122,855 research outputs found
Eulimnadia kimberleyensis Timms, 2018, sp. nov.
No full textEulimnadia kimberleyensis sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2). Etymology. This species is named for the area of Australia in which it occurs. Type material. Holotype. Female. Rock pool. Western Australia, Kimberley, Gardner Plateau, from 14o 47’ 2.1”S, 126o 31’ 18.9”E. Length 4 mm, height 3.1 mm (WAM C72086), coll A. Cross, March 2012. Paratypes. Two females. Lengths 4.0 and 3.9 mm (WAM C72087) from the same locality. Diagnosis. Egg spherical with about 36 grooves arranged randomly and about 30 µm long; walls of grooves thick and rounded with surface usually crenulated at right angles to groove axis. Female first antennae with about three lobes; second antennae with 7 antennomeres and generally 4–5 spines dorsally. Telson with about 19 dorsal spines and cercopod with about 8 long setae. Description. Egg (Fig 1A, B, C). Spherical, mean diameter 128 µm, range 122 to 134 µm, n = 10. Surface with about 36 (range 33–42, n = 10) grooves each about 30 µm long and arranged randomly. Tertiary layer represented by the apparent groove walls spongiform and thick and rounded, though surface usually crenulated at right angles to the major axis; sometimes a minor elevated area where walls of adjacent grooves confluent. In cross section, each groove—wall system consists of 80–90% wall and only 10–20% flat-floored groove with a distinct demarcation between the two. Female. Head (Fig. 2B) with ocular tubercle prominent, the compound eye occupying most (ca 80%) of it. Rostrum broadly rounded and protruding a little less than the ocular tubercle. Ocellus about as large as the compound eye and located in the middle base of the rostrum. Frons-rostrum angle about 150o. Dorsal organ posterior to the eye by about its height, pedunculated, asymmetrical and about half as high as the ocular tubercle. First antenna (Fig 2B) short, about 40% the length of the peduncle of the second antenna, and with three lobes, each with short sensory fine setae. Second antenna (Fig 2C) with 7 antennomeres, most (II to VI) with 4–5 short spines dorsally and 3–5 long setae ventrally. Basal antennomere with just 3 spines and a seta while distal antennomere with 2 spines and about seven setae. Carapace (Fig 2A) elongated oval with a vaulted dorsal and ventral edge and weak anterodorsal and posterodorsal angles. Abductor muscle scar at about 45o to carapace long axis. Carapace pellucid and without markings except for five growth lines, generally well spaced except near the ventral edge. Trunk of 18 segments. Dorsal surface of posteriormost 9–10 segments with many long two-segmented setae and sometimes shorter spines. Thoracopods of trunk segments IX and X with long epipods for retaining eggs. Telson (Fig 2D) with 9 dorsal spines followed by a large spiniform projection, the first spine about 20% larger than the next few followed by some variation in size and spacing along the row. Spines smooth. Telsonic filaments inserted on a mound between 2nd and 3rd spine. A moderate declivity posterior to the mound, remainder of telsonic floor sloping evenly and gently to cercopod base. Cercopod a little shorter than telson length and with a short spine about 80% along its length separating a thicker basal area supporting setae from a thinning distal area with a weak cirrus of small denticles. Short laminate spine with about 7 serrations on anterior surface and two small spines near the base. (see Fig. 2D insert). Eight long cercopod setae, their length about twice the basal diameter of the cercopod. Prominent spiniform projection on ventroposterior corner of telson. Variability. There are only three specimens available, so little can be added on variability of the above characters. Sometimes there are only six antennomeres though whether this is natural or damaged is not certain. Telsonic spines may number 8–10 and and cercopod setae 7–10. Differential diagnosis. There is no doubt this species belongs to the genus Eulimnadia. The diagnostic character is a spiniform projection on the ventroposterior corner of the telson (Rogers et al., 2012). In addition most Eulimnadia, including this species, have a spine on the cercopod at about 4/5ths its length and the antenna has about 7–8 antennomeres on each flagellum (Timms, 2016a). However, because of the limited number of specimens and lack of males the description of this species is minimal. Nevertheless species specific egg morphology in this genus (Belk, 1989; Rabet, 2010; Timms, 2016a) provides characters to separate species and in some cases is about the only distinguishing character, e.g. E. graniticola Rogers et al. 2010). However, for Australian species species specific egg morphology has been supported by features of the cercopods and sometimes a few other characters as well from the telson, claspers, antenna and head (Timms, 2016a). This dictum applies to this species. In this case the egg morphology is certainly the most distinguishing feature, though a combination of less important characters (a cercopod with 8 uniform setae, just nine unevenly spaced telsonic spines and a first antenna of just three lobes) help to define it. The most similar eggs are of E. beverleyae Timms, 2016 and E. uluruensis Timms, 2016. Eggs of E. beverleyae (Fig. 3F, Timms 2016a) have about 30 grooves, each about 40 µm long, and of the same tertiary material as their walls, whereas in E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. there are but 40 grooves, 40 µm long and of different tertiary material to that of the walls. In addition E. beverleyae has 11–13 cercopod setae whereas E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. has only about 8 cercopod setae. In E. uluruensis (Fig.9 H. Timms, 2016a) the grooves number about 28, lie within distinct polygons with low lateral ridges and a knobbly surface, a situation quite different to that in E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. (see above). Though E. uluruensis has telsonic spines reminiscent of E. kimberleyenesis sp. nov., the cercopod setae of E. uluruensis are shorter than those of E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. Given E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. lies within the distribution of the widespread and variable E. dahli Sars 1896, it is appropriate to detail their distinctiveness. Firstly, habitat choice is not distinctive— E. dahli occurs in gnammas in limestone in northwest Queensland (Timms, 2016a) and also in granite in the Pilbara (author unpublished data) while E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. occurs in sandstone gnammas in between these areas. However, their eggs are entirely different, those of E. dahli have ca. 20 surface polygons, while those of E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. have ca.36 grooves. Eulimnadia dahli typically (but not always) has 20 trunk segments, and E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. the standard 18. Furthermore E. dahli has ca. 15 telsonic spines and ca 18 cercopod setae, whereas E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. has ca 9 and 8 respectively, a difference wide enough to be certain of identity. Distribution. Known only from gnammas on the Gardner Plateau, Kimberley. These pools fill during the wet season, November to April, and the deeper pools (averaging 46 mm) support aquatic plants (Cross et al., 2015a, 2015b). No information is available on their fauna, except that a few pools support the new species of clam shrimp described here plus Limnadopsis multilineata Timms 2009.Published as part of Brian V Timms, 2018, Three new species of spinicaudatan clam shrimps from Australia, all from gnammas (rock pools), pp. 136-148 in Zootaxa 4418 (2) on pages 137-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/124533
Paralimnadia monaro Timms, 2016, n. sp.
No full textParalimnadia monaro n. sp. (Figs. 4, 11, 17) Etymology. The name for this species is taken from the district name, the Monaro plateau, so that specific epithet ‘monaro’ is a noun in apposition. Type material. Holotype: AM P99011, male, length 8.1 mm, height 4.8 mm, New South Wales, 11.7 km north of Berridale, roadside pond on ‘ Stoneleigh,’ 36°15’41.4”S, 148°47’42.1”E, 14 March 2010, BVT. Allotype: AM P99012, female, length 9.0 mm, height 5.7 mm, collected with holotype. Paratypes: AM P99013, 5 males, 8.9 × 5.7 mm, 8.8 × 5.1 mm, 8.3 × 5.0 mm, 7.9 × 4.8 mm, 7.9 × 4.8 mm, 5 females, 9.5 × 6.7 mm, 8.9 × 6.0 mm, 8.7 × 5.1 mm, 8.4 × 5.8 mm, 7.8 × 5.1 mm, collected with holotype. Other material examined. New South Wales, 4 males, 3 females, near Berridale, AM P55642; 14 males, 26 females, 18.6 km west of Cooma, pan on ‘ Manderley,’ 36°14’53.6”S, 148°53’ 22.0”E, 1 February 1996, BVT, AM P47129; 4 males, 2 females,‘ Cow pool’ on ‘ Manderley,’ 36°14’53.1”S, 148°53’22.1”E, 3 March 2010, M. Schwentner, AM P82784. Diagnosis. Egg consists of 2 bands of ridge-groove sets at right angles. Male rostrum significantly larger (ca. 2 ×) than ocular tubercle and with rounded apex. About 15 telsonic denticles and 25) from P. monaro n. sp. (ca. 15), but P. cygnorum and P. hyposalina n. sp. have about 14–18 so are not distinguished. Paralimandia hyposalina n. sp. and particularly P. monaro n. sp. have few or no setules on the basal segment of the cercopod setae, whereas all other species of Paralimandia have many. Their eggs and distributions, however, are very different (see text). Distribution and ecology. This species occurs in small ponds on both granite and basalt on the Monaro plateau in southeast New South Wales (Fig. 4).Published as part of Timms, Brian V., 2016, A review of the Australian endemic clam shrimp, Paralimnadia Sars 1896 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata), pp. 451-508 in Zootaxa 4161 (4) on pages 482-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4161.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26644
Parartemia yarleensis Timms & Hudson, 2009, n. sp.
No full textParartemia yarleensis n. sp. (Figure 7) Type material. Holotype. Male, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Yarle Lake system, most likely Choolalie Lake (30 o 17 ’ 20 ”S, 131 o 31 ’00”E), (approx 15 km S of Maralinga), 16 September 1979, J. Glover, SAM C 6779; Allotype. Female, same collecting data as holotype, SAM 6782; Paratypes. Two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6781. Other material. About 20 males and five females, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Yarle Lakes, most likely Choolalie Lake (30 o 17 ’ 20 ”S, 131 o 31 ’00”E), (approx 15 km S of Maralinga), 16 September 1979, J. Glover, SAM C 6782; many males, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Labyrinth, (30 ° 41 ’ 30 ”S, 135 ° 11 ’ 55 ”E), (approx 27 km NW Kingoonya), 12 June 2004, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6783; many juveniles, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, “Carters Well Lake”, (30 ° 51 ’01”S, 134 ° 58 ’ 35 ”E), (approx 42 km ESE of Tarcoola), 13 June 2004, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6808; many juveniles, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Harris, (31 o 08’ 51 ”S, 135 o 18 ’ 30 ”E), (approx 20 km S Kingoonya), 19 March 2003, P. Hudson and G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6786; many juveniles; SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Ironstone Lagoon, (31 ° 42 ’S, 137 ° 13 ’ 30 ’’E), (approx 65 km SE of Woomera), 1 February, 2007, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6784; many juvenile males, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Gilles, (33 °01’ 25 ”S, 136 ° 36 ’07”E), (approx 20 km NE of Kimba), 6 August 2005, P. Hudson, SAM C 6785. Description. Male. Length 18 mm (head plus thorax 7.5 mm, abdomen 10.5 mm). Head (Fig. 7 A) with first antenna filiform, a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Proximal antennomeres of second antenna fused basially at an angle of about 75 degrees from body axis. Ventral edge of fused antennomeres with paired ventral processes (VP, Fig 7 A) three times longer than deep and with length of lateral edge about half that of medial edge. Lateral corner of ventral process protruding slightly, frontal edge only slightly concave, medial corner rounded, and all edges with a few denticles. Small conical mound (CM, Fig, 7 B) on ventroposterior surface under lateral corner. Area between ventral processes trapezoid, with a short digitiform medial process (MP, Fig 7 A) less than one quarter of depth of medial edge of transverse process. Anterior surface of fused antennomere with paired ridges parallel to body axis and terminating in anterior processes (AP, Fig 7 A) with a broad base but digitiform apical half. Anterioventral surface of fused antennomere marked in sunken polygons (SP, Fig 7 A). Distal second antenna antennomere subcylindrical, slightly concavely curved and tapering to a sharp apex. Length about 1.6 times proximal antennomere. Labrum without a spine. Thorax gradually widening posteriorly to 11 th segment, mainly by increasingly larger lateral lobes, tending asymmetrical (i.e. maximum width displaced from middle of lobe) segments 7–10 (L, Fig. 7 C). Genital segments narrower than 11 th thoracic segment and abdomen continually narrowing so that 6 th segment about 2 / 3 rds width of first segment. Thoracopods (Fig 7 E) of the Parartemia type as described for P. acidiphila n. sp., except for fewer posterior setae on endites 1 +2, 3, endopodite and exopodite (c.45, 11, 26 and 35 respectively). Posterior setae on medial edge of endopodite more numerous than usual (11 cf c. 7), particularly strong, curved apically and with a short pecten apically (EPS, Fig 7 E). Paired gonopods with a spines subapically and a short digitiform processes (DP, Fig. 7 D) on the shoulder of wider basal part, neither hooked. No type specimens with gonopods everted. Abdominal segments serially decreasing in diameter and increasing in length posteriorly. Sixth segment about twice as long as first segment. Cercopods subequal in length to sixth abdominal segment and with setae medially and laterally. Description. Female. Length 11.3 mm. Head (Fig. 7 F) with first antenna filiform, about length of eye plus peduncle. Second antenna about twice length of eye plus peduncle, flattened and with its widest area about two-thirds its length towards the apex, followed by a marked narrowing to an acute apex on the posterior side. Apex curved like the recurved labrum spine. Thoracic segments (Fig. 7 G) expanded laterally by distinct lobes, increasing in size and degree of asymmetry (i.e. displacement of widest point from centre of lobe) serially segments 5 to 9. Segment 10 with very different lateral lobes, expanded anteriorly, free in allotype and dorsal to lobe of 9 th segment. Segment 11 with a narrow triangular lateral lobe. In lateral profile (Fig. 7 H), segments 9 to 11 not raised dorsally as much as anterior segments. Segment 8 swollen dorsally. Paired brood pouches separate, oval, unlobed but joined ventrally to a gonoduct shorter than the depth of the brood pouch. Each pouch with numerous spherical smooth surfaced eggs. Thorax with only 10 pairs of thoracopods and 10 th thoracopod reduced to about half size of other thoracopods. Anterior setae of 10 th thoracopod typical, but few posterior setae on all parts and lacking an epipodite but with reduced praepipodite (Fig. 7 I). Fifth thoracopod as in male. Abdomen as in male, but surface denticulate. Etymology. The species is named after the type locality. Variability. Though this species is known from a few sites, many of these had only juvenile males, so variation between sites is hardly studied. Within the type locality some males had more bulbous lateral corners to their ventral processes than the holotype. Among females, the second antennal apex is not always curved and the lateral lobe of the 10 th thoracic segment varied within and between sites, with it being attached to the lobe of the 9 th segment, often in younger females. Differential diagnosis. Male P. yarleensis has a head (specifically a medial process and ventral processes) broadly similar to those of P. informis, P. serventyi and P. contracta, but unlike those species, has distinct thoracic lobes. These lobes are not as large as in P. cylindrifera and in Parartem ia sp. g (as illustrated in Timms 2004), but broadly similar to those of P. auriciforma n. sp. and P. triquetra n. sp. While the latter two species occur in the same general area as P. yarleensis n. sp., they are easily distinguished as neither have the medial process between the ventral processes as in P. yarleensis n. sp. Female P. y a r l e e n s i s n. sp. also share many features with local species P. auriciforma n. sp. and P. triquetra n. sp., such as thoracic lateral lobes, round to oval brood chambers and greatly reduced or absent 11 th thoracopods. However, P. yarleensis is distinctive by reason of superficial dorsal swelling on the 8 th segment (somewhat like that in P. serventyi), and the bulbous lateral lobes of segment 10. It cannot be confused with P. serventyi as this species has posterior lobes on its brood pouches, no thoracic lateral lobes, and paired dorsolateral swellings on segment 9. Type locality. Yarle Lakes is a series of lakes south of Maralinga that fill episodically and are ‘very saline’ according to collecting data. There is some doubt over which one of the lakes was sampled, but examination of the field notes of J. Glover’s participants of the field trip, the probable collection site of Choolalie Lake was established on the basis of sketch map of the area. FIGURE 7. Parartemia yarleensis n. sp. Male A-E, Holotype; Female, F-I Allotype; both from Yarle Lakes, most likely Lake Choolalie, SA. A, anterior view of head with first and second antennae (VP = ventral processes, AP = anterior processes, MP = medial process, SP = sunken polygons); B, posterior view of one side of basal antennomere of second antenna showing the conical mound (CM) behind the ventral process; C, dorsal view of body from head to cercopods showing segmental lobes (L); D, gonopods with genital segments showing digitform processes (DP); E, Fifth thoracopod with pectin bearing endopod posterior setae labelled (EPS); F, Lateral view of head; G, dorsal view of thoracic segments 4-11, genital segments, brood pouches and first two abdominal segments; H, lateral view of posterior thorax and adjacent brood pouch; I, 10 th thoracopod. Scale bars 1 mm. Distribution and ecology. P. yarleensis n. sp. is known from a broad arc of lakes extending from Woomera to Maralinga in the northwest of South Australia (Fig. 4). The collection from Ironstone Lagoon also contains P. m i n u t a, a species smaller than P. y a r l e e n s i s (P. m i n u t a males mean 8.7 mm, 10 specimens, females mean 5.2 mm, 10 specimens). Such a congeneric occurrence is rare in Parartemia (A. Savage, pers. comm.; B. Timms, unpublished data) possibly because most species of Parartemia do what P. zietziana does and that is they live on resuspended organic matter (Marchant and Williams, 1977), as opposed to algal eating Branchinella, in which congeneric occurrence of different sized species and hence filtering ranges, are common (e.g. Timms & Sanders, 2002).Published as part of Timms, Brian V & Hudson, Peter, 2009, The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina), pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2248 on pages 60-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19074
Paralimnadia Timms, 2016, n. sp.
No full textKey to species of Paralimnadia based on egg morphology This key is based on scanning electron micrographs of eggs removed from adults identified to genus. Eggs can also be viewed dried under a light microscope with incident light. Owing to the amount of character overlap with eggs of species of Eulimnadia, caution must be used if this key is used on field collected eggs in the absence of adults. 1. Eggs subspherical, with or without ridges, projections or knobs................................................. 2 - Eggs cylindrical, or cylindrical with one end projecting, or with a broad medial crest............................... 14 2. Eggs with polygonal patterns present or not; pronounced knobs or projections present............................... 3 - Eggs ridges and polygonal patterns present; pronounced knobs or projections lacking................................ 7 3. Eggs with acute, subacute, or rounded projections OR lamellar flanges........................................... 4 - Eggs with rounded, subspherical knobs, OR 6 or 7 large, well spaced, wedge shaped flanges......... P. ammolophos n. sp. 4. Projections separated by elongated polygons, or ridges/grooves.................................................. - Projections crowded, no polygons between projections, or if depressions are present, then each depression not bearing a single groove............................................................................... P. hyposalina n. sp. 5. Projections on ridges delimiting elongated polygons, bearing one central groove.................................... 6 - Projections separated by ridges/grooves that extend from the egg lower surface, up each projection nearly to apex… P. s o rd i d a 6. Grooves wide and infilled; polygons approximately 14 or fewer per side; projections typically narrow, spiniform, with length generally longer than width at midlength............................................................. P. badia - Grooves tightly closed; polygons approximately 16 or more per side; projections typically lamellar, cariniform, with length generally subequal to width at midlength.......................................................... P. cygnorum 7. Polygons each bearing a central groove or floor, with groove or floor width at least 0.25 times groove or floor length...... 8 - Polygons each bearing a single central groove, with groove width 0.16 times or less groove length..................... 9 8. Polygon ridges rounded in cross section.................................................... P. multispinosa n. sp. - Polygon ridges triangular in cross section...................... P. urukhai group (pro partim), P. stanleyana (pro partim) 9. Polygon walls crested, triangular in cross section, with long slope from ridge crest to groove........................ 10 - Polygon walls smooth, rounded in cross section, with abrupt transition to groove................................. 13 10. Polygons not arranged in three discreet rows, some rows forming, but never complete..............................11 - Polygons arranged in three discreet rows, with polar polygons variable....................... P. stanleyana (pro partim) 11. Eggs ~100 µm in diameter............................................................................. 12 - Eggs ~ 150 µm in diameter............................................................. P. westraliensis n. sp. 12. Polygons (edges determined at ridge crests) generally rectangular, length generally>2 times width.. P. queenslandicus n. sp. - Polygons (edges determined at ridge crests) generally oval, length generally 22 telsonic spines [Some P. q u e e n - slandicus have>22 telsonic spines but they have long cercopod setae (> 3 × cercopod basal diameter) whereas other species in this couplet have short cercopod setae; besides they lack an inerm section along the cercopod]......................... 4 - Cercopod with a complete row of setae between base and spine midlength; rarely>20 telsonic spines................... 5 4. Long palp of 1st clasper with 2 palpomeres. Male rostrum triangular and at 110° to frons............ P. multispinosa n. sp. - Long plap of 1st clasper with 3 palpomeres. Male rostrum broad, with a rounded apex and at 90° to frons.................................................................................................... P. westraliensis n. sp. 5. All or most cercopod setae long (>3× cercopod basal diameter)................................................. 6 - Cercopod setae short or of medium length (15 long cercopod setae; cercopod basal division>65% of whole............................................... 7 – 17; antennomeres usually>11; no spines on 2nd clasper plap..................................... 11 11. Cercopod very short setae (most <1 × cercopod basal diameter); clasper with large (subequal to basal diameter terminal knob) sharp projection on mediodistal corner of hand.................................................... P. stanleyana - Cercopod with short setae (1 to 1.25 × cercopod basal diameter); clasper with moderate length (<0.5 basal diameter of terminal knob) blunt projection on mediodistal corner of hand............................................. P. monaro n. sp. 12. Clasper palpomeres with no spines at 1–2 junctions; projection on mediodistal corner of hand triangular, length ~ 0.25 basal diameter of knob............................................................................. P. cygnorum - Clasper palpomeres with 1–5 spines at 1–2 junctions; projection on mediodistal corner of hand a rounded timidity........ 1 3 13. Clasper with long palps of 2 palpomeres only; palpomere 1–2 junctions with 1–3 spines................ P. saxitalis n. sp. - Clasper with long palps of 3 palpomeres; palpomere 1–2 junctions with 4 or 5 spines............................... 14 14. About 14 telsonic spines; last cercopod seta same length as others. Male rostrum at 90° angle to frons... P. hyposalina n. sp. - About 18–22 telsonic spines; last cercopod seta shorter than others. Male rostrum at 110° angle to frons.......... P. sordidaPublished as part of Timms, Brian V., 2016, A review of the Australian endemic clam shrimp, Paralimnadia Sars 1896 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata), pp. 451-508 in Zootaxa 4161 (4) on pages 503-505, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4161.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26644
Paralimnadia ammolophos Timms, 2016, n. sp.
No full textParalimnadia ammolophos n. sp. (Figs. 4, 11, 12) Etymology. Since this species is found in coastal sanddune pools, its specific epithet commemorates this by using the Greek word for sanddune, ‘ammolophos’. Type material. Holotype: AM P99004, male, length 5.1 mm, height 3.2 mm, Brooms Head, pond among dunes on the headland, 29°36’47.9”S, 153°20’18.6”E, 19 December 1983, BVT. Allotype: AM P99005, female, length 5.5 mm, height 3.6 mm, collected with holotype. Paratypes: AM P99006, 2 males, length 5.3 mm, height 3.5 mm, length 6.0 mm height 4.0 mm; 2 females, length 6.4 mm, height 4.1 mm, length 7.0 mm, height 4.7 mm, Shelley Headland, New South Wales, pond in dunes, 29°31’ 52.8”S, 153°21’12.8”E, 14 July 2015, BVT. Other material examined. New South Wales: 5 males, 5 females, Shelley Headland, pond in dunes, 29°31’52.8”S, 153°21’12.8”E, 14 July 2015, BVT, AM P99007; 3 males, 7 females, Brooms Head, pond among dunes on the headland, 29°36’47.9”S, 153°20’ 18.6”E, 19 December 1983, BVT, AM P99008; Brooms Head south beach, swamp in frontal dunes, 29°37’34.3”S, 153°19’37.7”E, 18 March 1977, BVT, 3 males, 5 females, AM P99009. Description. Male. Head (Fig. 12 B) with ocular tubercle prominent, the compound eye occupying about 50% of its diameter. Rostrum protruding a little more than the ocular tubercle and at right angles from its base, triangular in shape, and with a blunt apex. Ocellus slightly smaller than compound eye and lying at base of rostrum. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by about half its height, pedunculate and asymmetrical and not quite as high as ocular tubercle. First antennae (Fig. 12 B) almost twice the length of peduncle of second antennae, and with seven lobes, each with numerous short sensory setae. Second antennae (Fig. 12 E) with spinose peduncle and dorsal flagellum with 10 antennomeres; ventral flagellum with 12 antennomeres; dorsally with 1–3 short spines and ventrally with 1–5 longer setae. Distal antennomeres with minimal spines and maximal setae. Carapace (Fig. 12 A) elongated oval, opaque brown and darker dorsally, with hardly any indication of growth lines. Adductor muscle scar at about 45° to carapace long axis, only visible when animal removed from carapace. Thoracopods. Eighteen pairs of thoracopods. Claspers (Fig. 12 D) with palm trapezoidal, with distinct rounded expansion distomedially. Apical club spherical with gripping area bearing many stout spines directedmedially.Small palp with many short, thin spines apically. Finger arcuate with a blunt apex and many rounded pits ventrally. Long palp of claspers I and II inserted on apical edge of palm, with 3 palpomeres and 3 stout setae at first junction and many thin, limp setae on flattened palaform apices. Long palp of first clapser about 1.25 × length of palm and in second clasper, 2 × length. Other thoracopods of typical structure for Paralimnadia, decreasing is size and complexity posteriorly. Last ten segments dorsally with a short spine medially. Telson (Fig. 12 C) with spine rows bearing about 14 pairs of spines, with anteriormost spine about twice the size of next few, and penultimate spines a little longer than most spines. Spines with spinulae.Telsonic filaments originating from a mound a little higher than the dorsal floor of the telson positioned at about the fourth spine pair. Dorsal floor of telson posterior to mound slopes steeply, then with slightly convex surface to base of cercopod. Cercopods almost as long as the posterior margin of telson, basal 50% hardly narrowing to small spine then rapid narrowing to acute apex. About 9 long (reaching large posteriormost spine of telson) setae on basal half and many tiny denticles dorsolaterally on apical half. Setae geniculate and plumose.Ventroposterior corner of telson rounded and hardly protruding. Female. Head (Fig. 12 G) with ocular tubercle prominent, with compound eye occupying about 50% of diameter. Rostrum a rounded prominent bulge, slightly less prominent than ocular tubercle and with middle basal part occupied by large ocellus, about 80% size of compound eye. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by about threequarters of its height, pedunculate and asymmetrical and not quite as high as ocular tubercle. First antennae (Fig. 12 G) a little shorter than peduncle of second antennae, with 3 small lobes each with many short sensory setae. Second antennae largely as in male, though dorsal flagellum with 11 rather than 10 antennomeres. Carapace (Fig. 12 F) as in male, though more vaulted dorsally. Thoracopods. Seventeen pairs of thoracopods of typical Paralimnadia structure. Trunk dorsum with segments 1–9 inerm, segments 10–14 with 3–5 spines medioterminally and segments 15–17 with spine medioterminally. Thoracopods 9 and 10 with a long flabellum dorsally. Telson (Fig. 12 H) as in male, though with 19 pairs of posterior row spines, otherwise with cercopod similar. Egg (Fig. 11 A, B) broadly angular, mean diameter 232 µm (range 220–238 µm, n = 10). About 12 rounded, separated knobs protruding about 50 µm and each linked by up to 10 sharp, radiating ridges alternating with grooves about 60 µm long. Some grooves with tiny pits. Variability. The relative size of the compound eye varies between specimens from about 40–70%; the same with the ocellus. The male rostrum is always triangular and slightly larger than the ocular tubercle. First antennal lobes vary from 6 to 9 and the antennomeres from 9–12, with the ventral flagellum usually with more than dorsal flabellum. Females may have 18 trunk segments as in males. Telsonic spines vary from 14–19, but the arrangement of the first about twice the following few, then the middle few the shortest and the last few of increasing length is apparently standard. The cercopod is the least variable component, with always 8–10 setae and a 50:50 division between the setae carrying base and narrowing denticulated distal portion. Differential diagnosis. Many features such as relative length and shape of male rostrum, number of antenna I lobes, number and relative size of telsonic spines, size of projection at the mediodistal corner of the clasper hand and number of palpomers of the large palp of the clasper are shared in various combinations with other species. However, the egg of P. ammolophos n. sp. is unique with its knob shaped projections approximately 12 in number. Of those species with long cercopod setae (P. bishop n. sp., P. flavia n. sp., P. queenlandicus n sp.), P. ammolophos n. sp. is the only one with <10 of uniform length. Other differences from P. bishopi n. sp., which live in a similar habitat, are given below. Distribution and ecology. This species is apparently restricted to temporary rainfilled hollows in coastal dunes in northern New South Wales (Fig. 4). These are slightly-moderately acidic (pH ca. 5–6) and often humic (Timms 1982). It could occur further north and south of this region as neither has been explored, but it has not been found further inland. It was common before the coastal dune country of northern New South Wales was mined for mineral sands in the 1960–80 s (author unpublished) but it now persists in a few sites not mined and then occurs only sporadically.Published as part of Timms, Brian V., 2016, A review of the Australian endemic clam shrimp, Paralimnadia Sars 1896 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata), pp. 451-508 in Zootaxa 4161 (4) on pages 471-474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4161.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26644
Paralimnadia bishopi Timms, 2016, n. sp.
No full textParalimnadia bishopi n. sp. (Figs. 4, 11, 13) Etymology. This species is named to honour the late Dr Jim Bishop who not only collected the species from remote Cape York, but who made extensive studies into the ecology of the Paralimnadia stanleyana, so that it is the most understood Australian limnadiid shrimp. Type material. Holotype: AM P98358, male, length 5.0 mm, height 3.8 mm, Cape York Peninsula, sand dune lake near Cape Bedford, 15°14’S, 145°20’E, February–March, 1966, J. Bishop. Allotype: AM P98359, female, length 5.9 mm, height 3.8 mm, collected with holotype. Other material examined. Queensland: 4 males, 4 females, 2 juveniles, Cape York Peninsula, sand dune lake near Cape Bedford, 15°14’S, 145°20’E, J. Bishop, February–March 1966, AM P55637; 1 male, 3 females, Cape York Peninsula, sand dune lake near Cape Bedford, 15°14’S, 145° 20’E, I.A.E. Bayly, January 1965, AM P55638. Diagnosis. Egg irregularly shaped with about 8 broad and rounded protuberances subtended by many grooves and ridges at right angles. Male rostrum triangular and protruding subequally to ocular tubercle. Telson with about 16–20 spines, shortest centrally. Cercopod with 2 shorter and about 7–11 extraordinarily long setae. Description. Male: Head (Fig. 13 B) with ocular tubercle prominent, compound eye occupying about 50%. Rostrum protruding little more than ocular tubercle and at right angles from its base, triangular, apex blunt. Ocellus somewhat smaller than compound eye and lying at base of rostrum. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by about half its height, pedunculate and asymmetrical and not quite as high as ocular tubercle. First antennae (Fig. 13 B) almost twice length of peduncle of second antennae, with seven lobes, each with numerous short sensory setae. Second antennae with spinose peduncle; dorsal flagellum with 13 antennomeres; ventral flagellum with 14 antennomeres; dorsally with 1–3 short spines and ventrally with 1–5 longer setae. Distal antennomeres with minimal spines and maximal setae. Carapace (Fig. 13 A) elongated, oval, pellucid, carapace fold line dark brown. About 5 growth lines. Adductor muscle scar at about 45° to carapace long axis, only visible when animal removed from carapace. Thoracopods. Eighteen pairs of thoracopods. Claspers with palm trapezoidal, with small rounded expansion distomedially. Apical club spherical with many stout spines pointing medially.Small palp with many short thin spines apically. Finger arcuate with a blunt apex bearing many rounded pits ventrally. Both long palps of clasper (Fig. 13 D) inserted on apical edge of palm, each with 3 palpomeres, first about 1.5 × palm length, second about 2 × palm length. First joint of first palp with five geniculate setae of increasing length laterally and with lateral pecten on the distal section of seta. Second palp with similar setal arrangement but longer; most lateral setae almost reaching palp apex. Both palp flattened palaform apices with numerous short soft setae. Other thoracopods of typical structure for Paralimnadia, decreasing in size and complexity posteriorly. Last 10 segments dorsally with 1–3 spines medially, more anteriorly than posteriorly. Telson (Fig. 13 C) with about 18 pairs of posterior row spines; anteriormost and posteriormost spines longest; central spines shortest. Spines with spinules. Telsonic filaments originating from mound little higher than dorsal floor of telson, positioned between third and fourth spine. Dorsal floor of telson posterior to mound sloping steeply posterior to mound then with slightly convex surface to base of cercopod. Cercopods subequal in length to telson dorsum, basal 50% hardly thinning to small spine then rapidly thinning to acute apex. About 8 2-segmented setae of various lengths (1.5–4.0 × cercopod basal diameter) with shortest anteriorly and longest posteriorly. All setae plumose along entire length. Ventroposterior corner of telson rounded and hardly protruding. Female. Head (Fig. 13 F) with ocular tubercle prominent, with compound eye occupying about 60% of it. Rostrum a rounded prominent bulge protruding subequally to ocular tubercle and with middle basal part occupied by large ocellus, about 60% size of compound eye. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by about its height, pedunculate and asymmetrical and about half as high as ocular tubercle. First antennae (Fig. 13 F) little shorter than peduncle of second antennae, with 3 small lobes each with many short sensory setae. Second antennae largely as in male, though antennomeres one less on each flagellum. Carapace (Fig. 13 E) as in male, though more vaulted dorsally. Thoracopods. Seventeen thoracopods of typical Paralimnadia structure. Trunk dorsum with segments 1–8 naked, segments 9–13 with 3–9 spines medioterminally and segments 14–17 with spine distomedially. Thoracopods 6 and 7 with long flabellum dorsally. Telson (Fig. 13 G) as in male, though with 17 pairs of posterior row spines, a little less ordered than in male. Cercopod with about 13 geniculate setae, first 2 short (length about diameter of base of cercopod) and remainder long (about 4 × diameter of base of cercopod). Setation as in male. Egg (Fig. 11 C) multidimensionally stellate, maximum diameter 237 µm (range 233–241 µm, n = 5). About 8 rounded, broad protuberances each projecting by about 70 µm from a core diameter of about160 µm and subtended by up to 10 paired ridges and groves largely right angles to the protuberances. Variability. The number of trunk segments are variable in this species, with 18 or 19 noted in males and 17–20 in females. The male rostrum was not noted to vary in size, though the female rostrum is sometimes less protruding than in the allotye. As usual first and second antennae vary by ±1 lobe/ antennomere respectively. Telsonic spines are even more variable both in number (16–20) and size, though almost always the centre group are shorter than anterior and posterior spines. While cercopod setae vary a little (±1) in number and size, the shortness of the first couple (subequal to cercopod basal diameter) and the extraordinary length (4 × cercopod basal diameter) of the remainder of the cercopods is noteworthy. Ovigerous filaments (flabella) can also be located on thoracomeres 9 and 10 instead of 6 and 7. Differential diagnosis. This species and P. ammolophos n. sp. live in very similar habitats (humic waters in coastal dunes), but 1800 km apart. Both have similarly structured eggs, male rostra, and telsonic denticles, but the cercopods and also clasper palps are distinctly different. Both species have the same number of cercopod setae, but in P. ammolophos n. sp. all are of similar length at about 2.0–2.5 × cercopod basal diameter, whereas in P. bishopi n. sp. the first two are short and the remainder very long at about 4 × cercopod basal diameter. The basal palpomere of the clasper large palps has about 3 short spines in P. ammolophos n. sp. and five large spines of variable length in P. bishopi n. sp. There is also some similarlity to P. s o rd i d a, another east coast sand dune species. It also has a clasper with 3 palpomeres in each long palp, spines at the junction of their first and second segments and 9–12 long cercopod setae, though the distinctive characters of P. bishopi n. sp. are noted above. Similarities also exist in their morphology. In all three species the long palp of the clasper has three palpomeres, with stout setae on the basal palpomere junction particularly robust in P. bishop n. sp. Interestingly all three species also have about 9–12 cercopod setae, though their lengths are longer in P. ammolophos n. sp. and P. bishopi n. sp. than in P. s o rd i d a. Furthermore in P. bishopi n. sp., the cercopod setae are particularly long. The three species are easily distinguished apart by their eggs, lengths of cercopod setae and numbers and lengths of setae on their long palps. Distribution and ecology. This species is only known from its type locality on Cape York Peninsula, from which it has been collected twice. If this site is like other waterbodies in the area it is probably acid (circa 4.8), humic and of low total salts (circa 52 mg l -1) (Timms 1986). These northern dune waterbodies share many hydrological, physicochemical and biological similarities with those of southeast Queensland and northern New South Wales (Bayly 1964; Timms 1982). Of immediate interest is the presence of a species of Paralimnadia in each.Published as part of Timms, Brian V., 2016, A review of the Australian endemic clam shrimp, Paralimnadia Sars 1896 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata), pp. 451-508 in Zootaxa 4161 (4) on pages 474-476, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4161.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26644
Eocyzicus parooensis Richter & Timms 2005, n.sp.
No full textEocyzicus parooensis n.sp. Figs. 1–3 Eocyzicus sp. a, Timms & Richter, 2002. Limnadia sp. b, Timms, 1993. Type material. HOLOTYPE 3, formalin-fixed AM P68156, carapace 7.8 × 4.5 mm. PARATYPES formalin-fixed: 13 slide AM P68157, 1♀ slide AM P68158; 833, 9♀♀, AM P68159, all collected by B. V. Timms from Gidgee Lake, 17 November 1999. Type locality. Gidgee Lake on Bells Creek, Bloodwood Station, 130 km NW of Bourke, NSW, Australia, 29°33'S 144°52'E. Etymology. This species is named after the Paroo area where it occurs commonly in hyposaline waters. Description. Male carapace 7.2 to 7.8 mm length, 4.2 to 4.5 mm height (n = 10). Female carapace 6.4 to 6.7 mm length, 3.9. to 4.1 mm height, smallest and largest female both ovigerous (n = 10). Carapace in both sexes oval, with 10 to 11 growth lines in males, and 9 to 10 in females. Dorsal margin of carapace with prominent umbo, posterior of umbo straight. Male head region with prominent rectangular (hatchet-like) rostrum in lateral view (Fig. 2A), including bilateral anterior margins, a ventral margin and a posterior margin. Anterior margins together form a V-shape in the dorsal view, continuing into the fornices of both sides (Fig. 2B). Nauplius eye triangular shaped, with sharp end pointing to the compound eye. Central dorsal part of the head defined anteriorly by prominent compound eye chamber and posteriorly by rounded occipital condylus. Compound eye chamber opening via a small pore anteriorly, slightly above anterior margins of rostrum (Fig. 2A, arrowhead). Central head region filled by mid-gut diverticula. Dorsal organ located close to posterior margin of occipital condyle (Fig. 2B, arrowhead). Female head region differing in particular by shape of rostrum which is more triangular because of less distinct posterior margin (Fig. 3A). Antennule extending to about fourth (females) or sixth (males) segment of posterior antennal flagellum, and distinctly lobate with each lobe bearing short sensilla (Fig. 2C). Antenna with peduncle of about eight segments, anterior densely covered with setae (Fig. 3C), and with about 11 to 14 segments on both anterior and posterior flagellum. Each flagellum segment bearing about six short spines on anterior side, and a number of longer natatory setae at the posterior side. Trunk consisting of 22 (in a few cases 23) leg-bearing segments, the last (two) segments not entirely separated from telson (Figs. 2G, 3B). More posterior trunk segments (between 10 and 15) carrying single dorsal spine at posterior end of segment (Fig. 2F). First and second thoracopod of male modified as claspers, not differing general characters from each other. Movable finger smoothly curving to the apical club (i.e. expanded apex). Surface of movable finger adjacent to apical club covered with scales; apical club with stout flat-tipped spines opposite to scales of movable finger (Fig. 2D). Tip of movable finger with about six (specimen studied might be broken in this area) more elongated “hairy” scales, directed away from apical club (Fig. 2E). Two palps originating from palm, the larger (threesegmented) palp behind movable finger, smaller (onesegmented) palp at apical club base. In females, eggs carried by projections of exopod of the ninth and tenth pairs of thoracopods (Fig. 3D). Telson covered dorsally by numerous spines, with caudal furcae originating at its posterior end. Dorsal part of telson formed like a “U”, with connecting part anteriorly and the two parallel margins ending in strong, upwards curved apexes (Fig. 2G,H,K). Margins carrying about 10 to 13 spines each in males and about 15 to 20 in females, excluding the apex (Figs. 2G, 3B). Two telsonal setae originating from a common plate at anterior end, at inner side of “U” (Fig. 2K). Caudal furcae articulated with telson; each carrying many (about 15) long plumose setae on inner margin (Fig. 2G,K). Tips of caudal furcae covered by very small spinules (Fig. 2 I). Eggs round and smooth, not showing any specialized surface structures (Fig. 3D). Remarks. This species has been recorded from several other localities in the Paroo area (Timms & Richter, 2002). Some of the characters differ from those described herein, e.g., the number of growth lines, number of telson spines, and the carapace length and height. Nevertheless, we believe that all these records (referred to in Timms & Richter, 2002 as Eocyzicus sp. a) are of E. parooensis n.sp. Most remarkable from an ecological point of view is that all these records are from hyposaline water bodies (see Timms & Richter, 2002 for more details). There is probably a second undescribed Eocyzicus species common in the Paroo area, which prefers turbid fresh water habitats (referred to Eocyzicus sp. b by Timms & Richter, 2002).Published as part of Richter, Stefan & Timms, Brian V., 2005, A List of the Recent Clam Shrimps (Crustacea: Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata, Cyclestherida) of Australia, Including a Description of a New Species of Eocyzicus, pp. 341-354 in Records of the Australian Museum 57 (3) on page 343, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1454, http://zenodo.org/record/468562
Parartemia bicorna Timms, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textParartemia bicorna sp. nov. (Figs. 4,7,8) Parartemia sp x, Timms et al., 2006, p 181, Table 5; Timms and Hudson, 2009, p 58. Etymology. The specific epithet, bicorna, celebrates the prominent twin anterior processes of the male, vaguely akin to the head spine of the fabled unicorn, but with two instead of one horn. These process are somewhat larger than in other known species of Parartemia; some like P. contracta may have longer processes, but these are generally narrow and bent, while those in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. are straight and robust, and hence instantly noticeable. Holotype. Male, Lake Carey, 27.5 km south of Laverton, Wallaby Mine discharge, (28 o 52 ’ 03”S, 122 o 19 ’ 25 ”E), 11 March 2004, B. Timms, WAM 45214. Allotype. Female (ovigerous) same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45215, Paratypes. Two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45216; two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, AM P 82973. Other material. Seven males, six females, Lake Carey, ‘Salinaland’ (ie.northeast corner), (28 o 49 ’ 58 ”S, 122 o 16 ’ 16 ”E), 11 March 2004, B.V. Timms, WAM 45217; ten males, ten females, Lake Carey, Causeway area, (29 o 18 ” 53 ”S, 122 o 34 ’ 05”E), 17 February 2006, B. Datson, WAM 45218; seven males, eight females, Lake Carey, inlet into ‘Salinaland’, (28 o 48 ’ 42 ”S, 122 o 15 ’ 6 ”E), B. Datson, WAM 45219; nine males, 2 females, Lake Carey, ‘Salinaland’ (ie.northeast corner), (28 o 49 ’ 58 ”S, 122 o 16 ’ 16 ”E), 6 December 2008, B. Datson, WAM 45220. Description. Male. Length 19.8 mm (head + thorax + genital segments 8.3 mm and abdomen 11.5 mm). First antenna (Fig 8 A) filiform, about twice as long as eye plus peduncle. Second antenna. Basal antennomere of second antenna (Fig 8 A) fused proximally at about right angles to body axis and protruding a similar width to first antenna. Ventral margin of second antenna with paired linear ventral processes (Fig 8 A) bearing numerous closely spaced minute denticles apically. Overall dimensions of these processes about 2.5 times longer than average width, with lateral edge about half length of medial edge. Lateral edge broadly rounded but medial edge folded anteriorly to about one fifth of ventral process length; fold widest at about two-thirds length of the ventral process. Medial edge of ventral process bulges into the medial space between the processes, maximally at about half its height. Posterior base of lateral edge of ventral process with an indistinct conical mound with a few small denticles. Medial process digitiform, length slightly less than half the height of the ventral process medial edge. Anterior surface of proximal antennomeres with a prominent conical anterior process (Fig 8 A) on each half, with a large free apical half about the length of the ventral process. Distal antennomeres (Fig. 8 A) of second antenna about twice length of basal antennomere, curved, with a mesial tumidity and tapering to a sharp apex. Labrum lacking a spine. Thoracic segments (Fig 8 B) with lateral lobes progressively increasing in size T 1 to T 11 and then with smaller lobes on the two genital segments. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, variable in size, with first two noticeably reduced in size and last few a little smaller. Fifth thoracopod similar to that of Parartemia longicaudata. Endite 1 + 2 with 1 + 2 anterior setae and ca. 25 posterior setae, endite 3 with 2 and ca 16 setae respectively, endite 4 with 2 and 3, endite 5 with 2 and 2 and endite 6 with 1 and 2 setae respectively. These setae of similar relative lengths to those of P. acidiphila (Timms and Hudson, 2009, Fig 2). Endopodite squarish with broadly rounded corners and bearing ca, 6 one-sided pectinate posterior setae medially and ca. 24 feathered posterior setae terminally and laterally. Exopodite elongate oval and bearing ca. 36 posterior setae, similar to most on the endopodite. All these posterior setae with a basal coronet of ca. 8 small spines. Epipodite oval shaped and praeepipodite elongated oval shaped, both unadorned. Gonopods (Fig 8 C) paired, basal parts fused together and about twice the diameter of apical free portions. Free apical part basally with a triangular process with an asymmetrical apex and a subapical digitiform process, about a third the length of the basal process. No type specimens with the gonopod everted. Abdominal segment s increasing in length and narrowing posteriorly from 1 to 6, particularly 5 and 6, so that last segment about twice the length of the first. Cercopods fringed with long setae on lateral and medial edges; length subequal to 6 th abdominal segment. Female. Length 14 mm (head + thorax+ genital segments 7.2 mm, abdomen 6.8 mm). Head (Fig 8 D) with first antenna filiform and length subequal to eye plus peduncle. Second antenna subcylindrical but with a markedly narrower recurred apex; antenna a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Naupliar eye distinct and midway between compound eyes. Labrum with a prominent recurved spine. Thorax (Fig 8 E) without dorsal or lateral tumidities, but thoracic segment 9 with a prominent lateral lamellar lobe extending posteriolaterally to segments 10 and 11. Segments anterior to ninth with small lateral lobes, biggest on segment 8. Lateral and posterior edges of the segment 9 lamellar lateral lobe sclerotized; dorsum of segment 11 also sclerotized and with a minor round protuberance laterally. Brood pouch lying laterally to the genital segments, each with anterior edge sclerotized, rounded and adpressed against the posterior edge of the lateral lamellar lobe of segment 9. Each brood pouch half pyriform and joined ventrally to a gonopore on a short tubular process. Eggs round and smooth-surfaced at low magnifications. Ten thoracopod pairs, with first half the size of the others and the last three a little shorter. Eleventh thoracic segment without appendages. Thoracopods 2–7 similar to those of male though proportions slightly different, most noticeably the broader than long endopodite. First thoracopod (Fig 7 C) of very different proportions than in standard Parartemia thoracopod. Endopodite almost round, exopodite small and oval shaped, epipodite oval shaped and praeepipodite sausage shaped. Endopodite and exopodite with fewer posterior setae than usual, namely about 14 and 20 respectively. Endites 1 + 2 and 3 of normal relative size and setation, but endites 4 to 6 very different; all three lack posterior setae and 4 and 5 bear elongated bent anterior setae with apical twofifths with a double pectin. Thoracopod 10 (Fig 7 D) is different again, lacking the epipodite and praeepipodite and with a reduced rounded endopodite (posterior setae reduced to 2 on medial surface and ca. 12 on terminal and lateral edges), but exopodite more typical (and with ca 24 posterior setae). Endites 1 + 2 and 3 bear typical anterior setae, but few posterior setae (ca. 12 and 3 respectively). Endites 4 to 6 without posterior setae and anterior setae reduced to one each with those of endite 4 and 5 longer than usual. Abdominal segments papillate, otherwise proportions as in males. Variability. Body lengths in the study material vary up to 20.4 mm in males and 14.2 mm in females. Fusion of the basal antennomeres is sometimes not at right angles to body axis, but as low as 75 o. The distinctive frontal processes are only fully developed in mature males. The fold on the medial edge of the ventral processes sometimes has a distinct point mid length and reaching almost to the ventral edge of the process. The ventral conical mound at the base of the lateral edge of the ventral processes is indistinct in many specimens. The main variability on females concerns the area between the lateral edge of segment 9 and the forward extension of the brood pouch: in some specimens there is a hook-like structure pointing forward or at least a small outgrowth laterally. In a few specimens the dorsal integument of segment 11 is only weakly sclerotized. The second antennae do not always terminate in a thin curved point, but may be more mamilliform. Differential diagnosis. Male P. bicorna sp. nov. is most similar to males of P. serventyi and to a lesser extent to males of P. informis. Distal antennomeres in both P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. and P. serventyi are identical, both with a characteristic mesial tumidity. Anterior, ventral and medial processes are almost identical in the two species, but there are three minor differences: (a) the anterior processes in mature P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. are more robust, being 1.25: 1 longer than wide, whereas in P. serventyi the ratio is closer to 1.5: 1, (b) the fold on the medial edge of the ventral processes is more pronounced in P. bicorna sp. nov., and (c) the ventral conical mounds on the base of the lateral margin of the ventral processes, if present, are small compared with those in P. serventyi which are larger and separate from the ventral processes. There is a more obvious difference between the two species in the lateral lobes of the thorax and genital segments―those of P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. show a gentle gradient in size with lobes of the 11 th thoracic segment just the greatest, whereas in P. serventyi, the lobe on the 11 th thoracic segment is at least twice the size of that of the 10 th segment or first genital segment. The difference between P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. and P. informis is more pronounced. The anterior processes are much shorter in P. informis than in P. bicorna sp. nov., and the ventral processes lack a medial fold in P. informis compared to a fold being present in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. Two minor differences are in the lateral corner of the frontal processes which is rounded in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. but square in P. informis and in the number of spines in the basal coronet of the endopodal setae: 20 in P. informis. Also there are more anterior setae on the endites 1 to 3, the endopod and the exopod in P. informis, but this could be because P. informis is generally larger (often> 30 mm) than P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. (usually <20mm). Males of P. bicorna sp. nov. also resemble the males of P. contracta to some degree in that the anterior and ventral processes are broadly similar. However the anterior processes are usually thin and bent in P. contracta compared to being stout and triangular in P. bicorna sp. nov. and the ventral processes lack a medial fold in P. contracta. Another difference is the lack of a mesial tumidity in the distal antennomeres of P. contracta. Among females there can be no confusion between P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. and P. serventyi. The later has a marked medial bulge on the dorsal surface of the 8 th thoracic segment and no lateral plate on segment 9, whereas P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. has no bulges on segment 8 and has a lateral plate on segment 9. Likewise P. contracta is different in that the lateral lobe of segment 9 terminates in a point posteriolaterally and does not envelop segments 10 and 11, whereas in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. the lateral lobe of segment 9 envelops segments 10 and 11 and terminates in a rounded posterior edge. Female P. bicorna sp. nov. are most similar to female P. informis. Both have a lateral lamellar lobe on segment 9 enveloping segments 10 and 11 and both have laterally bulging brood chambers. There are two lateral papillae on the dorsum in the enclosure, but on thoracomere 10 in P. informis and thoracomere 11 in P. bicorna sp. nov. The lateral extension of thoracomere 9 is wider than long in P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. and narrower than wide in P. informis. Should the specimens be appropriately preserved there is a moderate budge medially on segment 9 in P. informis, but not in P. bicorna sp. nov. Distribution and ecology. To date, P. bicorna sp. nov. has been found only in Lake Carey, near Laverton in the northern goldfields of Western Australia (Timms, et al., 2006, 2009) (Fig. 4). It occurs only in the main lake and sometimes shares this with Parartemia laticaudata sp. nov., an inhabitant of salinas around the lake and pools in inflowing creeks and elsewhere in northern Western Australia (Timms et al., 2006, 2009), and also with Branchinella simplex (Timms et al., 2006). Field salinity range is 22–105 g /L and it occurs in any season after rain fills part or all of the lake (Timms et al., 2006; B. Datson, pers. comm.). Given it is restricted to just Lake Carey, Timms et al. (2009) suggest it should be given Priority One status under the Western Australian Department of Conservation’s priority species listing process.Published as part of Timms, Brian V, 2010, Six new species of the brine shrimp Parartemia Sayce 1903 (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina) in Western Australia, pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 2715 on pages 14-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19970
Branchinella anatinorhyncha Timms, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textBranchinella anatinorhyncha sp. nov. Figs. 1 C, 2, 3 Etymology. The name is an amalgam based on latin ‘anatin’ meaning ‘duck’ and greek ‘rhynchus’ meaning ‘nose’ and refers to the frontal appendage having the form of a duck bill. Should this shrimp ever become known enough to have a common name, it would be the duckbilled fairy shrimp and hence analogous in the broadest sense to the duck-billed platypus, Ornithorhyncus anatinus. Type locality. Australia, Queensland, Sumana Station 74 km N of Aramac, an unnamed claypan 2 km E of homestead, 22 o 18 ’ 38 ”S, 145 o 23 ’ 08”E, 2 April 2009, collector M. Schwentner & BVT Holotype. Male deposited in Australian Museum (Sydney). Total length 11.9 mm. Accession number AM P 88368. Allotype. Female deposited in Australian Museum (Sydney). Total length 14 mm. Accession number, AM P 88369. Paratypes. Males and females deposited in Australian Museum (Sydney). Accession number, AM P 88370. Other material. 3 males, Australia, Queensland, Sumana Station 74 km N of Aramac, unnamed claypan 5 km NW of homestead, 22 o 16 ’ 40 ”S, 145 o 20 ’ 15 ”E, 28 February 2008, deposited in the collection BVT and in Australian Museum (Sydney); accession number AM P 88371. Diagnosis. Male with unbranched paddle like frontal appendage. Only frontal appendage adornment a minutely frilled edge on basal third of the wider portion. Second antenna with proximal antennomere’s distomedial corner with a small lobe bearing a few short setae. Description. Male. Eyes almost sphaerical, freely projecting on peduncles about the same diameter as the eye. First antennae filiform, about a third longer than second antenna proximal antennomere, terminating in 3–5 long sensory setae. Second antennae. Proximal and distal antennomeres subequal in length. Proximal antennomere cylindrical and with a small tumidity mediodistally bearing many small setae. Proximal antennomeres fused medially. Distal antennomeres evenly curved, narrowing distally and forming the claspers; apical half of claspers with distinct transverse ridges medially. Frontal appendage unbranched with a thick roundish pseudosegmented trunk supporting a long paddle-like blade, twice length of the trunk. Two vesicles lying adjacent in the trunk but divergent in the blade. Basal third of blade with a minutely frilled edge, otherwise edge and both surfaces of blade smooth. Blade apex squarish. Blade generally carried coiled in life, particularly lengthwise, but also across its width. Fifth thoracopod with endite 1 + 2 and 3 evenly curved, the former about three times the size of the later. Anterior setae of endite 1 smooth, a little more than half the length of adjacent posterior setae. Anterior setae of endite 2 half the length of endite 1, bearing a one-sided pecten of spines and attended at its base by a small smooth spine. Endite 3 with an anterior setae bearing one-sided pecten of spines and three times longer than anterior setae of endite 2. Endites 4–6 asymmetrical and covered with small spines. Endites 4 and 5 with two anterior setae and endite 6 with one anterior seta, each about twice the length of the anterior setae of endite 2. These setae of two types. Each endite with a seta of two equal length parts, a wide base with a few long strong spines on each side on proximal half of base and a thin apical part with thinner shorter spines on each side. The second type, on endites 4 and 5 only, of uniform tapering with a bare basal half and a distal half similar to distal half of the first setal type. Posterior setae of all endites long and numbering about 60 on endites 1 +2, 18 on endite 3, then 3, 2, 2 respectively on endites 4–6. Endopod broadly rounded and bearing about 32 spaced posterior feathered setae, those on the medial margin shorter (about same length as anterior setae of endites 4–6) than those on the remainder of the endopod. Exopod oval bearing about 40 posterior setae closely spaced and long and generally bent apically like those on the most of the endopod. Epipodite lanceolate and unadorned. Praeepipodite large and broad, about one and a half the size of endite 1 + 2, and with a smooth unadorned margin. Genital segments similar, gonopods short, about two-fifths the length of first abdominal segment and with a small lateral tumidity. Everted gonopod with a short row of about four triangular spines medially and a narrow field of longer thin spines on opposite side. Cercopods typical for the genus. Female. Eye plus peduncle elongated to be about two thirds second antenna length. First antenna filiform and subequal to second antenna length. Second antenna broad terminating to a symmetrical apex and a little longer than labrum. Fifth thoracopod and cercopods as in male. Genital segments larger than abdominal segments and with brood pouch bulbous anteriorly but tubular posteriorly and terminating between second and third abdominal segments. Egg diameter 169.5 µm and with about 50 irregularly shaped distinct depressions. Walls of depressions wide and rounded and floors flat and moderately dimpled (Timms and Lindsay, 2011). Size. Males range in size from 11.9–14.1 mm (n= 5) and females from 14.0– 14.1 mm (n= 2) so males and females about the same size. Variability. In the five males examined, the frilled edge on the base of the distal portion of the frontal appendage varied by about 10 % in the extent and size, with the holotype about average. The two proximal antennomeres sometimes appear fused at about 60 o instead of the more usual 80–90 o. Differential diagnosis. Branchinella anatinorhyncha sp. nov. differs from other species of Branchinella in its 16 SmtDNA by 4.6 % (Pinceel et al. 2012). Morphologically it is unlike any other species of Branchinella with its frontal appendage unbranched and paddle like. Moreover it has almost no adornments in the form of papillae or setae on its frontal appendage, thus further distinguishing from many species including B. macraeae Timms, B. affinis and those with ramified frontal appendages such as B. frondosa Henry and B. arborea Geddes. It is not unusual for species of Branchinella to have some kind of sensory apparatus on or near the mediodistal corner of the proximal segment of the first antenna (e.g. B. affinis, B, arborea, B. kadjikadji Timms, B. insularis Timms, B. macraeae, B. pinderi Timms), but the lobes bearing setae of B. anatinorhyncha sp. nov. are unique. Perhaps B. anatinorhyncha sp. nov. can be thought as related to B. affinis and associated species in which the frontal appendage instead of branching apically is undivided. Like many species of Branchinella, females lack unique characteristics. Distribution. So far this species is known only from claypans on Sumana Station, but it could well occur in claypans over a wider area north of Aramac/Muttaburra to south of Prairie in inland north Queensland. Resting eggs similar to those known to be B. anatinorhyncha sp. nov. have been found in claypans at Kooroorinya on the Muttaburra to Prairie Road (21 o 20 ’S, 144 o 40 ’E).Published as part of Timms, Brian V, 2012, Further studies on the fairy shrimp genus Branchinella (Crustacea: Anostraca: Thamnocephalidae) in Australia, with descriptions of five new species, pp. 35-60 in Zootaxa 3595 on pages 38-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.25459
Parartemia boomeranga Timms, 2010, sp.nov.
No full textParartemia boomeranga sp.nov. (Figs. 4,6,7) Parartemia n sp c Timms & Savage, 2004, p 22, 26, 35. Etymology. The specific name is suggested by the boomerang-shaped thick area (short arms at an angle and thickened mid region) on the medial surface of the ventral processes. These fit snugly against the female 11 th thoracopod semispherical bases in amplexus. Holotype. One male, unnamed lake on Gunyidi - Wubin Road, 15.5 km E of Gunyidi, (30 o 07’ 08”S, 116 o 14 ’ 36 ”E), 14 September 2003, BVT, WAM 45211. Allotype. One female, same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45212. Paratypes. Two males, two females, some collecting data as holotype, WAM 45213; two males, two females, same collecting data as holotype, AM P 82972. Description. Male. Length 22.2 mm (head plus thorax 9.1 mm, abdomen 13.1 mm). First antenna (Fig 6 A) filiform, about 1.5 times length of eye plus peduncle. Second antenna. Basal antennomeres (Fig 6 A) fused at an angle of about 45 o from body axis. Ventral margin with paired ventral processes (Fig 6 A) about 2.5 times longer than deep. Distoventral corner of ventral processes broadly rounded and slightly protruding, ventral margin weakly concave and medial margin curved asymmetrically with maximum protrusion about two thirds distance from ventral margin and inner margin well indented into the ventral process, so that whole medial portion of the ventral process unsupported from the ventral margin of the basal antennomere. However this portion with a boomerang-shaped thickened area. Lateral and ventral margins of ventral process clothed with well spaced small spines. Medial area between ventral processes concave. Anterior processes (Fig 6 A) digitiform, small and length about equal to depth of ventral processes. Distal antennomere (Fig 6 A) about twice length of basal antennomere, generally curved medially and tapering to a sharp apex, but apical portion convexly curved and with a tumidity mesially. Thoracic segments with small lateral lobes, increasing in size posteriorly and reaching a maximum on segment 11. Lateral bulge on first genital segment even greater than 11 th lobe, so that maximum body width in genital segments. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, with first two reduced in size and last without an epipodite. Gonopods (Fig 6 B) fused basally. Each free apical portion with a basal sharp spine and a ventrolateral short digitiform process at about two-thirds the length of the appendage. Abdomen with segments increasing in length and decreasing in diameter sequentially 1 to 6, with sixth 1.75 times length and half the diameter of first segment. Female. Length 15.3 mm (head plus thorax 9 mm, abdomen 6.3 mm). Head (Fig 6 C) with first antenna filiform, a little shorter than eye plus peduncle. Second antenna somewhat longer than length of eye plus peduncle, flattened, with parallel sides and a round symmetrical apex bearing a short narrow and pointed appendix. Distinct naupliar eye midway between bases of first antenna. Labrum with a recurved spine. Thoracic segments (Figs. 6 D,E) 1–7 normal, segment 8 with a trapezoid dorsum and small lateral lobes, segment 9 with a prominent dorsal swelling and larger lateral lobes, segment 10 reduced with a narrow dorsum and apparently no lateral lobes and segment 11 with a less reduced dorsum and large lobes extended posteriolaterally into a triangular extension and ventrally into a rounded swelling. Dorsal surfaces of segments 10 and 11 sclerotized. Most thoracopods as in male. First thoracopod (Fig 7 A) reduced in size but hardly in relative size of component parts. Both basal anterior basal setae of endites 4 and 5 elongated. Tenth thoracopod (Fig 7 B) also reduced in size and in relative size of components. Endites 1 + 2 and 3 small and with few posterior setae, exopodite semi-oval, basal anterior seta of endite 4 long, but other anterior setae of normal relative lengths. No 11 th thoracopod, but distinct base in the form of a semispherical mound. Anterior edge of first genital segment (Figs. 6 D,E) a collar with a lateral protrusion reaching anteriorly over lobe of 11 th thoracic segment. Brood pouch (Figs. 6 D,E) wider than long, so that whole structure approaches three times width: length. Anteriolateral and posteriolateral corners prominent and a shallow groove between them. Lobes joined ventrally into a short tubular structure, directected posteriorly bearing the gonopore. FIGURE 7. Female thoracopods. A, P. boomeranga sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; B, P. boomeranga sp. nov. 10 th thoracopod; C, P. b i c o r n a sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod, length; D, P. b i c o r n a n. sp 10 th thoracopod; E, P. laticaudata sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; F, P. laticaudata sp. nov. 10 th thoracopod; G, P. laticaudata sp. nov. 11 th thoracopod; H, P. mouritzi sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; I, P. mouritzi sp. nov. 10 th thoracopod; J, P. purpurea sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; K, P. purpurea sp. nov. 10 th thoracopod; L. P. purpurea sp. nov. 11 th thoracopod; M, P. ve ro n ic a e sp. nov. 1 st thoracopod; N, P. veronicae sp. nov., 10 th thoracopod. For further explanation on the thoracopods see legend of Fig. 3. Differential diagnosis. This species is most similar to P. longicaudata, and indeed in an early key (Timms, 2004), males of the two species were inseparable. However, there are a number of minor differences: (a) the ventral processes are proportionally longer in P. boomeranga sp. nov., (b) the medial edge of the ventral processes is much more convex (boomerang shaped) in P. boomeranga sp. nov. than in P. longicaudata, (c) the medial thickened area in the ventral processes in P. longicaudata is almost straight, while in P. boomeranga sp. nov. it is boomerang shaped, (d) the distal antennomere is evenly concavely curved in P. longicaudata, but in P. boomeranga sp. nov. it is unevenly curved because it is thickened midlength and has outwardly curved apices, (e) the sixth abdominal segment is> twice the length of the first in P. longicaudata, but <twice in P. boomeranga sp. nov., (f) the basal spine of the gonopod is curved in P. longicaudata but straight in P. boomeranga sp. nov. and (g) the distal spine is sited about half way along the gonopod in B. longicaudata but two-thirds the distance in P. boomeranga sp. nov. While females of the two species (P. longicaudata, P. boomeranga sp. nov.) share some important characteristics, e.g. the segment 9 large dorsal tumidity and its large lateral lobes, segments 10 and 11 are dorsally sclerotized in both, and there are large ventrolateral tumidities on segment 11 in both. However there are many differences: (a) the first antenna are longer than the eye plus peduncle, and the narrow apical portion of the second antenna is longer than antenna width in P. longicaudata, as opposed to the first antenna being shorter than the eye plus peduncle, and narrow apical portion of second antenna being shorter than its width in P. boomeranga sp. nov., (b) thoracic segment 8 lacks a lateral lobe in P. longicaudata, but has one in P. boomeranga sp. nov., (c) segment 10 is larger than segment 11 in P. longicaudata, but relative size is reversed on P. boomeranga sp. nov., (d) in P. boomeranga sp. nov. segment 11 has large lateral lobes extended posteriorly in triangular projections, and (e) the brood pouch is generally trapezoid in P. longicaudata, but rectangular in P. boomeranga sp. nov. Distribution and ecology. P. boomeranga sp. nov. is known from only a few lakes in a narrow band northeast of Perth from near Gunyidi to Wubin to Kalannie to Cunderin (Timms et al., 2009)(Fig. 4). Most of its known sites are salinised and extant populations have not been located 2006–2008, leading Timms et al. 2009) to suggest this species be listed as Vulnerable under ICUN criteria. Little is known of its ecological requirements, other than a maximum salinity record of 120 g /L (Timms et al. 2009).Published as part of Timms, Brian V, 2010, Six new species of the brine shrimp Parartemia Sayce 1903 (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina) in Western Australia, pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 2715 on pages 11-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19970
- …
