180 research outputs found
Bringing financial literacy and education to low and middle income countries : the need to review, adjust, and extend current wisdom
No full textThis paper presents a World Bank led and Russia trust fund financed work program to measure financial capability and the effectiveness of financial education in low and middle income countries. The two activities and their staging have been motivated by the lessons of high income countries with financial literacy programs and the deviating characteristics of low and middle income countries. While progress has been made in high-income countries to measure financial capability, there is little robust empirical evidence thatfinancial education can improve it. While applying the financial capability concept in low and middle-income countries looks promising it will need to be adjusted to their characteristic and supported by innovative interventions and rigorous impact evaluation to improve it.Financial Literacy,Access to Finance,Access&Equity in Basic Education,Education For All,Poverty Impact Evaluation
Portability of pension, health, and other social benefits : facts, concepts, issues
No full textPortability of social benefits across professions and countries is an increasing concern for individuals and policy makers. Lacking or incomplete transfers of acquired social rights are feared to negatively impact individual labor market decisions as well as capacity to address social risks with consequences for economic and social outcomes. The paper gives a fresh and provocative look on the international perspective of the topic that has so far been dominated by social policy lawyers working within the framework of bilateral agreements; the input by economists has been very limited. It offers an analytical framework for portability analysis that suggests separating the risk pooling, (implicit or actual) pre-funding and redistributive elements in the benefit designand explores the proposed alternative approach for pensions and health care benefits. This promising approach may serve both as a substitute and complement to bi- and multilateral agreements.Gender and Law,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Population Policies,Pensions&Retirement Systems,Debt Markets
Portability of Pension, Health, and Other Social Benefits: Facts, Concepts, Issues
No full textPortability of social benefits across professions and countries is an increasing concern for individuals and policy makers. Lacking or incomplete transfers of acquired social rights are feared to negatively impact individual labor market decisions as well as capacity to address social risks with consequences for economic and social outcomes. The paper gives a fresh and provocative look on the international perspective of the topic that has so far been dominated by social policy lawyers working within the framework of bilateral agreements; the input by economists has been very limited. It offers an analytical framework for portability analysis that suggests separating the risk pooling, (implicit or actual) pre-funding and redistributive elements in the benefit design and explores the proposed alternative approach for pensions and health care benefits. This promising approach may serve both as a substitute and complement to bi- and multilateral agreements.portability, acquired rights, migration, bilateral agreements, risk pooling
Reforming Pensions in Europe: Economic Fundamentals and Political Factors
No full textThis paper analyzes pension reforms in Europe and their determinants. The author introduces an alternative measure of pension reforms by comparing long-term forecasts of pension expenditures for seventeen European countries. The larger the decrease in expected spending on public pensions in 2050 between two base years, the more successful an pension reform the country achieved (after controlling for other factors, such as demography). The author´s analysis shows that the reform effort varies widely across countries and over time. In the second part of the paper, the author analyzes factors that may facilitate or hamper pension. Only the measure of trade union power proves to be significant in explaining pension reforms. However, specific pension system factors are significant and suggest that European governments do reform their pension systems when faced with the threat of escalating pension expenditures.pension system, European Union, pension reform, fiscal institutions
Guide for task teams on procurement procedures used in social funds
No full textSince the creation of the first Social fund 14 years ago in Bolivia, these funds have been developed in more than 40 countries around the world. Over time they have diversified as well to serve as a very useful instrument for human development. The recommendations in this study are based on an analysis of a sample of procurement audits/ex-post reviews of social funds worldwide. The study provides recommendations for improving the procurement process based on these analyses. In addition, the document provides a description of World Bank instruments in the procurement area. These descriptions can serve as a guide to Task Team Leaders throughout the procurement process. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are given to help improve the administration of procurement for Social funds.Community Development and Empowerment,Business in Development,Business Environment,Pharmaceuticals&Pharmacoeconomics,Decentralization
Een vertaalprogramma voor het omzetten van PANDORA protocol-specificaties naar transitietabellen: Taakverslag
No full textIn dit verslag is beschreven hoe de specificaties die beschreven zijn in de protocol-metataal van het PANDORA systeem vertaald worden naar transitietabellen Na een bespreking van de specificaties en de hulpmiddelen Yacc en Lex volgt een analyse van het gestelde probleem. Vervolgens wordt het gerealiseerde vertaalprogramma besproken.Applied SciencesElectrotechniekAutomatische Verkeerssysteme
Caesarini Fürstenerii Tractatus de jure suprematus ac legationis principum Germaniae.
No full textSignatures: *⁸ *⁴ A-Y⁸ Z⁴(-Z4).Author from Holzmann & Bohatta. True place of publication from Weller. Not in VD17, which gives two issues of 1st ed. (1677), both without place or printer.Weller, E.O. Falsche Druckorte,Holzmann & Bohatta. Deutsches AnonymenlexikonMode of access: Internet.On front free endpaper verso is signature of O. Preuss, Detmold, 1862. Reader's notes in another hand on facing leaf.Binding: sprinkled paper, back & corners in goatskin. Author & title on spine in gilt. Edges sprinkled red. Ribbon placemarker
Formele beschrijving van de functionele werking van een electronisch berichtdistributiesysteem
No full textEr is onderzoek verricht aan het functionele model van een electronisch berichtdistributiesysteem. Als uitgangspunt is genomen de CCITT "Draft Recommendation on Message Handling Systems". Van dit berichtdistributiesysteem is een formele beschrijving opgesteld waarbij gebruikgemaakt is van de Specification and Description Language (SDL). (...) Om tot een formele beschrijving van het berichtdistributiesysteem te komen is onderzoek verricht naar de wijze waarop berichten worden aangeboden, worden verwerkt en worden afgeleverd. Tevens is onderzoek verricht naar de samenwerking tussen het berichtdistributiesysteem en de sessie laag van het gelaagde model (ISO, CCITT). On een overzichtelijke formele beschrijving te verkrijgen is de MTAE verdeeld in twee blokken. Deze blokken zijn onderverdeeld in proces-groepen. Deze proces-groepen vormen een verzameling van processen. De processen vormen de bouwstenen van het berichtdistributiesysteem. Bij het onderzoek zijn de volgende punten naar voren gekomen: 1. Het functionele model van het berichtsysteem moet op een aantal punten uitgebreid werden. Dit om enerzijds een extra service verlening aan de abonnee's te bieden en anderzijds om een beter gebruik te kunnen maken van door de sessie laag geboden faciliteiten. 2. SDL is minder geschikt voor een formele beschrijving van de hogere lagen van het gelaagde model (ISO, CCITT).Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceLaboratorium voor Automatische Verkeerssysteme
Verificatie van telefoonsignalering met behulp van PANDORA
No full textTelefooncentrales wisselen gegevens uit over het opbouwen en verbreken van telefoonverbindingen. Een signaleringssysteem is nodig om deze gegevensuitwisseling te besturen. Wat in de telefonie een signaleringssysteem genoemd wordt, heet in de data-communicatie een protocol. De laatste jaren geven een grote ontwikkeling te zien op het gebied van verificatie van data-protocollen. PANDORA is een systeem voor synthese en analyse van protocollen, ontwikkeld op de vakgroep Automatische Verkeerssystemen Met dit zeer moderne hulpmiddel werd de interworking van een tweetal signaleringssystemen aan een nader onderzoek onderworpen.Applied SciencesElectrotechniekAutomatische Verkeerssysteme
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