184 research outputs found
The amoebal MAP kinase response to Legionella pneumophila is regulated by DupA
No full textThe amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum can support replication of Legionella pneumophila. Here we identify the dupA gene, encoding a putative tyrosine kinase/dual-specificity phosphatase, in a screen for D. discoideum mutants altered in allowing L. pneumophila intracellular replication. Inactivation of dupA resulted in depressed L. pneumophila growth and sustained hyperphosphorylation of the amoebal MAP kinase ERK1, consistent with loss of a phosphatase activity. Bacterial challenge of wild-type amoebae induced dupA expression and resulted in transiently increased ERK1 phosphorylation, suggesting that dupA and ERK1 are part of a response to bacteria. Indeed, over 500 of the genes misregulated in the dupA(-) mutant were regulated in response to L. pneumophila infection, including some thought to have immune-like functions. MAP kinase phosphatases are known to be highly upregulated in macrophages challenged with L. pneumophila. Thus, DupA may regulate a MAP kinase response to bacteria that is conserved from amoebae to mammals
In-vitro-Studien zum Einfluss der nicht-invasiven Atemunterstützung auf die Atemgaskonditionierung bei Neugeborenen
No full textEinleitung
Die Erwärmung und Befeuchtung des Atemgases ist bei allen Formen der nicht-invasiven Atemunterstützung von besonderer Bedeutung, da eine inadäquate Atemgaskonditionierung zur Austrocknung der oberen Luftwege führt. Mukoziliäre Dysfunktion, Infektionen und Atemwegsobstruktion durch visköse Sekrete können die Folge sein. Bei Neugeborenen ist bisher nur wenig über den Einfluss von Beatmungseinstellungen und Mundlecks auf die Atemgaskonditionierung bei diesen Beatmungsformen bekannt. Die vorliegenden Arbeiten hatten daher das Ziel, den Einfluss dieser Faktoren auf die oropharyngeale Feuchte und Temperatur während der nicht-invasiven Atemunterstützung zu untersuchen.
Methodik
Es wurde ein neuartiges neonatales in-vitro-Modell entwickelt, das oropharyngeale Gasbedingungen, Spontanatmung und Mundlecks unter nicht-invasiver Atemunterstützung simuliert. Anhand dieses Modells wurden verschiedene klinisch relevante Beatmungsszenarios unter nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP)-Therapie, mit einer High-Flow-Nasenbrille und während der nasalen Hochfrequenzoszillation (nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation = nHFOV) untersucht. Zur Konditionierung des Atemgases wurde ein beheizter Luftbefeuchter verwendet. Die Messung von Temperatur und Feuchte innerhalb des Oropharynxmodells erfolgte mit einem digitalen Thermo-Hygrosensor.
Ergebnisse
In allen Experimenten konnten im Modelloropharynx stabile Atemgasbedingungen simuliert werden. Ohne Atemunterstützung wurden bei einer Atemfrequenz von 60 min-1 physiologische Werte für absolute Feuchte (aF) und Temperatur (T) erreicht (aF=33,7 ± 0,6 g*m−3, T=32,1 ± 0,2 °C). Unter nCPAP führte ein Mundleck in drei unterschiedlichen Szenarios der Atemgaskonditionierung stets zu einer Re-duktion der aF (p<0,001). Unter High-Flow-Therapie führte ein Anstieg des Gasflows bis 6 L*min-1 zu einem signifikanten Anstieg von aF und T (je p<0,001) ohne Einfluss der Mundöffnung. Bei Erhöhung des Gasflows auf 8 L*min-1 hatte das Mundleck einen negativen Einfluss auf aF und T (jeweils p=0,001). Eine Erhöhung der nHFOV-Amplitude und eine Reduktion der Frequenz führte jeweils zu einer Reduk-tion von aF und T im neonatalen Oropharynxmodell (je p<0,001). Unter nHFOV mit einer Amplitude von 30 cm H2O und einer Frequenz von 7 Hz fiel die aF gegenüber nCPAP von 39,3 ± 1,3 g*m-3 auf 34,7 ± 0,5 g*m-3 ab. Die Erhöhung des Verhältnisses zwischen Inspiration und Expiration der nHFOV-Oszillationen bewirkte ebenfalls eine Reduktion der aF und T (p=0,003).
Schlussfolgerung
Das neue in-vitro-Modell der neonatalen Atemgaskonditionierung ist geeignet, die oropharyngealen Gasbedingungen unter nicht-invasiver Atemgasunterstützung zu simulieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Atemgaskonditionierung unter nCPAP und mit High-Flow-Nasenbrille deutlich eingeschränkt ist, wenn Leckbedingungen herrschen. Unter nHFOV führten alle Einstellungen, die auf eine verbesserte Ventilation abzielen (Hohe Amplituden, niedrige Frequenzen und hohe Inspirations-zu-Exspirati-ons-Raten) zu einer schlechteren Befeuchtung. Zukünftige Arbeiten sollten daher die Optimierung der Erwärmung und Befeuchtung des Atemgases während der nicht-invasiven Atemunterstützung zum Ziel haben.Abstract
Introduction
Heated humidification of the breathing gas is paramount during all forms of non-invasive respiratory support since inadadequate gas conditioning may lead to desiccation of the upper airways.This may result in mucociliary dysfunction, infections or airway obstruction by viscous secretions. To date, little is known about the influence of parameter settings and mouth leaks on gas conditioning during these modes of respiratory support in neonates. Thus, the present work is dedicated to the influence of these factors on oropharyngeal temperature and humidity during non-invasive respiratory support.
Methods
A novel neonatal bench model was developed, able to simulate physiological oropharyngeal gas condi-tions, spontaneous breathing and mouth leaks during non-invasive respiratory support. Clinically rele-vant scenarios of neonatal nasal continous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) application were tested. A heated hu-midifier was used to condition the breathing gas. Temperature and humidity were measured inside the model oropharynx with a digital thermohygrosensor.
Results
In all experiments, stable oropharyngeal gas conditions could be simulated. During unsupported breath-ing and a respiratory rate of 60 min-1, physiological values of absolute humidity (AH) and temperature (T) were reached (AH=33.7 ± 0.6 g*m−3, T=32.1 ± 0.2 °C). With nCPAP, a mouth leak invariably led toreductions in oropharyngeal absolute humidity (AH) (p<0,001) in three different scenarios of gas con-ditioning. During HFNC an increase of flow up to 6 L*min-1 resulted in an increase of AH and T (p<0.001, respectively) with no influence of mouth opening. At a flow of 8 L*min-1, however, a mouth leak had a negative impact on AH and T (p=0.001, respectively). Increasing nHFOV amplitude and decreasing nHFOV frequency led to a reduced AH and T in the model oropharynx (p<0.001, respectively). At an nHFOV amplitude of 30 cm H2O and a frequency of 7 Hz, AH was reduced to 34.7 ± 0.5 g*m-3 in com-parison to 39.3 ± 1.3 g*m-3 during nCPAP. Increasing the inspiratory-to-exspiratory ratio also led to re-ductions in AH and T (p=0,003).
Conclusion
This new bench model of neonatal gas conditioning is suited to simulate oropharyngeal gas conditions during non-invasive respiratory support. The results show that during nCPAP and HFNC, gas condition-ing is considerably impaired in the presence of mouth leaks. During nHFOV, all parameter settings aiming at an intensification of ventilation (high amplitudes, low frequencies and high I:E ratios) resulted in an impairment of humidification. Future studies should be dedicated to optimizing heated humidifica-tion during non-invasive respiratory support
Acts of Heritage, Acts of Value: Memorializing at the Chattri Indian Memorial, UK
No full textThe Chattri Indian Memorial is a public site that hosts and embodies heritage in complex ways. Standing on the edge of Brighton, UK in a once-remote part of the Sussex Downs, the Memorial was built in 1921 to honour Indian soldiers who fought on the Western Front during the First World War. As both a sacred place and a space of socio-cultural heritagization processes, the monument is an enduring testament of past values of war heroism, but also more ephemeral practices of ritual. The article documents the heritage-making at work within memorialization at the Chattri as a case study, examining how differing ‘valuations’ of a memorial site can be enacted through time, between material form and immaterial practices, and across cultures. The article theorizes participants’ current affective practices as conscious ‘past presencing’ (Macdonald, 2013), and analyses how their conscious acts of heritage-making affectively enacted values of morality, community and belonging
Predictable or Not? Forecasting Office Markets with a Simultaneous Equation Approach
No full textThe main objective of this paper is to elucidate the capability of time-series regression models to capture and forecast movements in occupancy patterns, rental rates and construction activity. The model presented is a three-stage simultaneous equation model. The first stage incorporates the office space market in terms of occupied space and absorption of new space. The second stage captures the adjustment of office rents to changing market conditions and the third stage specifies the supply response to market signals in terms of construction of new office space. The standard simultaneous model is subsequently modified to account for the specific characteristics using the New York market as a case study. The results demonstrate that the market reacts efficiently and predictably to changes in market conditions. The significance of the estimated parameters underscores the general validity and robustness of the simultaneous equation approach in modeling real estate markets. The modifications of the standard model, notably the inclusion of sublet space in the rent equation, contributed considerably to improving the explanatory power of the model. Finally, we test whether a non-linear function performs better than the original linear approach and find mixed evidence based on the limited empirical dataset of this study.forecasting; real estate; office markets; dynamic models; simultaneous equation approach; multivariate regression models;
Does it Pay to Watch Central Bankers' Lips? The Information Content of ECB Wording
No full textIn this analysis, the informational content of central bank rhetoric is assessed based on the experience with the ECB since 1999. Among the ECB?s communication channels we focus on the monthly press conferences. Based on a counting of certain signal words we construct a wording indicator reflecting the ?hawkishness? of monetary rhetorics. For the construction, we develop an objective algorithm representing a learning process of ECB observers. We then integrate this indicator into a standard Taylor type ordered probit model for the explanation of the interest rate. We show that the wording indicator can improve the model?s fit when added to the standard explanatory variables. However, a model based solely on this indicator performs worse than the baseline. The results are confirmed by out of sample analysis where the determination of the wording indicators? weights is based on the early ECB period which, subsequently, is excluded from the tests. Our conclusion is that linguistic analysis can improve but not substitute more rigorous forecasting techniques based on hard economic data. --Taylor rule,wording,central bank communication
Notes on Eastern North American Butterflies
No full textEditor’s Note (Harry Pavulaan). New natural history elements and distribution records of several eastern North American butterflies are reported. While diversity and distribution of butterflies in the eastern United States are commonly believed to be fully known, the findings presented here show that much is yet to be learned of our butterfly fauna.
Includes:
1. Pages 1-3
Lethe eurydice and L. appalachia Larvae (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) Eat Their Shed Cuticle (Exuvia) Soon after Molting in Vermont, USA by David J. Hoag
Abstract
Larvae of Lethe eurydice and L. appalachia were observed eating their newly shed cuticle (exuvia). Further studies are needed to examine the extent of this unique dietary habit within the Satyrinae.
2. Page 4
Virginia state record of Phyciodes phaon (W. H. Edwards, 1864) (Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae) by Harry Pavulaan
Abstract
A state record specimen of Phyciodes phaon, originally reported by the author in the Virginia Butterfly Bulletin (Pavulaan, 2000), is illustrated for the first time with a view of location collected.
3. Pages 5-13
Butterflies of the Potomac River Woodlands in Leesburg, Loudoun Co., Virginia: A Depauperate Fauna? by Harry Pavulaan
Abstract
Butterfly observations made over a 16-year period (2005-2020) in the deciduous woodland habitat along the Potomac River in Leesburg, Virginia reveal a depauperate butterfly fauna in a region otherwise known for its rich butterfly diversity. While the forest canopy contains a high diversity of deciduous tree species, and patches of understory shrubs show limited variety, the herb flora of the forest floor is severely lacking due to uncontrolled deer browsing, poor soil conditions and prolonged annual summer droughts. The butterfly fauna is summarized here.
4. Page 14
Limenitis a. arthemis (White Admiral) in Coastal Southeastern Virginia by Brian Taber
Abstract
Limenitis a. arthemis is reported from coastal southeastern Virginia for the first time.
5. Pages 15-16
Three Species of the Pearly-Eye Genus Enodia (Hübner, 1819) Observed Together in Colonial National Historical Park, Virginia by Kenneth Lorenzen
Abstract
Butterflies of the Pearly-eye group of satyrs (genus Enodia) are rarely observed together at the same site at the same time. This report documents an occurrence of Enodia anthedon, E. portlandia, and E. creola together at a location near Jamestown, Virginia, United States.
Editor’s note: Enodia is now recognized as a subgenus of Lethe.
6. Pages 17-19
Atlides halesus (Cramer, 1777) (Lycaenidae: Theclinae) and American Mistletoe in Northern Virginia by Harry Pavulaan and Richard D. Ullrich
Abstract
Atlides halesus halesus (Great Purple Hairstreak) is documented from three sites in western Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The host American Mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum) is widespread in this area, forming dense infestations on trees which certainly supports a resident population of the butterfly as evidenced by several records over a 13-year span
Drosophila Cell Tracking
No full textThis 3D+t dataset shows an excerpt of a developing fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) embryo over 100 time steps during gastrulation. The movie has been recorded using a light sheet microscope. We provide dense manual annotations for cell lineages for all ~800 cells per frame.
Preview Image
The movie of this developing Drosophila melanogaster embryo has been recorded by the Hufnagel group, EMBL Heidelberg, Germany, with the light sheet microscope described in (Krzic et al., 2012).
The challenging task is to automatically segment and track all cells over all time steps to reconstruct full cell lineages.
To acquire manual cell tracking annotations, we first segmented this dataset using ilastik and refined the result with a seeded watershed. On average, this yielded ~800 cells per frame, which we then tracked manually over all 100 time steps using the Manual Tracking workflow in ilastik. We here provide the raw data, our segmentation and our manual annotations for benchmarking purposes.
This data may be used for research purposes only. When you use this dataset in any publication, please cite this article:
M. Schiegg*, P. Hanslovsky*, C. Haubold, U. Koethe, L. Hufnagel, F. A. Hamprecht. Graphical Model for Joint Segmentation and Tracking of Multiple Dividing Cells. Bioinformatics, Volume 31, Issue 6, March 2015, Pages 948–956. [* contributed equally]
@Article{schiegg_15_graphical,
Author = {Schiegg*, Martin, and Hanslovsky*, Philipp and Haubold, Carsten and Koethe, Ullrich and Hufnagel, Lars and Hamprecht, Fred A.},
Title = {Graphical Model for Joint Segmentation and Tracking of Multiple Dividing Cells},
Journal = {Bioinformatics},
Year = {2015},
doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btu764},
note = {[*~contributed equally]}
}
Technical details:
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster embryo, gastrulation stage
Fluorescent protein: H2Av-mCherry
Microscope: Multiview selective-plane illumination microscope (MuVi-SPIM) (Krzic et al. 2012)
Volume dimensions: 730 × 320 × 30 voxels
Voxel size: 0.52μm × 0.52μm × 0.52μm (3D isotropic)
Temporal resolution: 1 frame per 30 seconds
Number of frames: 100
Note: Making dense ground-truth in 3D+t is a very challenging task. We share here our manual annotations and would appreciate any contributions in order to further improve the gold standard for this challenging dataset. Please contact the authors if you want to contribute.
Content
We are providing the following contents. Our recommended file type is HDF5 (available for Matlab, Python, C++, etc. or with a GUI), but for convenience, we provide all images as multipage tiff sequences, too.
./raw_data/: Raw Data: uint16, 100 frames, 730 × 320 × 30 voxels
./segmentation/: Our binary segmentation files, uint8
./object_identities/: The label images contain for each voxel the assigned object identity (referred to as oid), uint32
./manual_annotations/manual_annotations.h5: Our manual cell tracking annotations are provided in this hdf5 file in the following format. Use e.g. hdfview to open this dataset.
Note that the lineage tree of one cell may consist of multiple tracks which are connected through divisions.
table: contains the following columns
object_id: a unique running identifier
timestep: the frame number
labelimage_oid: the object identifier, unique for each object in each frame, as in ./object_identities/.
track_id1: unique track identifier (started by appearance or cell division; terminated by disappearance or cell division)
Count: The number of voxels assigned to this cell (its size).
Coord_N: The lower left corner of the 3D bounding box around the object (N=1,2,3 for dimensions x,y,z)
RegionCenter_N: The center of the segmented cell. (N=1,2,3 for dimensions x,y,z)
Coord_N: The upper right corner of the 3D bounding box around the object (N=1,2,3 for dimensions x,y,z)
divisions: contains the following columns
timestep: the frame number
parent_oid: the object identifier of the parent cell in the given timestep
track_id: the track identifier of the parent cell in the given timestep
child1_oid: the object identifier of one daughter cell in the given timestep+1
child1_track1_id: the track identifier of this daughter cell in the given timestep+1
child2_oid: as above
child2_track1_id: as above
images/object_id/raw: the raw data in the 3D bounding box of this object
images/object_id/labeling: the segmentation mask in the 3D bounding box of this object (binary image)
./manual_annotations/convenience_files/: For convenience, we additionally export the cell tracking annotations provided in manual_annotations.h5to the following formats:
./CSV/: The table and divisions datasets from./manual_annotations/manual_annotations.h5 exported as csv tables. See above for descriptions.
./track_identities/: Sequences of 3D images in which each voxel contains its track identifier. For divisions, refer to the divisions tables described above.
./H5-Events-Sequence/: One hdf5 file per timestep. For further details on this format, we refer to the ilastik user documentation.
./drosophila_manualTracking-ilastik.ilp: ilastik project file for the manual tracking workflow. All files above have been generated from ilastik using this project file.
Acknowledgements
Lars Hufnagel and his group at EMBL Heidelberg, Germany, recorded the raw data. The manual cell tracking annotations were acquired by Martin Schiegg, Philipp Hanslovsky, and Christoph Klein (University of Heidelberg, IWR/HCI). The article in which this dataset is presented, as well as the proposed algorithms with the experimental evaluation is joint work of Martin Schiegg, Philipp Hanslovsky, Carsten Haubold, Ullrich Koethe, Lars Hufnagel, and Fred A. Hamprecht (corresponding author)
Creighton University School of Law 1904 - 2004 Class of 2004
No full textGraduates|Acosta-Trejo, William (Vice President); Allen, Linda F.; Andersen, Nicholas; Anderson, Dax D.; Astley, Adam; Barham, James T.; Barta, Paul; Bearnson, Robert; Bebout, Sarah; Beninato, Elizabeth A.; Bennett, Christina; Bennett-Jarvis, Elizabeth; Boyum, Bradley A.; Bradley, Karri; Brodersen, Rachael; Bruno, Jason; Buchanan, James M.; Cantrell, Michael; Carstensen, Sarah L.; Chapeau, Andrew T.; Chee, Patrick C. C.; Coats, Jeffrey A.; Comstock, Maura C.; Cosgrove, Meghann; Curtis, Raymond J., II; D'Angelo, John; Dempsey, Christopher; Dion, Josef M.; Dontigney, Shawn; Doran, Dana E.; Doria, Michael; Doucette, Lindsy C.; Duplechain, Bryan; Enenbach, Matthew M.; Engler, Kerry; Fitzpatrick, Joseph; Flanagan, Andrea M. (Secretary); Furst, Jessica; Garnett, Andrew S.; Golian, John S.; Goshorn, Katie; Gunter, Amy; Guthrie, Liliana E.; Hall, Anthony; Hall, Nicole M.; Head Melissa M.; Heslin, Jeremy; Heuer, Anne C.; Hibbeler, Wayne D.; Hohman, Brian (President); Horio, Glenn S.; Hottman, Megan M.; Johnson, Karisa D.; Johnson, Matthew T.; Johnson, Nancy S.; Johnson, Robert S.; Jones, Jacquelyn M.; Jorgensen, Kathleen M.; Joseph, Leah; Keiser, Alyson; Kelly, John Robert; Kidd, Jason A.; Kindall, Rex; Klein, Deborah; Koeppen, Aaron G.; Kohout, Joseph D.; Kosaki, Keith; Kruger, Karl A.; Kuhn, Katherine K.; Lambert, Ryan; Lanigar, Larissa N.; Lausten, Michelle C.; Lederer, Douglas R.; Leick, Lisa M.; Li, Robert; Liakos, Anthony; Liszewski, Theodore E.; Lucius, Nocole; Lutkus, Rochard D.; Lytle, Matthew W.; Magli, Kathryn; Mahaffey, Tim; Malicay, Marlo; Marasco, Amy M.; Mathias, Renee L.; Mc-Clung-Acosta, Rebecca; McDevitt, Michael; McGuire, Angela; McGuire, Thomas M.; Meisinger, Mark; Mendenhall, Mark A.; Merrell, Paulette; Messbarger, Merrill F.; Mez, Jay W.; Moreno, Mathew R.; Morrissey, Matthew (3L Representative); Morrissey, Thomas; Mouser, Andrea; Moylan, Sean; Mussetter, Matthew; Nastase, Angela; Novak, Candice; Nykamp, Ryan; O'Meara, Andrew M.; Olsen, Margaret A.; Olson, Rebecca; Paladino, Luke H.; Palmer, Glen M.; Payne, Kelly McGarry; Perez, Arturo; Pilakowski, Joseph; Pitts, Steven; Plight, Jonathan J.; Plucknett, Leticia; Poulsen, Paul R.; Poynter-Willis, Jennifer; Pracht, Maggie M.; Preston, Steven L.; Pugh, January Kaila; Quigley, Robert; Raynor, John; Reed, James; Render, Jesse; Rensch, Sean; Rohde, B. Nathan; Sadle, Hunter Brandon; Sagehorn, Eric M.; Sanders, Darnetta; Sanderson, Aimee; Savage, Jeremy; Sayles, Chelsea L.; Schellpeper, F. William, III; Schultz, Matt; Semple, William Matthew; Shomo, Gary; Sibbernsen, Andrew D.; Simpson, Andrew W.; Sloan, Michael; Smith, Patrick J.; Sonksen, Carl M.; Stoneman, Benjamin; Strawbridge, Patrick; Templeman, Joel B.; Thiss, Kim L.; Tiner, Jon; Ullrich, Jeffrey (3L Representative); Ulrich, Dana R.; Valdez, Josh; Walsh, Jocelyn; Wanning, Peter; Warner, Shane M.; Wells, Kellie N.; Wells, Tamara D.; Wendt, Jonathan P.; Wiehl, Kelli M.; Wilcox, Donna L.; Wilhelmy, Geoffrey; Wilson, Matthew J.; Wooden, Cynthia J.; Worthington, Thomas; Young, Sean P.; Bromm, Jaron (not pictured); Dugan, Michael (not pictured); Japp, Starlett (not pictured); Mullen, Michael (not pictured); Smal, Lioubov (not pictured); Witt, Jeffrey (not pictured)|40 1/2 x 30 in. (landscape
Inhibition of HIF-1 alpha by PX-478 enhances the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine by inducing immunogenic cell death in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
No full textThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Learned helplessness in chess players: The importance of task similarity and the role of skill
No full textThe effects of noncontingency between subjects' responses and outcomes were examined with respect to treatment/posttest similarity and skill in the task. The experimental design consisted of three groups. The first group had to solve chess problems with objective solutions and received veridical feedback; each member of the second group faced problems with no objective solutions, and received the same feedback as the member of the first group he was yoked with, but without any control on it; the control group received a waiting task. It was found that the group with unsolvable problems was more depressed than the two other groups at the end of the experiment. The mid-strength players were the most sensitive to the manipulation, and the weakest players showed little effect of learned helplessness. It was also found that the effects were proportional to the degree of similarity between the treatment and the posttest. The results limit the domain of applicability of the learned helplessness model
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