362 research outputs found
Elastic energy and staging in intercalation compounds
No full textPT: J; CR: BERLINSKY AJ, 1979, SOLID STATE COMMUN, V31, P135 DAHN DC, UNPUB DAHN JR, 1981, SOLID STATE COMMUN, V40, P245 HARRIS AB, 1979, CAN J PHYS, V57, P1859 LEE CR, 1980, J PHYS SOC JPN, V49, P870 MCKINNON WR, 1980, SOLID STATE IONICS, V1, P111 NAGELBERG AS, 1981, J SOLID STATE CHEM, V38, P321 OHNISHI S, 1980, SOLID STATE COMMUN, V36, P823 OSORIO R, J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS PIESL H, 1978, HYDROGEN METALS, V1 SAFRAN SA, 1980, PHYS REV B, V22, P606 SAFRAN SA, 1980, PHYS REV LETT, V44, P937 SCHOLZ GA, 1980, MATER RES BULL, V15, P1703 SEZERMAN O, 1980, SOLID STATE COMM, V40, P245 THOMPSON AH, 1981, SOLID STATE IONICS, V3, P175 WAGNER H, 1978, HYDROGEN METALS, V1 WHITTINGHAM MS, 1975, MATER RES B, V10, P363; NR: 17; TC: 97; J9: SOLID STATE COMMUN; PG: 5; GA: NL648Source type: Electronic(1
Topical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene replacement for cystic fibrosis-related lung disease
No full textTopical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene replacement for cystic fibrosis-related lung disease
No full textTopical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene replacement for cystic fibrosis-related lung disease
No full textEdges of the mind : psychic margins and the modernist aesthetic in Vernon Lee, Evelyn Underhill, May Sinclair, Dion Fortune and Jane Harrison.
No full textPhDThe question 'Where does she begin and I end, asked in Virginia Woolf's The Years, voices a modernist
concern with the limits of self-identity and related questions of egoism and altruism. In this thesis I argue
that this concern is informed by a pre-history of thinking about selfhood, psychic boundaries and the
spiritual mainly ignored by readings of modernism which map the psyche via psychoanalysis, or Freud's
'discovery of the unconscious'. Our thinking about the self has become colonised by the literary doctrines of
better known canonical figures of the modernist period, generating a way of thinking about the limits of the
psyche which is both literally and metaphorically circumscribed. A reading of more eccentric discourses
explicitly engaged in negotiating the boundaries of individuality can provide a history of the psychic
underpinnings to the modernist conception of the self. The representation of marginal states of
consciousness, or epiphanic moments, is crucial to the literature of modernism: interpretation of these altered
states, or edges, can be refigured through readings of Vernon Lee, Evelyn Underhill, May Sinclair, Dion
Fortune and Jane Harrison: five women writing between 1880-1930 for whom pre-Freudian forms of
dissolution and challenge to self-unity are palpably present in the form of telepathy, subliminal selves,
oceanic consciousness and internal multiplicity. In addition to writing non-fictional texts which variously
explore the psychological, philosophical, ethical, spiritual and occult implications of the modernist position,
each of these women, excepting the classical scholar Jane Harrison, also wrote fiction. The aesthetic
questions of modernism dovetail into the theoretical arguments of the writers in this thesis, inviting a
different reading of its psychological sub-text and to suggest that where 'stream-of-consciousness' is
stylistically indispensable, the 'oceanic', as counterpart, thematically haunts the modernist aestheti
Biomechanical signals and the C-type natriuretic peptide counteract catabolic activities induced by IL-1? in chondrocyte/agarose constructs
No full textIntroduction: The present study examined the effect of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on the anabolic and catabolic activities in chondrocyte/agarose constructs subjected to dynamic compression. Methods: Constructs were cultured under free-swelling conditions or subjected to dynamic compression with low (0.1 to 100 pM) or high concentrations (1 to 1,000 nM) of CNP, interleukin-1? (IL-1?), and/or KT-5823 (inhibits cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase II (PKGII)). Anabolic and catabolic activities were assessed as follows: nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release, and [3H]-thymidine and 35SO4 incorporation were quantified by using biochemical assays. Gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), aggrecan, and collagen type II were assessed with real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Two-way ANOVA and the post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t tests were used to examine data. Results: CNP reduced NO and PGE2 release and partially restored [3H]-thymidine and 35SO4 incorporation in constructs cultured with IL-1?. The response was dependent on the concentration of CNP, such that 100 pM increased [3H]-thymidine incorporation (P < 0.001). This is in contrast to 35SO4 incorporation, which was enhanced with 100 or 1000 nM CNP in the presence and absence of IL-1? (P < 0.001). Stimulation by both dynamic compression and CNP and/or the PKGII inhibitor further reduced NO and PGE2 release and restored [3H]-thymidine and 35SO4 incorporation. In the presence and absence of IL-1?, the magnitude of stimulation for [3H]-thymidine and 35SO4 incorporation by dynamic compression was dependent on the concentration of CNP and the response was inhibited with the PKGII inhibitor. In addition, stimulation by CNP and/or dynamic compression reduced IL-1?-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression and restored aggrecan and collagen type II expression. The catabolic response was not further influenced with the PKGII inhibitor in IL-1?-treated constructs. Conclusions: Treatment with CNP and dynamic compression increased anabolic activities and blocked catabolic effects induced by IL-1?. The anabolic response was PKGII mediated and raises important questions about the molecular mechanisms of CNP with mechanical signals in cartilage. Therapeutic agents like CNP could be administered in conjunction with controlled exercise therapy to slow the OA disease progression and to repair damaged cartilage. The findings from this research provide the potential for developing novel agents to slow the pathophysiologic mechanisms and to treat OA in the young and old. <br/
Characterization of water and wildlife strains as a subgroup of Campylobacter jejuni using DNA microarrays.
No full textCampylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, but source attribution of the organism is difficult. Previously, DNA microarrays were used to investigate isolate source, which suggested a non-livestock source of infection. In this study we analysed the genome content of 162 clinical, livestock and water and wildlife (WW) associated isolates combined with the previous study. Isolates were grouped by genotypes into nine clusters (C1 to C9). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data demonstrated that livestock associated clonal complexes dominated clusters C1-C6. The majority of WW isolates were present in the C9 cluster. Analysis of previously reported genomic variable regions demonstrated that these regions were linked to specific clusters. Two novel variable regions were identified. A six gene multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay, designed to effectively differentiated strains into clusters, was validated with 30 isolates. A further five WW isolates were tested by mPCR and were assigned to the C7-C9 group of clusters. The predictive mPCR test could be used to indicate if a clinical case has come from domesticated or WW sources. Our findings provide further evidence that WW C. jejuni subtypes show niche adaptation and may be important in causing human infection
A nonspectroscopic method to determine the photolytic decomposition pathways of 3-chloro-3-alkyldiazirine: Carbene, diazo and rearrangement in excited state
No full textC-60 acts as a mechanistic probe for the formation of carbene, diazo compound, and for the rearranged product via the excited state in the photolysis of 3-chloro-3-isopropyldiazirine and 3-chloro-3-chloromethyldiazirine. The carbene adds to C-60 to form methanofullerene, whereas the diazo compound adds to C-60 to form fulleroid. The olefin product arises as a result of the rearrangement in the excited state.PT: J; CR: AKASAKA T, 1999, J ORG CHEM, V64, P566 AKASAKA T, 1999, ORG LETT, V1, P1509 AKASAKA T, 2000, J AM CHEM SOC, V122, P7134 ARENAS JF, 2002, J AM CHEM SOC, V124, P1728 BECKE AD, 1988, PHYS REV A, V38, P3098 BECKE AD, 1993, J CHEM PHYS, V98, P5648 BONNEAU R, 1996, J AM CHEM SOC, V118, P3829 BONNEAU R, 1996, J AM CHEM SOC, V118, P7229 BRINKER U, 1994, ADV CARBENE CHEM, V1 BRINKER U, 1998, ADV CARBENE CHEM, V2 FRISCH MJ, 1998, GAUSSIAN 98 GRAHAM WH, 1965, J AM CHEM SOC, V87, P4396 HIRSCH A, 1993, CHEM BER, V126, P1061 JACKSON JE, 1988, J AM CHEM SOC, V110, P595 LAVILLA JA, 1989, J AM CHEM SOC, V111, P6877 LAVILLA JA, 1989, J AM CHEM SOC, V111, P712 LEE C, 1988, PHYS REV B, V37, P785 LIU MTH, 1987, CHEM DIAZIRINES, V1 LIU MTH, 1987, CHEM DIAZIRINES, V2 LIU MTH, 1996, J AM CHEM SOC, V118, P8098 MARTIN N, 1998, CHEM REV, V98, P2527 MODARELLI DA, 1992, J AM CHEM SOC, V114, P7034 PIETRO WJ, 1982, J AM CHEM SOC, V104, P5039 PLATZ MS, 1994, RES CHEM INTERMEDIAT, V20, P175 SCHICK G, 1998, TETRAHEDRON, V54, P4283 WHITE WR, 1992, J ORG CHEM, V57, P2841; NR: 26; TC: 8; J9: J AM CHEM SOC; PG: 4; GA: 582NTSource type: Electronic(1
Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 mediates gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling to a specific extracellularly regulated kinase-sensitive transcriptional locus in the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit gene
No full textG protein-coupled receptor regulation of gene transcription primarily occurs through the phosphorylation of transcription factors by MAPKs. This requires transduction of an activating signal via scaffold proteins that can ultimately determine the outcome by binding signaling kinases and adapter proteins with effects on the target transcription factor and locus of activation. By investigating these mechanisms, we have elucidated how pituitary gonadotrope cells decode an input GnRH signal into coherent transcriptional output from the LH beta-subunit gene promoter. We show that GnRH activates c-Src and multiple members of the MAPK family, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2. Using dominant-negative point mutations and chemical inhibitors, we identified that calcium-dependent proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 specifically acts as a scaffold for a focal adhesion/cytoskeleton-dependent complex comprised of c-Src, Grb2, and mSos that translocates an ERK-activating signal to the nucleus. The locus of action of ERK was specifically mapped to early growth response-1 (Egr-1) DNA binding sites within the LH beta-subunit gene proximal promoter, which was also activated by p38MAPK, but not c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2. Egr-1 was confirmed as the transcription factor target of ERK and p38MAPK by blockade of protein expression, transcriptional activity, and DNA binding. We have identified a novel GnRH-activated proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2-dependent ERK-mediated signal transduction pathway that specifically regulates Egr-1 activation of the LH beta-subunit proximal gene promoter, and thus provide insight into the molecular mechanisms required for differential regulation of gonadotropin gene expression
Bilateral and unilateral arm training improve motor function through differing neuroplastic mechanisms: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial
No full textBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
This randomized controlled trial tests the efficacy of bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing (BATRAC) versus dose-matched therapeutic exercises (DMTEs) on upper-extremity (UE) function in stroke survivors and uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine effects on cortical reorganization.
METHODS:
A total of 111 adults with chronic UE paresis were randomized to 6 weeks (3×/week) of BATRAC or DMTE. Primary end points of UE assessments of Fugl-Meyer UE Test (FM) and modified Wolf Motor Function Test Time (WT) were performed 6 weeks prior to and at baseline, after training, and 4 months later. Pretraining and posttraining, fMRI for UE movement was evaluated in 17 BATRAC and 21 DMTE participants.
RESULTS:
The improvements in UE function (BATRAC: FM Δ = 1.1 + 0.5, P = .03; WT Δ = -2.6 + 0.8, P < .00; DMTE: FM Δ = 1.9 + 0.4, P < .00; WT Δ = -1.6 + 0.7; P = .04) were comparable between groups and retained after 4 months. Satisfaction was higher after BATRAC than DMTE (P = .003). BATRAC led to significantly higher increase in activation in ipsilesional precentral, anterior cingulate and postcentral gyri, and supplementary motor area and contralesional superior frontal gyrus (P < .05). Activation change in the latter was correlated with improvement in the WMFT (P = .01).
CONCLUSIONS:
BATRAC is not superior to DMTE, but both rehabilitation programs durably improve motor function for individuals with chronic UE hemiparesis and with varied deficit severity. Adaptations in brain activation are greater after BATRAC than DMTE, suggesting that given similar benefits to motor function, these therapies operate through different mechanisms
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