41 research outputs found
Additional file 1 of Are there non-linear relationships between alcohol consumption and long-term health?: a systematic review of observational studies employing approaches to improve causal inference
No full textAdditional file 1
The relationship between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use in young adulthood and anxiety or depressive disorders in the mid-30s: Findings from the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study
No full textAbstractBackground and aimsMDMA (3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine or “Ecstasy”) is the fourth‐most used illicit substance globally. While previous research found links between MDMA use and mental health outcomes, the direction and nature of this relationship remain unclear. This study assessed whether MDMA use in early adulthood increases the risk of anxiety or depression in mid‐30s.DesignA longitudinal, population‐based study using doubly robust inverse probability treatment weighted regression analysis, a contemporary confounder adjustment technique, to examine the relationship between MDMA use in early adulthood (age 20–29) and subsequent anxiety or depression at age 35.SettingVictoria, Australia.ParticipantsData were drawn from the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study (VAHCS), which began in 1992 with a statewide representative sample of 1943 Year 9 students (aged 14–15) from 44 Victorian schools. This paper uses data collected from wave 2 to wave 10 (ages 15–35).MeasurementsAcross waves 7–9 (ages 20–29), MDMA use was categorised as any use, persistent use (none, one wave, two or more waves) and frequent use (none, infrequent, frequent). Wave 10 (age 35) outcomes were 12‐month diagnoses of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).FindingsThere was little evidence linking any pattern of MDMA use in early adulthood with depressive disorders by the mid‐30s; however, compared with non‐MDMA users, the adjusted odds of an anxiety disorder were higher in those who reported past 12‐month MDMA use [odds ratio (OR) = 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12–2.68), persistent MDMA use at two or more waves (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.07–3.94), as well as infrequent (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.14–3.92) and frequent MDMA use (OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.15–5.71).ConclusionsMDMA use (3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine or “Ecstasy”) in early adulthood appears to be associated with increased odds of anxiety disorders but not depressive disorder by the mid‐30s
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VARIABILITY AND STABILITY OF CANNABIS USE IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD
No full textFACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VARIABILITY AND STABILITY OF CANNABIS USE IN YOUNG ADULTHOO
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VARIABILITY AND STABILITY OF CANNABIS USE IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD
No full textFACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VARIABILITY AND STABILITY OF CANNABIS USE IN YOUNG ADULTHOO
Cohort profile: The Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study (APSALS)
No full textThe Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study (APSALS) was established in 2010 to investigate the short- and long-term associations between exposure to early parental alcohol provision, early adolescent alcohol initiation, subsequent alcohol use and alcohol-related harms, controlling for a wide range of parental, child, familial, peer and contextual covariates. The cohort commenced with 1927 parent-child dyads comprising Australian Grade 7 school students (mean age = 12.9 years, range = 10.8–15.7 years), and a parent/guardian. Baseline, 1- and 2-year follow-up data have been collected, with > 90% retention, and a 3-year follow-up is under way. The data collected include child, familial, parental and peer factors addressing demographics, alcohol use and supply, parenting practices, other substance use, adolescent behaviours and peer influences. The cohort is ideal for prospectively examining predictors of initiation and progression of alcohol use, which increases markedly through adolescence
sj-docx-1-cpx-10.1177_21677026231168564 – Supplemental material for “One Metric to Rule Them All”: A Common Metric for Symptoms of Depression and Generalized Anxiety in Adolescent Samples
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-cpx-10.1177_21677026231168564 for “One Metric to Rule Them All”: A Common Metric for Symptoms of Depression and Generalized Anxiety in Adolescent Samples by Matthew Sunderland, Nicholas Olsen, Rachel Visontay, Cath Chapman, Louise Mewton, Lexine Stapinski, Nicola Newton, Maree Teesson and Tim Slade in Clinical Psychological Science</p
sj-docx-1-anp-10.1177_00048674221080406 – Supplemental material for Multiple lifestyle risk behaviours and hierarchical dimensions of psychopathology in 6640 Australian adolescents
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-anp-10.1177_00048674221080406 for Multiple lifestyle risk behaviours and hierarchical dimensions of psychopathology in 6640 Australian adolescents by Lauren A Gardner, Katrina E Champion, Cath Chapman, Nicola C Newton, Tim Slade, Scarlett Smout, Maree Teesson and Matthew Sunderland in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry</p
Drinking risk varies within and between Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander samples: a meta‐analysis to identify sources of heterogeneity
No full textBackground and Aims: To reduce health and social inequities, it is important to understand how drinking patterns vary within and between Indigenous peoples. We aimed to assess variability in estimates of Indigenous Australian drinking patterns and to identify demographic and methodological factors associated with this. Design: A three-level meta-analysis of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (‘Indigenous’) drinking patterns [International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) no. CRD42018103209]. Setting: Australia. Participants: Indigenous Australians. Measurements: The primary outcomes extracted were drinking status, single-occasion risk and life-time risk. Moderation analysis was performed to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. Moderators included gender, age, socio-economic status, local alcohol restrictions, sample population, remoteness, Australian state or territory, publication year, Indigenous involvement in survey design or delivery and cultural adaptations. Findings: A systematic review of the literature revealed 41 eligible studies. For all primary outcomes, considerable heterogeneity was identified within ((Formula presented.) = 51.39–68.80%) and between ((Formula presented.) = 29.27–47.36%) samples. The pooled proportions (P) of current drinkers [P = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.53–0.65], single-occasion (P = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.24–0.44) and life-time (P = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.15–0.29) risk were all moderated by gender, age, remoteness and measurement tool. Reference period moderated proportions of participants at single-occasion risk. Conclusions: Indigenous Australian drinking patterns vary within and between communities. Initiatives to reduce high-risk drinking should take account of this variability.</p
N-acetyl cysteine for the treatment of alcohol use disorder: study protocol for a multi-site, double-blind randomised controlled trial (NAC-AUD study)
No full textIntroduction
Current treatments for alcohol use disorders (AUD) have limited efficacy. A previous 28-day pilot trial of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) vs placebo found NAC to be feasible and safe, with evidence of improvement on some measures of alcohol consumption. Thus, the primary aim of the NAC-AUD study is to examine the therapeutic and cost-effectiveness of NAC vs placebo in improving treatment outcomes for AUD. We will also examine the (i) effect of NAC vs placebo on mood, markers of liver injury, cognition and hangover symptoms; and (ii) predictors of any response.
Methods and analysis
This double-blind trial will randomise participants with AUD to a 12-week regimen of either NAC (2400 mg/day) or placebo. All participants will receive medical management. The primary drinking outcome will be the number of heavy drinking days (HDDs) per week, validated by phosphatidylethanol (PEth). Secondary alcohol-related outcomes will include standard drinks per drinking day (SDDD) per week and absence of any HDDs. Other secondary outcomes will include markers of liver injury, depression, anxiety, craving, hangover symptoms, cognition and blood oxidative stress markers. We will also examine the cost-efficacy of NAC vs placebo.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval for the study has been granted by The Sydney Local Health District Ethics Review Committee (X21-0342& HREC2021/ETH11614). There are no restrictions on publication from the sponsor or other parties.
Trial registration number
NCT05408247
