. Only frontal appendage adornment a minutely frilled edge on basal third of the wider portion. Second antenna with proximal antennomere’s distomedial corner with a small lobe bearing a few short setae. Description. Male. Eyes almost sphaerical, freely projecting on peduncles about the same diameter as the eye. First antennae filiform, about a third longer than second antenna proximal antennomere, terminating in 3–5 long sensory setae. Second antennae. Proximal and distal antennomeres subequal in length. Proximal antennomere cylindrical and with a small tumidity mediodistally bearing many small setae. Proximal antennomeres fused medially. Distal antennomeres evenly curved, narrowing distally and forming the claspers; apical half of claspers with distinct transverse ridges medially. Frontal appendage unbranched with a thick roundish pseudosegmented trunk supporting a long paddle-like blade, twice length of the trunk. Two vesicles lying adjacent in the trunk but divergent in the blade. Basal third of blade with a minutely frilled edge, otherwise edge and both surfaces of blade smooth. Blade apex squarish. Blade generally carried coiled in life, particularly lengthwise, but also across its width. Fifth thoracopod with endite 1 + 2 and 3 evenly curved, the former about three times the size of the later. Anterior setae of endite 1 smooth, a little more than half the length of adjacent posterior setae. Anterior setae of endite 2 half the length of endite 1, bearing a one-sided pecten of spines and attended at its base by a small smooth spine. Endite 3 with an anterior setae bearing one-sided pecten of spines and three times longer than anterior setae of endite 2. Endites 4–6 asymmetrical and covered with small spines. Endites 4 and 5 with two anterior setae and endite 6 with one anterior seta, each about twice the length of the anterior setae of endite 2. These setae of two types. Each endite with a seta of two equal length parts, a wide base with a few long strong spines on each side on proximal half of base and a thin apical part with thinner shorter spines on each side. The second type, on endites 4 and 5 only, of uniform tapering with a bare basal half and a distal half similar to distal half of the first setal type. Posterior setae of all endites long and numbering about 60 on endites 1 +2, 18 on endite 3, then 3, 2, 2 respectively on endites 4–6. Endopod broadly rounded and bearing about 32 spaced posterior feathered setae, those on the medial margin shorter (about same length as anterior setae of endites 4–6) than those on the remainder of the endopod. Exopod oval bearing about 40 posterior setae closely spaced and long and generally bent apically like those on the most of the endopod. Epipodite lanceolate and unadorned. Praeepipodite large and broad, about one and a half the size of endite 1 + 2, and with a smooth unadorned margin. Genital segments similar, gonopods short, about two-fifths the length of first abdominal segment and with a small lateral tumidity. Everted gonopod with a short row of about four triangular spines medially and a narrow field of longer thin spines on opposite side. Cercopods typical for the genus. Female. Eye plus peduncle elongated to be about two thirds second antenna length. First antenna filiform and subequal to second antenna length. Second antenna broad terminating to a symmetrical apex and a little longer than labrum. Fifth thoracopod and cercopods as in male. Genital segments larger than abdominal segments and with brood pouch bulbous anteriorly but tubular posteriorly and terminating between second and third abdominal segments. Egg diameter 169.5 µm and with about 50 irregularly shaped distinct depressions. Walls of depressions wide and rounded and floors flat and moderately dimpled (Timms and Lindsay, 2011). Size. Males range in size from 11.9–14.1 mm (n= 5) and females from 14.0– 14.1 mm (n= 2) so males and females about the same size. Variability. In the five males examined, the frilled edge on the base of the distal portion of the frontal appendage varied by about 10 % in the extent and size, with the holotype about average. The two proximal antennomeres sometimes appear fused at about 60 o instead of the more usual 80–90 o. Differential diagnosis. Branchinella anatinorhyncha sp. nov. differs from other species of Branchinella in its 16 SmtDNA by 4.6 % (Pinceel et al. 2012). Morphologically it is unlike any other species of Branchinella with its frontal appendage unbranched and paddle like. Moreover it has almost no adornments in the form of papillae or setae on its frontal appendage, thus further distinguishing from many species including B. macraeae Timms, B. affinis and those with ramified frontal appendages such as B. frondosa Henry and B. arborea Geddes. It is not unusual for species of Branchinella to have some kind of sensory apparatus on or near the mediodistal corner of the proximal segment of the first antenna (e.g. B. affinis, B, arborea, B. kadjikadji Timms, B. insularis Timms, B. macraeae, B. pinderi Timms), but the lobes bearing setae of B. anatinorhyncha sp. nov. are unique. Perhaps B. anatinorhyncha sp. nov. can be thought as related to B. affinis and associated species in which the frontal appendage instead of branching apically is undivided. Like many species of Branchinella, females lack unique characteristics. Distribution. So far this species is known only from claypans on Sumana Station, but it could well occur in claypans over a wider area north of Aramac/Muttaburra to south of Prairie in inland north Queensland. Resting eggs similar to those known to be B. anatinorhyncha sp. nov. have been found in claypans at Kooroorinya on the Muttaburra to Prairie Road (21 o 20 ’S, 144 o 40 ’E).Published as part of Timms, Brian V, 2012, Further studies on the fairy shrimp genus Branchinella (Crustacea: Anostraca: Thamnocephalidae) in Australia, with descriptions of five new species, pp. 35-60 in Zootaxa 3595 on pages 38-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.25459
Caenestheriella mariae Olesen & Timms, 2005, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Caenestheriella mariae</i> sp. nov. <p> <b>Material examined.</b> All material from Western Australia. <b>Holotype (WAM C34418),</b> male (5,2 mm), gnamma pool on Bushfire Rocks, near Hyden, 32° 26’S, 119° 20’E, 26 July 2003, B.V. Timms. <b>Paratypes: (WAM C34419</b>, allotype <b>),</b> same data as holotype.: <b>(WAM C34420)</b>, same data as holotype; (<b>AM P68560</b>) same data as holotype; <b>(ZMUC CRU­ 4854),</b> same data as holotype (includes specimens for SEM).</p> <p> <i>Other material.</i> Paynes Find Rocks, near Paynes Find, 29° 10’S, 117° 40’E, 15 August 2003, WAM C34421; Remlap Homestead Rocks, near Beacon, 30° 20’S, 117°38’E, 15 August, 2003, WAM C34422; Wanarra Rocks, on Wanarra Station, 29° 31’S, 116° 48’E, 16 August, 2003, WAM C34423; Wardagga Rocks, on Ningham Station, 29° 23’S, 117° 30’E, 16 August 2003, WAM C34424, all collected B.V. Timms.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Male (holotype) carapace 5.2 mm in length (description based on male holotype unless otherwise mentioned). Female (allotype) (ovigerous) carapace 4.8 mm in length. <i>Carapace</i> in both sexes oval, slightly highest anteriorly. Both sexes with relatively distinct umbo, broadest in female. Carapace with approximately 16 growth lines in male, about 18 in female. No distinct sculpturing present between growth lines except some granulations. The male <i>head</i> with three characteristic features: a ventral rostrum, a rounded eye lobe with the compound eye close to the margin, and a dorsal occipital condyle. The rostrum is pointed in lateral view with a pair of convex dorsal margins and a straight ventral margin. The occipital condyle, situated at the dorsal/posterior margin of the head, is bluntly pointed and drawn out posteriorly, and is rather narrow in anterior view (Fig. 4 B). The rectangular dorsal organ is situated anterior to the occipital condyle (Fig. 4 I). The occipital condyle, and the area anterior to it, is densely covered with small cuticular tubercles (Fig. 4 I). The eye lobe and the rostrum together form a 90° angle. The <i>female</i> head differs slightly in shape from that of the male by having a more pointed incision between the eye lobe and the rostrum, and more rounded dorsal margins of the rostrum.</p> <p> The <i>antennule</i> reaches to the third segment of the antennal rami and is subdivided into about 11 setose lobes at the anterior side. The <i>antennal</i> protopod is anteriorly subdivided into about 8 portions, each carrying a row of spines, plus a row of long, slender setae at the proximal­posterior margin. The anterior branch (endopod) has 10 segments, with 6–8 spines at the anterior margin of segments 1–6 and 3–6 long slender setae at the posterior margin. The posterior branch (exopod) has 11 segments with 1–6 spines at the anterior margin and 4–9 long slender setae at the posterior margin.</p> <p> The <i>trunk</i> consists of 19 leg–bearing segments; the posterior legs being small. The posterior 13 or so trunk segments carry backwardly­pointing dorsal spines. <i>The first and second</i> pair of trunk legs are modified as claspers, in general very similar to each other. <i>First clasper leg</i>, <i>right side</i>: The medial margin of the basal and phyllopodous part of the limb is subdivided into three lobes (or endites): the proximal endite is curved and elongate and has a characteristic row of curved setae on one side, which points towards the food groove, and a cluster of slender setae on the other side; the proximal endite is followed distally by a long endite with a row of slender setae along its margin; distally, proximal to the clasper, is a short endite with marginal slender setae. On the lateral margin is attached a tubular, naked epipod and an exopod with a broad setose basal lobe and a slender setose distal lobe. Close to the attachment point on the exopod is a small setose lobe at the anterior face of the limb. The distal and clasping part of the leg is formed of a large, inflated basal portion on which three parts are inserted: a curved ‘movable finger’, and one long and one short palp.</p> <p> <i>Male non­clasping leg</i> (description based on trunk leg 3, right side) elongate in shape with the typical (for spinicaudatans) number and arrangement of lobes and limb parts. The medial margin is subdivided into a distinct proximal endite and four more distal endites gradually becoming smaller from proximal to distal. The proximal endite is elongate and pointed and has rows of setae on both sides. The remaining four endites are simple lobes, each having two rows of slender setae. On the fifth endite is attached a long palp that is weakly biarticulate and bears distal ornamentation (probably sensory). Distal to the fifth endite, and articulated to the limb, is an elongate setose endopod (length: 2/3 of palp). Laterally is attached a tubular epipod, pointing basally, and a large exopod protruding basally into a slender setose lobe and distally into a broader, spatula­like setose lobe.</p> <p> In females, the eggs are carried by dorsal projections of some of the posterior trunk legs. The <i>telson</i> is laterally flattened and has dorsally two rows of about 12­13 spines of varying size with a pair of telsonal setae placed in between the two rows. The telson ends dorsally in a pair of backwardly curved large spines pointing in two different directions. More ventrally, articulated to the telson, is a pair of caudal claws (= furcae) with a few slender setae at the dorso­proximal margin and rows of short scales dorso­distally.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> In 2004 a matrimonial alliance was made between Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and an Australian, Mary Elizabeth Donaldson. Since the present work is the result of another Danish­Australian alliance, we have chosen to name the new species for the new Crown Princess of Denmark, Mary Elizabeth.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Few clam shrimps of the family Cycizidae have been described from Australia (Richter & Timms in press), and <i>Caenestheriella mariae</i> differs from all of these. The number of genera within the Cyzicidae is currently under debate (see Richter & Timms in press), but by using the generic criteria suggested by Daday (1914), this species keys out as <i>Caenestheriella</i>, since it has the combination of a backwardly pointing occipital condyle and a pointed rostrum. Daday’s (1914) generic criteria have been questioned by Brtek (1997) but were followed by Martin (1992) and Richter & Timms (in press). It is beyond the scope of this contribution to judge the validity of Daday’s generic criteria. No matter how the cyzicid genera are defined, <i>Caenestheriella mariae</i> sp. nov. remain a distinct species. Only one Australian species of <i>Caenestheriella</i> has been described previously: <i>Caenestheriella packardi</i> Brady, 1886. This is the species <i>Caenestheriella mariae</i> sp. nov. most closely matches. The original description of <i>Caenestheriella packardi</i> by Brady (1886) is not detailed enough to allow for meaningful comparison, but the redescription by Sars (1895) shows that the head shape differs between the two species on several points. In both species the occipital condyle is pointed backwards, but in <i>Caenestheriella mariae</i> sp. nov. there is a hump before the tip, while this margin is straight in <i>Caenestheriella packardi.</i> Another difference is that the angle between the eye lobe and the rostrum is about 90º in <i>C. mariae</i> while this angle is nearly non­existant in <i>Caenestheriella packardi</i>. The eye lobe is more prominent in <i>Caenestheriella mariae</i> sp. nov. than in <i>C. packardi</i>. Other differences are the presence of broad distal lobes of the trunk limb exopods in <i>Caenestheriella mariae</i> sp. nov. (male, third leg), and the absence of distinct sculpturing between the growth lines of the carapace. In many other respects the two species are very similar.</p> <p> <b>Natural history.</b> All five localities where <i>Caenestheriella mariae</i> sp. nov. has been found are small gnamma (rock) pools on granite outcrops (inselbergs), which is not the case for its presumed closest relative, <i>Caenestheriella packardi</i>. The pools are seasonal, usually filling in winter (July and August) and lasting a few weeks to a few months. Associated branchiopods include <i>Branchinella longiriostris</i> Wolf, 1911 <i>Limnadia badia</i> (Wolf, 1911), and rarely <i>Lynceus macleayanus</i> (King, 1855) and <i>Caenestheria</i> n. sp. (B. Timms, unpublished data). Sometimes these pools are filled by summer storms, but <i>C. mariae</i> has not been found after such events, though <i>Limnadia dahli</i> Sars sometimes occurs (M. Zofkova, personal communication). <i>Caenestheriella mariae</i> normally is found crawling on the rocky bottom of the pools and not on the softer sediments, and appears to scrape algae from the rocky surface. It seems that <i>C. mariae</i>, like <i>Branchinella longirostris</i> and <i>Limnadia badia</i>, is restricted to gnamma pools, as it has not been found in other temporary pools (e.g. claypans, vegetated pools, samphire pans, salinas) in the area.</p>Published as part of <i>Olesen, Jørgen & Timms, Brian, 2005, caudata: Cyzicidae): a new clam shrimp from Western Australia, pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 824</i> on pages 2-7, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/170643">10.5281/zenodo.170643</a>
Parartemia laticaudata Timms, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textParartemia laticaudata sp. nov. (Figs. 4,7,9) Parartemia sp. nov. g, Timms and Savage, 2004, p 22, 23, 36, 37. Parartemia sp. nov. A Clegg and Campagna, 2006, p 120. Etymology. To mark the unusually wide abdomen in males, and to a lesser extent in females, the specific epithet of laticaudata is based on the latin latus meaning wide and cauda meaning tail, and the name formatted to match that of P. longicaudata. Holotype. Male, near Onslow, a unnamed salina near the salt works, (21 o 41 ’ 7 ”S, 115 o 04’ 25 ”E), 10 May 2006, B. Datson, WAM 45221. Allotype. Female, same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45222. Paratypes. Three males, three females, same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45223; three males, three females, same collecting data as holotype, AM P 82974. Other material. 8 males, 5 females, Lake Way, about 20 km S of Wiluna, (26 o 43 ’ 21 ”S, 120 o 14 ’ 33 ”E) 12 March 2005, V. Campagna, WAM 45224, 5 males, 5 females, Lake Miranda, about 30 km N of Leinster, (27 o 39 ’ 05”S, 120 o 34 ’ 07”E), 9 March 2004, V. Campagna, WAM 45225; 10 males, 1 female, Shark Bay, small gypsum lake at Useless Loop Salt Works,(26 o 14 ’ 13 ”S, 113 o 25 ’E), 10 August 2003, B. Datson, WAM 45226; 10 males, 10 females, small salina near Lake Carey, about 40 km S of Laverton, (29 o 00’ 24 ”S, 122 o 25 ’ 28 ”E), 25 March 2003, BVT, WAM 45227; 10 males, 10 females, Lake Raeside, about 22 km SE of Leonora, (29 o 00’ 30 ”S, 121 o 30 ’E), 22 January 2007, BVT, WAM 45228. Description. Male. Length 18 mm (head plus thorax 8 mm, abdomen 10 mm). First antenna (Fig 9 A) filiform subequal in length to eye plus peduncle. Second antenna. Basal antennomeres (Fig 9 A) of second antenna fused proximally at about 55 o from body axis. Ventral margin with paired linear ventral processes (Fig 9 A) a little more than twice as long as the average depth with ventral edge markedly concave and with both corners (ventrolateral and ventromedial) rounded and protruding, especially the ventrolateral. Margin of ventral processes with occasional short minute spines. Area between ventral processes with a small nipple-like medial process. No anterior processes, instead a convex ridge posterior and dorsal to the medial part of the ventral process (Fig 9 A). Distal antennomere (Fig 9 A) of second antenna about twice the length of basal antennomere, curved and tapering with a slight mesial thickening. Thoracic segments (Fig 9 B) tumid laterally and increasing in width slightly from 1 to 11. Genital and especially abdominal segments tumid laterally, being particularly wide. Genital segments longer than thoracomeres, but slightly narrower than preceding thoracic segments, while first two abdominal segments widest and largest of all. Abdominal segments decreasing in width but increasing in length 1 to 6; last segment about 1.5 times length of first and half its width. Cercopods subequal in length to 5 th abdominal segment. Gonopods (Fig 9 C) paired. Basal parts fused together and about twice diameter of free apical part. Each free portion with a prominent asymmetrical spine and a small digitiform process mediolaterally and positioned at about two-thirds the length of the apical tube. Thoracopod 5 similar to that of P. longicaudata, but it differs in some details, particularly in having about 13 medial endopodal posterior setae each hooked terminally and with a strong one-sided pectin on apical half. The larger anterior setae (i.e. setae of endites 1, 4, 5 and 6) also different from usual in that their double pectins of spines are thinner and more numerous on one side than the other. Further, the endopodite, although convexly curved, is wider than high. First and eleventh thoracopods noticeably reduced in size and with 11 th lacking an epipodite and praeepipodite. Female. Length 8.6 mm (head plus thorax 5 mm, abdomen 3.6 mm) Head (Fig 9 E) with first antennae filiform and short, about half length of eye plus peduncle. Second antennae a little longer than labrum and narrowing gradually to a sharp apex. Naupliar eye prominent midway between compound eyes. Labrum with a prominent recurved spine. Thorax (Fig 9 F) normal until thoracomere 9. This thoracomere widest of all and with three tumidities, one middorsal and one each laterally. Thoracomere 10 sclerotized dorsolaterally; dorsum not sclerotized, the two areas meeting in an arcshaped ridge. Segment 11 widened laterioposteriorly, this enlargement supporting the stump of thoracopod ventrally. Brood pouch with each lobe roughly oval, joined ventrally to a short gonopore borne on a posteriorly directed tubular structure. Abdominal segments oval in cross section, with first two much enlarged laterally, so that first segment as wide as thoracic segment 10. Abdominal segments decrease in diameter sequentially 1 to 6 and also increase slightly in length. Fifth thoracopod as in male, but smaller and with fewer posterior setae, e.g. only 8 medial setae on endopodite, instead of about 13. First and 10 th thoracopods reduced to less than half size of thoracopods 3 – 9. First (Fig 7 E) with all components present but with exopod less protrusive then endopod, with long basal anterior setae of endites 4 and 5 and thick (3 times thicker then adjacent anterior setae) anterior seta of endite 1. Tenth thoracopod (Fig 7 F) without an epipodite and with much reduced endites, particularly 1 + 2 and 3. Exopod a little longer than endopod, but not to extent as in thoracopods 3–9. Eleventh thoracopod (Fig 7 G) markedly reduced to just a triangular base bearing two short setae. Resting eggs round without any surface sculpturing, but clothed in minute hairs (V. Campagna, pers.comm.). Variability. Reproductive males vary from 8.5 mm in Lake Miranda to 18.5 mm in the salina near Lake Carey, while ovigerous females vary from 7 mm in Lake Miranda to 13 mm in the Carey salina. Combined with the type material this gives male: female length ratios ranging from 1.21 to 2.01! One of the Miranda males has one gonopod everted. The everted gonopod (Fig 9 D) has an uneven bulbous part terminating in a small tubular section (equivalent to the proboscis mentioned in Brendonck, 1995). The bulbous section has 7 asymmetrical triangular denticles on one side and two on the other, but closer to the base. The most variable characteristic in males is the development of the medial process; in many specimens it is almost absent, thus giving the general appearance of a convex surface between the medial bases of the ventral processes. The width of the first and second segments of the abdomen is not quite as wide as the 11 th thoracomere or 1 st genital segment in some populations. Other variable features include the angle of fusion of the basal antennomeres which ranges from 10 o to 35 o, and the basal spine of the free portion of the gonopod is often an equilateral triangle rather than being asymmetrical. In females the most concerning variability is in the relative development of the tumidities of thoracic segment 9 – they may be hardly present in some specimens, mainly immatures. Likewise the first abdominal segment is not always greater than 2.5 times the width of the 6 th segment; lower values of around 2 are seen mainly in immature females. Differential diagnosis. Male P. laticaudata sp. nov. are distinctive with their unusually wide abdomens. Specimens with longer medial processes could be confused with P. contracta or P. informis, but both of these species, besides having a normal proportioned abdomens, have distinct anterior processes as opposed to none in P. laticaudata sp. nov. Specimens with no apparent medial processes could be confused with either P. longicaudata or P. boomeranga sp. nov. Again both of these have anterior processes, and furthermore P. longicaudata has long abdomen due in part to its long segment 6 (see description of P. longicaudata). Female P. laticaudata sp. nov. belongs to a group of species with distinct tumidities on later thoracic segments. In the case of P. laticaudata sp. nov. these are only on thoracomere 9 and consist of a medial and two lateral tumidities. This distinguishes it from P. purpurea sp. nov. which has two small lateral tumidities on thoracomere 7, from P. serventyi which has a single tumidity on thoracomere 8 and P. veronicae sp. nov. which has two lateral tumidities on thoracomere 10 and 4 on thoracomere 11. Parartemia informis, P. longcaudata and P. boomeranga sp. nov. have a tumidity on thoracomere 9, but it is single and each has lateral lobes on later thoracomeres, whereas Parartemia laticaudata sp. nov. lacks thoracic lateral lobes and has 3 tumidities on thoracomere 9. Distribution and ecology. Parartemia laticaudata sp. nov. seems to be widespread in northern Western Australia and also in central Northern Territory (Timms et al. 2009), but is rarely collected because of the remoteness of this area. In Western Australia it has been found in the northern Goldfields, coastal Carnarvon, coastal Pilbara and also in Lake Disappointment in the Little Sandy Desert Bioregion (Fig. 4). Known field salinity range is 8 to 141 g /L (Timms et al. 2009). The stress proteins p 26, artemin and hsp 70 have been found in the resting eggs of this species, as in Artemia franciscana eggs, but at lower concentrations (Clegg and Campagna, 2006). Together with the presence of the disaccharide trehalose which protects against desiccation, these substances are important adaptations to withstand the severe saline environments in which they occur.Published as part of Timms, Brian V, 2010, Six new species of the brine shrimp Parartemia Sayce 1903 (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina) in Western Australia, pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 2715 on pages 18-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19970
Parartemia yarleensis Timms & Hudson, 2009, n. sp.
No full textParartemia yarleensis n. sp. (Figure 7) Type material. Holotype. Male, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Yarle Lake system, most likely Choolalie Lake (30 o 17 ’ 20 ”S, 131 o 31 ’00”E), (approx 15 km S of Maralinga), 16 September 1979, J. Glover, SAM C 6779; Allotype. Female, same collecting data as holotype, SAM 6782; Paratypes. Two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6781. Other material. About 20 males and five females, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Yarle Lakes, most likely Choolalie Lake (30 o 17 ’ 20 ”S, 131 o 31 ’00”E), (approx 15 km S of Maralinga), 16 September 1979, J. Glover, SAM C 6782; many males, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Labyrinth, (30 ° 41 ’ 30 ”S, 135 ° 11 ’ 55 ”E), (approx 27 km NW Kingoonya), 12 June 2004, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6783; many juveniles, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, “Carters Well Lake”, (30 ° 51 ’01”S, 134 ° 58 ’ 35 ”E), (approx 42 km ESE of Tarcoola), 13 June 2004, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6808; many juveniles, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Harris, (31 o 08’ 51 ”S, 135 o 18 ’ 30 ”E), (approx 20 km S Kingoonya), 19 March 2003, P. Hudson and G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6786; many juveniles; SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Ironstone Lagoon, (31 ° 42 ’S, 137 ° 13 ’ 30 ’’E), (approx 65 km SE of Woomera), 1 February, 2007, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6784; many juvenile males, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Gilles, (33 °01’ 25 ”S, 136 ° 36 ’07”E), (approx 20 km NE of Kimba), 6 August 2005, P. Hudson, SAM C 6785. Description. Male. Length 18 mm (head plus thorax 7.5 mm, abdomen 10.5 mm). Head (Fig. 7 A) with first antenna filiform, a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Proximal antennomeres of second antenna fused basially at an angle of about 75 degrees from body axis. Ventral edge of fused antennomeres with paired ventral processes (VP, Fig 7 A) three times longer than deep and with length of lateral edge about half that of medial edge. Lateral corner of ventral process protruding slightly, frontal edge only slightly concave, medial corner rounded, and all edges with a few denticles. Small conical mound (CM, Fig, 7 B) on ventroposterior surface under lateral corner. Area between ventral processes trapezoid, with a short digitiform medial process (MP, Fig 7 A) less than one quarter of depth of medial edge of transverse process. Anterior surface of fused antennomere with paired ridges parallel to body axis and terminating in anterior processes (AP, Fig 7 A) with a broad base but digitiform apical half. Anterioventral surface of fused antennomere marked in sunken polygons (SP, Fig 7 A). Distal second antenna antennomere subcylindrical, slightly concavely curved and tapering to a sharp apex. Length about 1.6 times proximal antennomere. Labrum without a spine. Thorax gradually widening posteriorly to 11 th segment, mainly by increasingly larger lateral lobes, tending asymmetrical (i.e. maximum width displaced from middle of lobe) segments 7–10 (L, Fig. 7 C). Genital segments narrower than 11 th thoracic segment and abdomen continually narrowing so that 6 th segment about 2 / 3 rds width of first segment. Thoracopods (Fig 7 E) of the Parartemia type as described for P. acidiphila n. sp., except for fewer posterior setae on endites 1 +2, 3, endopodite and exopodite (c.45, 11, 26 and 35 respectively). Posterior setae on medial edge of endopodite more numerous than usual (11 cf c. 7), particularly strong, curved apically and with a short pecten apically (EPS, Fig 7 E). Paired gonopods with a spines subapically and a short digitiform processes (DP, Fig. 7 D) on the shoulder of wider basal part, neither hooked. No type specimens with gonopods everted. Abdominal segments serially decreasing in diameter and increasing in length posteriorly. Sixth segment about twice as long as first segment. Cercopods subequal in length to sixth abdominal segment and with setae medially and laterally. Description. Female. Length 11.3 mm. Head (Fig. 7 F) with first antenna filiform, about length of eye plus peduncle. Second antenna about twice length of eye plus peduncle, flattened and with its widest area about two-thirds its length towards the apex, followed by a marked narrowing to an acute apex on the posterior side. Apex curved like the recurved labrum spine. Thoracic segments (Fig. 7 G) expanded laterally by distinct lobes, increasing in size and degree of asymmetry (i.e. displacement of widest point from centre of lobe) serially segments 5 to 9. Segment 10 with very different lateral lobes, expanded anteriorly, free in allotype and dorsal to lobe of 9 th segment. Segment 11 with a narrow triangular lateral lobe. In lateral profile (Fig. 7 H), segments 9 to 11 not raised dorsally as much as anterior segments. Segment 8 swollen dorsally. Paired brood pouches separate, oval, unlobed but joined ventrally to a gonoduct shorter than the depth of the brood pouch. Each pouch with numerous spherical smooth surfaced eggs. Thorax with only 10 pairs of thoracopods and 10 th thoracopod reduced to about half size of other thoracopods. Anterior setae of 10 th thoracopod typical, but few posterior setae on all parts and lacking an epipodite but with reduced praepipodite (Fig. 7 I). Fifth thoracopod as in male. Abdomen as in male, but surface denticulate. Etymology. The species is named after the type locality. Variability. Though this species is known from a few sites, many of these had only juvenile males, so variation between sites is hardly studied. Within the type locality some males had more bulbous lateral corners to their ventral processes than the holotype. Among females, the second antennal apex is not always curved and the lateral lobe of the 10 th thoracic segment varied within and between sites, with it being attached to the lobe of the 9 th segment, often in younger females. Differential diagnosis. Male P. yarleensis has a head (specifically a medial process and ventral processes) broadly similar to those of P. informis, P. serventyi and P. contracta, but unlike those species, has distinct thoracic lobes. These lobes are not as large as in P. cylindrifera and in Parartem ia sp. g (as illustrated in Timms 2004), but broadly similar to those of P. auriciforma n. sp. and P. triquetra n. sp. While the latter two species occur in the same general area as P. yarleensis n. sp., they are easily distinguished as neither have the medial process between the ventral processes as in P. yarleensis n. sp. Female P. y a r l e e n s i s n. sp. also share many features with local species P. auriciforma n. sp. and P. triquetra n. sp., such as thoracic lateral lobes, round to oval brood chambers and greatly reduced or absent 11 th thoracopods. However, P. yarleensis is distinctive by reason of superficial dorsal swelling on the 8 th segment (somewhat like that in P. serventyi), and the bulbous lateral lobes of segment 10. It cannot be confused with P. serventyi as this species has posterior lobes on its brood pouches, no thoracic lateral lobes, and paired dorsolateral swellings on segment 9. Type locality. Yarle Lakes is a series of lakes south of Maralinga that fill episodically and are ‘very saline’ according to collecting data. There is some doubt over which one of the lakes was sampled, but examination of the field notes of J. Glover’s participants of the field trip, the probable collection site of Choolalie Lake was established on the basis of sketch map of the area. FIGURE 7. Parartemia yarleensis n. sp. Male A-E, Holotype; Female, F-I Allotype; both from Yarle Lakes, most likely Lake Choolalie, SA. A, anterior view of head with first and second antennae (VP = ventral processes, AP = anterior processes, MP = medial process, SP = sunken polygons); B, posterior view of one side of basal antennomere of second antenna showing the conical mound (CM) behind the ventral process; C, dorsal view of body from head to cercopods showing segmental lobes (L); D, gonopods with genital segments showing digitform processes (DP); E, Fifth thoracopod with pectin bearing endopod posterior setae labelled (EPS); F, Lateral view of head; G, dorsal view of thoracic segments 4-11, genital segments, brood pouches and first two abdominal segments; H, lateral view of posterior thorax and adjacent brood pouch; I, 10 th thoracopod. Scale bars 1 mm. Distribution and ecology. P. yarleensis n. sp. is known from a broad arc of lakes extending from Woomera to Maralinga in the northwest of South Australia (Fig. 4). The collection from Ironstone Lagoon also contains P. m i n u t a, a species smaller than P. y a r l e e n s i s (P. m i n u t a males mean 8.7 mm, 10 specimens, females mean 5.2 mm, 10 specimens). Such a congeneric occurrence is rare in Parartemia (A. Savage, pers. comm.; B. Timms, unpublished data) possibly because most species of Parartemia do what P. zietziana does and that is they live on resuspended organic matter (Marchant and Williams, 1977), as opposed to algal eating Branchinella, in which congeneric occurrence of different sized species and hence filtering ranges, are common (e.g. Timms & Sanders, 2002).Published as part of Timms, Brian V & Hudson, Peter, 2009, The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina), pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2248 on pages 60-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19074
Paralimnadia monaro Timms, 2016, n. sp.
No full textParalimnadia monaro n. sp. (Figs. 4, 11, 17) Etymology. The name for this species is taken from the district name, the Monaro plateau, so that specific epithet ‘monaro’ is a noun in apposition. Type material. Holotype: AM P99011, male, length 8.1 mm, height 4.8 mm, New South Wales, 11.7 km north of Berridale, roadside pond on ‘ Stoneleigh,’ 36°15’41.4”S, 148°47’42.1”E, 14 March 2010, BVT. Allotype: AM P99012, female, length 9.0 mm, height 5.7 mm, collected with holotype. Paratypes: AM P99013, 5 males, 8.9 × 5.7 mm, 8.8 × 5.1 mm, 8.3 × 5.0 mm, 7.9 × 4.8 mm, 7.9 × 4.8 mm, 5 females, 9.5 × 6.7 mm, 8.9 × 6.0 mm, 8.7 × 5.1 mm, 8.4 × 5.8 mm, 7.8 × 5.1 mm, collected with holotype. Other material examined. New South Wales, 4 males, 3 females, near Berridale, AM P55642; 14 males, 26 females, 18.6 km west of Cooma, pan on ‘ Manderley,’ 36°14’53.6”S, 148°53’ 22.0”E, 1 February 1996, BVT, AM P47129; 4 males, 2 females,‘ Cow pool’ on ‘ Manderley,’ 36°14’53.1”S, 148°53’22.1”E, 3 March 2010, M. Schwentner, AM P82784. Diagnosis. Egg consists of 2 bands of ridge-groove sets at right angles. Male rostrum significantly larger (ca. 2 ×) than ocular tubercle and with rounded apex. About 15 telsonic denticles and 25) from P. monaro n. sp. (ca. 15), but P. cygnorum and P. hyposalina n. sp. have about 14–18 so are not distinguished. Paralimandia hyposalina n. sp. and particularly P. monaro n. sp. have few or no setules on the basal segment of the cercopod setae, whereas all other species of Paralimandia have many. Their eggs and distributions, however, are very different (see text). Distribution and ecology. This species occurs in small ponds on both granite and basalt on the Monaro plateau in southeast New South Wales (Fig. 4).Published as part of Timms, Brian V., 2016, A review of the Australian endemic clam shrimp, Paralimnadia Sars 1896 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata), pp. 451-508 in Zootaxa 4161 (4) on pages 482-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4161.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26644
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