45 research outputs found
Mapping literacy practices: theory, methodology, methods
Get PDFThe Literacies for Learning in Further Education (LfLFE) research project has been funded for three years from January 2004 as part of Phase 3 of the Teaching and Learning Research Programme in the UK. The project involves collaboration between two universities and four further education (FE) colleges. The intention is to investigate students’ everyday literacy practices and explore ways of mobilizing these to enhance their learning on college courses. The LfLFE project does not view literacy as a set of individual skills and competences alone, but as emergent and situated in particular social contexts (Barton et al., 2000). As such, literacy practices are not static or bounded spatially or temporally. A central concern for the project is to understand how the literacy demands of college life and being a student relate to students’ other literacy practices. As part of the work of the project, the group is undertaking a ‘mapping’ of the literacy demands associated with student learning across a wide range of FE courses. This paper explores the methodological debates in planning and operationalizing this mapping.Additional co-author: the Literacies for Learning in Further Education (LfLFE) Research Group, Lancaster Universit
Molybdenum isotope systematics in cumulate rock of the 2.8 Windimurra layered intrusion: A test for igneous differentiation and the composition of the Archean mantle
No full textMolybdenum isotopes (reported as δ98Mo relative to NIST-3134) show resolvable isotope differences in igneous rocks with the continental crust being markedly heavier in isotope composition than mid-ocean ridge lavas, lunar basalts or the Earth's mantle. The tholeiitic differentiation series at the intra-plate Hekla volcano (Iceland) shows no resolvable Mo isotope differences from basaltic to rhyolitic compositions. In contrast, convergent margin lavas show a transition from isotopically lighter mantle to heavy continental crust, suggesting that subduction processes drive continental crust towards heavier values. Archean komatiitic lavas, presumed probes of the Archean mantle, have Mo isotope values identical to modern depleted mantle, raising the questions if and how the Mo isotope crust-mantle disparity developed so early in Earth's history. Here we present new Mo isotope data for a set of cumulate rocks from the Upper Zone of late Archean (2.8 Ga) Windimurra Igneous Complex, a mafic/ultramafic layered intrusion. The intrusion is not subduction related and contains no apparent primary hydrous minerals. We tested the effect of crystal fractionation on Mo isotopes in relatively dry melt along a tholeiitic liquid line of descent by using the cumulate effect of normally anhydrous minerals in the layered intrusion. Near mono-mineralic olivine-pyroxene-rich, feldspar-rich and Fe-Ti-rich oxides show small variations (~0.15‰) in Mo isotope signatures. This is consequently to predominantly isotopically light Fe-Ti-oxide-rich and isotopically heavier feldspar-rich rocks, respectively. This is suggesting minor Mo isotope fractionation, even in dry, tholeiitic systems, which however, counterbalance each other and thus potentially remain undetected. On average, the Windimurra mantle source is indistinguishable, or slightly isotopically lighter than the Mo isotope signature of komatiites. This is reinforcing an isotopically light Mo isotope signature of Archean mantle sources of high-degree mantle melts and is extending these signatures to predominantly mafic Archean crust. It remains to be tested if Archean felsic crust resembles modern continental crust in its heavy isotope values and to which extend the mantle was already isotopically depleted in Mo isotopes at Mesoarchean time
Chromite-garnet peridotite assemblages and their role in the evolution of the mantle lithosphere
Get PDFMabel Grujić i Delfa Ivanić. Dobročiniteljke srpskog naroda
No full textThe article reviles the role of the two dames which were active in humanitarian work, helping the Serbian nation during the Balkan Wars 1912-1913 and the First World War. Those were Delfa Ivanic, the Serbian, and Mabel Grujic. Most of their work was financial and material aid. Mrs. Grujic was active in propaganda efforts of the Serbian struggle, as well as collecting the money, cloth and other material which she gathered and send to Serbia. Mrs. Ivanic was active as nurse, and also in organizing the war-hospitals of the charity organization Kolo srpskih sestara. They both were engaged in establishing of the homes for the orphans, the Serbian children which lost their parents in war. The author stresses their activities as the noble example of the humanity and sacrifice, resulted in many saved lives during the course of the wars
OECD Agricultural Trade Reforms Impact on India's Prices and Producers Welfare
Get PDFRich countries use a combination of domestic market interventions and border protection or export subsidies as a part of their domestic policies. Developed countries such as the United States and the European Union (EU) resort to trade distorting policies to make their crop more competitive - both groups maintain high domestic prices for producers, stimulate production, and thus distort prices in the world market. The distorting effects of international trade can be distinguished between consumer surplus, producer surplus and tariff revenue approaches. The present paper emphasizes on the welfare of the producers with the main focus on small farmers. The analysis presented in the paper is an approximation of the general general equilibrium analysis. The four parts of this approximation are: first, the estimation of the world price effect of removal of OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) distortions; second, estimation of the effects of changes in world prices on domestic prices through a price transmission model; third, estimation of the impact on domestic production through a supply response model; and, four, the estimation of changes in supply and welfare on the poor small farmers. The simulation exercise shows that due to elimination of subsidies in OECD countries the world crop prices are expected to rise. The results confirm that the depressed world prices can be corrected by removal of OECD subsidies, but the challenge for India remains: How much can these price corrections benefit the farmers? India's domestic price response to this world price change is very small for rice and wheat and slightly better for cotton and sugar. On the production front, with reduction in subsidies and rising of the world price, the production in OECD countries would decline, but it is not very clear if this would have a discernable effect on India's production. In response to the rise in world price, this paper concludes that this change would have almost negligible impact on India's production for rice and wheat and a marginal increase in the production of cotton and sugar. The welfare impact on small farmers based on these changes is also estimated. The important fact to be observed in this study is that the developed countries' policies protecting their farming sector critically affect the lives of billions of people who depend on agriculture in developing countries.OECD Agriculture, Trade Policy, Subsidy Elimination, Producer Welfare
Representation and construction of self in writing discourses
Get PDFThe "discoursal self", according to Ivanic, is "the impression... they [the students] consciously or unconsciously convey... in a particular written text. ... [I]t is constructed through the discourse characteristics of a text, which relate to values, beliefs, and power relations in the social context in which they were written" (25). The "autobiographical self", Ivanic explains, "is the identity which people bring with them to any act of writing" (24). The goal for this paper is an overview investigating whether or not students are aware of a discoursal self-being constructed for them as a result of being students in another academic environment. The author begins by exploring the theoretical concepts of the socially constructed "self", language and how language is used by society to influence the individual. Further, he narrows the focus and reviews the field of literature by Rhetoric and Composition scholars who have explored the issues and impacts of teaching academic discourse to students. If we attempt to understand what the students think and how they perceive the writing, we may be able to better tailor our assignments, methods and approaches to better fit the needs of the students. The findings and results of my thesis may be of benefit to educators and other professionals across the world. The text will also provide a safe, anonymous, respectable outlet for students to voice their opinions and thoughts
Commodity price volatility and nutrition vulnerability:
Get PDF"In this paper we examine the impact of commodity price volatility on calorie attainment and its variability for households at the nutritional poverty line in Bangladesh. We focus on the first two moments of the distribution of calorie consumption and consider the differential impacts across socioeconomic groups within the country. The framework developed is then used to examine the direction and magnitude of the shift in those moments as a result of implementation of a special safeguard mechanism aimed at preventing import surges." from authors' abstractGlobalization, Markets, Price volatility, Nutritional vulnerability, Calorie intake, household consumption, Computable general equilibrium (CGE), Model validation,
Oecd Agricultural Trade Reforms Impact On India’s Prices And Producers Welfare
Get PDFRich countries use a combination of domestic market interventions and border protection or export subsidies as a part of their domestic policies. Developed countries such as the United States and the European Union (EU) resort to trade distorting policies to make their crop more competitive both groups maintain high domestic prices for producers, stimulate production, and thus distort prices in the world market. The distorting effects of international trade can be distinguished between consumer surplus, producer surplus and tariff revenue approaches. The present paper emphasizes on the welfare of the producers with the main focus on small farmers. The analysis presented in the paper is an approximation of the general equilibrium analysis. The four parts of this approximation are : first, the estimation of the world price effect of removal of OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) distortions; second, estimation of the effects of changes in world prices on domestic prices through a price transmission model; third, estimation of the impact on domestic production through a supply response model; and, four, the estimation of changes in supply and welfare on the poor small farmers. The simulation exercise shows that due to elimination of subsidies in OECD countries the world crop prices are expected to rise. The results confirm that the depressed world prices can be corrected by removal of OECD subsidies, but the challenge for India remains : How much can these price corrections benefit the farmers? Indias domestic price response to this world price change is very small for rice and wheat and slightly better for cotton and sugar. On the production front, with reduction in subsidies and rising of the world price, the production in OECD countries would decline, but it is not very clear if this would have a discernable effect on Indias production. In response to the rise in world price, this paper concludes that this change would have almost negligible impact on Indias production for rice and wheat and a marginal increase in the production of cotton and sugar. The welfare impact on small farmers based on these changes is also estimated. The important fact to be observed in this study is that the developed countries policies protecting their farming sector critically affect the lives of billions of people who depend on agriculture in developing countries.OECD Agriculture, trade policy, Subsidy Elimination, Producer Welfare
Platy pyroxene: New insights into spinifex texture
Get PDFNew evidence has emerged for a different type of platy spinifex texture that has not previously been documented in the existing literature, in this case from 2.8 Ga high-Mg basalts in the Murchison Domain of the Yilgarn Craton, where petrographic and geochemical evidence shows that the dominant platy mineral is pyroxene, rather than olivine. In our samples, two scales of plates are evident. Larger plates have lengths and widths that are approximately equal and range from ~1000 to 15 000 mm, with thicknesses typically ≲120 mm. These plates have ≲25 mm thick augite rims, and cores that are now a mixture of low-temperature hydrous alteration minerals. They occur in sets of similarly oriented crystals, and typically intersect other sets of crystals at oblique angles. A second population of smaller augite-only plates occur within the interstices of the larger plates; they have lengths and widths that range from 200 to 1500 mm, and thicknesses that are typically ≲50 mm. Pyroxene dendrites are also a typical component of this texture and represent a third scale of crystal growth, which probably crystallized shortly before the remaining liquid quenched to glass. All scales of pyroxene contained within this texture exhibit skeletal features and are considered to have crystallized rapidly. We discuss possible conditions that led to the crystallization of platy habits instead of the typical acicular ones. The exposed volcanic sequence in our study area is volcanologically similar to other Archean komatiites, such as those from the 2.7 Ga Abitibi greenstone belt, for example, and has probably experienced a similar cooling history; however, apart from having similar textures, we cannot demonstrate a komatiitic association. Liquid compositions, estimated from chilled flow margins, are distinctly lower in MgO (14.4-15.8wt %) and higher in SiO2 (50.9-52.1wt %) than those for most platy olivine spinifex-textured komatiites; from these compositions, we calculate dry liquidus temperatures of 1312-1342°C and mantle potential temperatures of 1440-1480°C. On the basis of these temperatures we question whether a mantle plume is a necessary element of their petrogenesis. 'Platy olivine spinifex' is an igneous texture that characterizes komatiites and its observation in outcrops or drill core (typically prior to, or in lieu of chemical analysis) leads geologists to classify a rock as a komatiite. Field descriptions may therefore drive assumptions and interpretations surrounding the prevailing tectonic or geodynamic setting at the time of emplacement. We emphasize the importance of careful discrimination between a variety of spinifex textures within a local volcanological framework and caution against the habit of making direct interpretations of rock type based on the existence of spinifex textures alone. © The Author 2017.British Geological Survey, Australian Research Council, University of Sydney, University of Western Australia, Western Universit
Active aging and prerequisites for silver entrepreneurship in Serbia
Get PDFThis article identifies links between the active aging process and the “silver economy” at the European Union level. It also defines economic and societal prerequisites for “silver entrepreneurship”, which Serbia, as a small, transition, factor-driven economy can exploit. Previous research has shown there are two ways in which older people can be involved in the silver economy: as producers (“silver entrepreneurs”), or as consumers. Demand for data about silver entrepreneurship has been driven by macroeconomists, notably those devoted to issues around fiscal instability, rather than by the urgent need to consider this phenomenon as one driven by growth and competitiveness.
Existing research has identified two forms of silver entrepreneurship: opportunity-based and necessity-based. Opportunity-based silver entrepreneurship is inherent in economies with high GDP per capita. Across the EU-28 nations, the average GDP per capita in purchasing power standard (PPS) in 2017 was recorded as 29,299 EUR. This figure was used as a proxy measurement of living standards. However, in the smaller transition economies of Southeast Europe, this figure is a lot lower. In 2017, the average GDP per capita in PPS in Serbia was 4,800 EUR.
In order to identify the economic factors necessary for silver entrepreneurship at both the company and individual levels in Serbia, we derived data from a range of sources. These included the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, the Labour Force Survey, 2017, the Pension and Disability Insurance Fund, and the Ministry of Trade, Tourism and Telecommunications.
Data relating to the Uncertainty Avoidance Index for Serbia (UAI) were derived from research organized by the Regional Cooperation Council and GfK. The author then calculated the UAI for Serbia. The collected data showed how the UAI for Serbia has changed over time, declining from a value of 92 in 1993 to 60 in 2016. Statistics about pensions in Serbia show that only military retirees, who have an average monthly pension of 46,494 RSD, can cover the minimum consumer basket costs of 36,090 RSD.U ovom radu se sagledavaju ekonomski i kulturološki preduslovi za razvoj takozvanog srebrnog preduzetništva u EU-28, s posebnim fokusom na Srbiju. Cilj rada je da ukaže na forme srebrnog preduzetništva koje je moguće razvijati u Srbiji. Analiza na osnovu podataka Globalnog izveštaja o preduzetništvu starijih 2016, pokazala je da se u zemljama visoke kupovne moći (EU-28) javlja „preduzetništvo na bazi prilika“, dok se u manje razvijenim, zemljama u tranziciji javlja „preduzetništvo iz nužde“.
Ekonomski preduslovi, kao i preduzetničke intencije u Srbiji analizirani su na bazi primarnih i sekundarnih podataka. Preduzetničke intencije populacije u Srbiji, pa tako i populacije starijih analizirane su korišćenjem proxi varijable indeksa izbegavanja neizvesnosti. Vrednost tog indeksa izračunata je na bazi uzorka od 221 preduzeća u Srbiji, prema formuli koju je Hofstede koristio u svom izvornom istraživanju. Istraživačka forma koju smo koristili je upitnik. Korišćena je petostepena Likertova skala merenja stavova koja operacionalizuje dimenziju socijetalne kulture: izbegavanje neizvesnosti. Vrednosti indeksa izbegavanja neizvesnosti tokom vremena opadaju (od 88 u 1993. do 60 u 2016. godini), što sugeriše rast preduzetničkih intencija populacije.
Posmatrajući ekonomske preduslove za srebrno preduzetništvo, vidi se da prosečna visina penzija u Srbiji nije dovoljna da pokrije troškove minimalne potrošačke korpe. Izuzetak su penzije vojnih penzionera koje pokrivaju visinu troškova minimalne potrošačke korpe, te oni mogu da predstavljaju grupu potencijalnih „srebrnih preduzetnika“. Struktura srebrnih preduzetnika po sektorima ukazuje na dominantnost sektora usluga (73%), veliku prisutnost muškaraca (82%) i monocentričan razvoj (34%), odnosno fokusiranost na Beogradski region
