97 research outputs found
Unselige Kontinuitäten - Eindrücke und Erfahrungen bei der Lektüre der Zeitschrift "Raumforschung und Raumordnung" ; 1936-1953
No full textDieser Artikel fand seinen sehr persönlichen Anstoß darin, dass der Autor viele Jahre die Zeitschrift „Raumforschung und Raumordnung“ mit herausgab, ohne die nationalsozialistischen Anfänge dieser Zeitschrift, deren Jahrgänge seit dem ersten Erscheinen 1936 fortlaufend gezählt werden, einer eigenständigen Wertung zu unterziehen. Die Schuld, dies wie andere nicht in Angriff genommen haben, hat ihn veranlasst, diese abzuarbeiten – mit einer durchgängigen Lektüre ihrer Anfänge. In diesem Artikel werden die „Lesefrüchte“ erstmals kurz vorgestellt. Dabei wird insbesondere auch auf die „unseligen Kontinuitäten“ eingegangen, die sich nach 1945 feststellen lassen, indem Gedankengänge fast ungebrochen wieder aufgenommen werden, die auch in der NS-Zeit im Vordergrund standen, nämlich eine anti-städtische Grundeinstellung und das Propagieren einer unbegriffenen Dezentralisierung.The very personal impetus for this paper lies in the fact that, for many years, the author
was on the editorial board of the journal “Raumforschung und Raumordnung”, and yet
at no time were the National Socialist origins of this journal – which continues to count
its annual volumes continuously from 1936 – subjected to independent appraisal. It was
in a spirit of assuaging the sense of guilt that neither he nor others had addressed this
issue that led him to read his way through the journal from its very beginnings. This
paper presents for the first time the “fruits of his labours”. The author pays particular
attention to the “unfortunate continuities” which are evident in the post-war years: almost
without interruption the same lines of thinking are taken up again as were prominent
during the Nazi era, i.e. a fundamentally anti-urban orientation and the propagation
of an insufficiently understood notion of decentralisation
Legitimacy of Control
No full textWhat is the motivational effect of imposing a minimum effort requirement? Agents may no longer exert voluntary effort but merely meet the requirement. Here, we examine how such hidden costs of control change when control is considered legitimate. We study a principal-agent model where control signals the expectations of the principal and the agent meets these expectations because he is guilt-averse. We conjecture that control is more likely to be considered legitimate (i) if it is not exclusively aimed at a specific agent or (ii) if it protects the endowment of the principal. Given the conjecture, the model predicts that hidden costs are lower when one of the two conditions is met. We experimentally test these predictions and find them confirmed.
Attention LSTM - "A comparison of ALSTM and LSTM performance in airline passenger forecast"
No full textThe introduction of Attention Long Short Term Memory (ALSTM) produces an alternative to Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) by aiming to optimize information passing via removing the complexity of the cells in LSTM. In this work, the results and comparison of the performance of LSTM algorithms versus ALSTM architectures are assessed through the forecast of airline passenger numbers over months. The results are analyzed through qualitative and quantitative data. The hypothesis made in this paper is that ALSTM will perform better than the LSTM, and the results show that the hypothesis was correct under some circumstances, although by a small margin.CSE3000 Research ProjectComputer Science and Engineerin
Optical Evaluation of Composite-Based Reflector Facets for Parabolic Trough Concentrators
No full textStructural analysis on Bryce’s character development in Wendelin Van Draanen’s Flipped
No full textINDONESIA:
Sastra membantu manusia memahami perasaan, ketertarikan, dan permasalahan manusia. Novel adalah sejenis karya sastra yang memperkenalkan berbagai nilai, pandangan, dan memberikan kesenangan dan simpati bagi setiap individu yang membacanya. Dalam novel, penggambaran karakter secara konsisten dapat dilihat dalam plot. Untuk menunjukkan setiap karakter dalam sebuah cerita, plot dapat mempengaruhi seseorang dalam pengembangan karakteristik. Beberapa peristiwa dari waktu ke waktu membuat karakter seseorang berubah secara alami. Penulis menggunakan Flipped oleh Wendelin Van Draanen yang diterbitkan oleh Knopf Book pada tahun 2001 sebagai objek tesis. Novel ini cukup populer, bahkan diadaptasi menjadi film.
Penelitian ini memiliki beberapa tujuan. Yaitu untuk mengetahui karakter Bryce, mengetahui plot dari Flipped, dan untuk mengetahui perkembangan karakter Bryce melalui plot.
Peneliti menggunakan tiga macam teori untuk menganalisis penelitian yang dibuatnya, agar lebih jelas dan lebih rinci. Kritik sastra digunakan sebagai metode dalam penelitian ini.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan yang meliputi penggunaan buku dan sumber dari internet untuk menunjang tahapan penyelesaian penelitian ini.
Penelitian ini memiliki beberapa hasil yaitu karakter Bryce di awal plot sangat mengerikan. Karakter Bryce tidak statis tetapi karakternya berkembang, dan perkembangan itu adalah perkembangan karakter dari karakter buruk menjadi baik. Dia berprasangka, pengecut, tidak bertanggung jawab, dan apatis. Beberapa kejadian di sepanjang alur novel membuat Bryce banyak berubah. Orang yang berprasangka buruk menjadi orang yang berpikiran terbuka, orang yang pengecut menjadi orang yang pemberani, orang yang tidak bertanggung jawab menjadi orang yang bertanggung jawab, dan orang yang apatis menjadi orang yang berinisiatif.
ENGLISH:
Literature assists humans with understanding human feelings, interests, and issues. The novel is a sort of literary work introducing numerous sorts of values, and views, and giving some fun and sympathy for every individual who reads. In the novel, the portrayal of the character consistently can be seen in the plot. To indicate each character in a story, the plot can affect a person in the development of characteristics. Some events from time to time make a person's character change naturally. The author uses Flipped by Wendelin Van Draanen which was published by Knopf Book in 2001 as the object of the thesis. This novel is quite popular, even adapted as a film.
This research has several objectives. Those are to find out Bryce’s character, to find out the plot of Flipped, and to find out the character development of Bryce through the plot.
The researcher uses three kinds of theories to analyze the study he made, to make it clearer and more detailed. Literary criticism is used as a method in this research.
This research is literature research that includes the use of books and sources from the internet to support the stages of completing this research.
This research has several results, namely the character of Bryce at the beginning of the plot, which is very terrible. Bryce's character is not static but his character is developing, and that development is the development of character from bad to good character. He is prejudice, coward, irresponsible, and apathetic. Several events in the plot of the novel make Bryce change a lot. Those who were prejudiced became open-minded people, cowards became brave people, irresponsible people became responsible people, and apathetic became people who took the initiative.
ARABIC:
الأدب يساعد الإنسان لتفهم المشاعر والاهتمامات و مشاكل البشري . الروايات هي عطوف الأدب التمهيدي _ متنوع القيم والآراء ويعطى بكل سرور وعطف إلى عن على كل الفرد الذي يقرأها. في الرواية ، التصوير شخصية بأسلوب ثابتة استطاع رأيت في المؤامرات. لتبين كل شخصية في القصة مؤامرة تأثير شخص ما في تطوير الخصائص. الأحادث من الوقت إلى الوقت صنع شخصية ما تغير بأسلوب طبيعي . الباحثة باستخدام مقلوب نشر Wendelin Van Draanen بواسطة Knopf Book on 2001 باسم موضوع أطروحة. هذه الرواية كاف شعبية ، حتى تكيف يكون فيلما.
تذاكر هذه البحث الاهداف. هذا هو إلى عن على معرفة شخصية بريس، لمعرفة المؤامرة من Flipped ، و إلى لمعرفة تطوير شخصية بريس من خلال المؤامرة.
الباحثة استعمال ثلاثة نظرية على تحليل البحث الذي أجراه ، حتى أكثر من ذلك صافي والتفاصيل. نقد الأدب تستخدم مثل طريقة في دراسة. يذاكر هذه دراسة يتضمن ببليوغرافيا استعمال كتاب و مصدر من الإنترنت لـدعم مراحل مستوطنة هذه دراسة.
تذاكر هذه الدراسة لديها النتائج هو شخصية بريس في بداية الحبكة رهيب. شخصية لبريس لا تفعل ذلك ثابتة لكن شخصية تنمو و تطوير الذي يكون تطوير شخصية هي سيء يصبح حسنًا. هو متحيز ، جبان ، لا مسؤول الجواب ولا مبالي. الأحداث على طول جعلت حبكة الرواية برايس كثيرًا التغيير. شخص متحيز سيء كن شخصًا متشابهًا في التفكير منفتح ، شخص جبان كن شخصًا شجاعًا، شخصًا ليس كذلك مسؤول إجابه كن المسؤول الجواب وشخص لا مبالي كن شخصًا بمبادرة
Improving the performance of Recurrent Neural Networks for time series prediction by combining Long Short-Term Memory and Attention Long Short-Term Memory
No full textRecurrent neural networks (RNNs) used in time series prediction are still not perfect in their predictions and improvements can still be made in the area. Most recently transformers have led to great improvements in the field of RNNs, however transformers can not be used on time series data, because the architecture of transformers does not account for the flow of time and would use future data to predict past events. This research aims to further improve the performance of machine learning models on time-series prediction. It attempts to do so by implementing a new neural network model based on the multi-head attention mechanism (used in transformers) and combining it with an already existing neural network model called long short term memory (LSTM). To test whether the newly implemented models have improved performance they are tested on a weather dataset and compared on their ability to correctly predict daily maximum temperatures. The final results however show that combining LSTM and ALSTM models does not results in an improved loss that is worth the extra instability that is added to the model and the extra computational cost that is needed to train the model.CSE3000 Research ProjectComputer Science and Engineerin
Deep Exploration by Planning With Uncertainty in Deep Model Based Reinforcement Learning
No full textDeep, model based reinforcement learning has shown state of the art, human-exceeding performance in many challenging domains. Low sample efficiency and limited exploration remain however as leading obstacles in the field. In this work, we incorporate epistemic uncertainty into planning for better exploration.We develop a low-cost framework for estimating and computing the uncertainty as it propagates in planning with a learned model.We propose a new method, \textit{planning for exploration}, that utilizes the propagated uncertainty for inference of the best action for exploration in real time, to achieve exploration that is informed, sequential over multiple time steps and acts with respect to uncertainty in decisions that are multiple steps into the future (deep exploration).To evaluate our method with the state of the art algorithm MuZero, we incorporate different uncertainty estimation mechanisms, modify the Monte-Carlo tree search planning used by MuZero to incorporate our developed framework, and overcome challenges associated with learning from off-policy, exploratory trajectories with an algorithm that learns from on-policy targets. Our results demonstrate that planning for exploration is able to achieve effective deep exploration even when deployed with an algorithm that learns from on-policy targets, and using standard, scalable uncertainty estimation mechanisms.We further provide an ablation study that illustrates that the methodology we propose for on-policy target generation from exploratory trajectories is effective at alleviating averse effects of training with trajectories that have not been sampled from an explotiatory policy. We provide full access to our implementation and our algorithmic contributions through GitHub.Computer Scienc
General Tree Evaluation for AlphaZero
No full textOver the last decade, there have been significant advances in model-based deep reinforcement learning. One of the most successful such algorithms is AlphaZero which combines Monte Carlo Tree Search with deep learning. AlphaZero and its successors commonly describe a unified framework for tree construction and acting. For instance, build the tree with PUCT and act according to visitation counts. Policies based on visitation counts inherently make assumptions about the tree construction. This is problematic since it constrains the construction algorithm. For example, breadth-first tree construction yields a uniform visitation policy. To address this, we investigate the goals when extracting policies from decision trees and propose novel construction decoupled policies. Furthermore, we use these to modify how decision nodes are evaluated and utilize this during tree construction. We support the claim that our novel policies can benefit AlphaZero with theoretical analysis and empirical evidence. Our results on classical Gym environments show that the benefits are especially prominent for limited simulation budgets. The code is available through GitHub.https://github.com/albinjal/GeneralAlphaZero GitHubComputer Science | Artificial Intelligenc
Generalization and Data Transformation Invariance of Visual Attention Models
No full textThis paper compares the generalizing capability of multi-head attention (MHA) models with that of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This is done by comparing their performance on out-ofdistribution data. The dataset that is used to train both models is created by coupling digits from the MNIST dataset with a set amount of background images from the CIFAR-10 dataset. An out of distribution sample is generated by using a background not used during training. This paper compares the accuracy of both models on such out-ofdistribution samples to indicate the generalizability of both models. Furthermore, the invariance of MHA models towards certain affine data transformations is compared to that of CNNs. The results indicate that MHAs might be slightly better at generalizing to unseen data, but that CNNs are better able to generalize to the data transformations performed in this papers experiments.CSE3000 Research ProjectComputer Science and Engineerin
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