6,338 research outputs found
Uncertainty avoidance and the rate of business ownership across 21 OECD countries, 1976–2004
Full text linkPersistent differences in the level of business ownership across countries have attracted the attention of scientific as well as political debate. Cultural as well as economic influences are assumed to play a role. This paper deals with the influence of cultural attitudes towards uncertainty on the rate of business ownership across 21 OECD countries. First, the concepts of uncertainty and risk are elaborated, as well as their relevance for entrepreneurship. An occupational choice model is introduced to underpin our reasoning at the macro-level. Second, regression analysis using pooled macro data for 1976, 1990 and 2004 and controlling for several economic variables, yields evidence that uncertainty avoidance is positively correlated with the prevalence of business ownership. According to our model, a restrictive climate of large organizations in high uncertainty avoidance countries pushes individuals striving for autonomy towards self-employment. Regressions for these 3 years separately show that in 2004, this positive correlation is no longer found, indicating that a compensating pull of entrepreneurship in countries with low uncertainty avoidance may have gained momentum in recent years. Third, an interaction term between uncertainty avoidance and GDP per capita in the pooled panel regressions shows that the historical negative relationship between GDP per capita and the level of business ownership is substantially weaker for countries with lower uncertainty avoidance. This suggests that rising opportunity costs of self-employment play a less important role in this cultural environment, or are being compensated by increasing entrepreneurial opportunities
Uncertainty avoidance and the rate of business ownership across 21 OECD countries, 1976-2004
Full text linkPersistent differences in the level of business ownership across countries have attracted the attention of scientific as well as political debate. Cultural as well as economic influences are assumed to play a role. This paper deals with the influence of cultural attitudes towards uncertainty on the level of business ownership across 21 OECD countries. First, the concepts of uncertainty and risk are elaborated, as well as their relevance for entrepreneurship. An occupational choice model is introduced to underpin our reasoning at the macro-level. Second, regression analysis using pooled macro data for 1976, 1990 and 2004 and controlling for several economic variables, yields evidence that uncertainty avoidance is positively correlated with the prevalence of business ownership. According to our model, a restrictive climate of large organizations in high uncertainty avoidance countries pushes individuals striving for autonomy towards self-employment.�Regressions for these three years separately show that in 2004 this positive correlation is no longer found, indicating that a compensating pull of entrepreneurship in countries with low uncertainty avoidance may have gained momentum in recent years. Third, an interaction term between uncertainty avoidance and GDP per capita in the pooled panel regressions shows that the historical negative relationship between GDP per capita and the level of business ownership is substantially weaker for countries with lower uncertainty avoidance. This suggests that rising opportunity costs of self-employment play a less important role in this cultural environment, or are being compensated by increasing entrepreneurial opportunities.
Visions of the Past: David was Always There
No full textLongtime close friend and colleague Roy Thurik uses this chapter to detail his relationship with David, both in and out of Academia. He tells of David being there for him during difficult times and providing invaluable advice when he needed it most. He also tells of his admiration for the man and scholar, the friend and confidante. Thurik's writing gives the reader a glimpse behind the curtain, so that one can see how highly esteemed David is as a pioneer in small business economics.</p
Zoltan J. Acs, Bo Carlsson, Roy Thurik, Small Business in the Modern Economy, 1996
No full textMarco Luc. Zoltan J. Acs, Bo Carlsson, Roy Thurik, Small Business in the Modern Economy, 1996. In: Sciences de la société, n°45, 1998. Le rural en mouvement. pp. 222-223
Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth and Policy in Emerging Economies
Full text linkEntrepreneurship has emerged as an important element in the organization of economies. This emergence did not occur simultaneously in all developed countries. Differences in growth rates are often attributed to differences in the speed with which countries embrace entrepreneurial energy. This led to the political mandate to promote entrepreneurship. Hence, a clear and organized view is needed of what the determinants and consequences of entrepreneurship are. The present contribution tries to provide this view with a particular view on emerging economies. Entrepreneurship, its drivers and its consequences can be best understood using the model of the entrepreneurial economy which explains the functioning of the modern economy. This model differs from that of the earlier managed economy. Policies in emerging economies should aim at combining the two models.entrepreneurship, small firms, economic growth, economic development, policy
Are small firms really sub-optimal?: compensating factor differentials in small Dutch manufacturing firms
Full text linkOnderzoek naar de vraag waarom er zoveel kleine bedrijven kunnen bestaan, ondanks de heersende opvatting dat dit bedrijven zijn die op sub-optimale schaal presteren. Kleine bedrijven blijken productiefactoren verschillend te belonen en toe te passen ten opzichte van grote bedrijven, en langs deze weg bedrijfsgroottenadelen te compenseren. Uit een steekproef onder 7.000 Nederlandse industriële bedrijven blijkt dat deze strategie van compenserende factordifferentialen toegepast wordt in Europa. Enerzijds lijkt deze strategie te leiden tot een nettoverlies voor de economie. Anderzijds suggereren de positieve relaties tussen bedrijfsleeftijd en werknemerscompensatie, en bedrijfsleeftijd en productiviteit dat er minstens een tendens is dat het inefficiënte bedrijf van vandaag het efficiënte bedrijf van de toekomst kan worden.
Entrepreneurship in the old en new Europe
Full text linkDeveloping a dynamic SME sector is essential for countries transforming their centrally planned economy into a market oriented one. New firm formation is the major driver of this transition. Obviously, entrepreneurial energy is a necessary condition for new firm formation. This paper uses 2004 survey data from the 25 EU member states and the US to explain country differences in entrepreneurial energy. This energy is captured as latent and actual entrepreneurship.
Uncertainty Avoidance and the Rate of Business Ownership Across 21 OECD Countries, 1976-2004
Full text linkPersistent differences in the level of business ownership across countries have attracted the attention of scientific as well as political debate. Cultural as well as economic influences are assumed to play a role. This paper deals with the influence of cultural attitudes towards uncertainty on the rate of business ownership across 21 OECD countries. First, the concepts of uncertainty and risk are elaborated, as well as their relevance for entrepreneurship. An occupational choice model is introduced to underpin our reasoning at the macro-level. Second, regression analysis using pooled macro data for 1976, 1990 and 2004 and controlling for several economic variables, yields evidence that uncertainty avoidance is positively correlated with the prevalence of business ownership. According to our model, a restrictive climate of large organizations in high uncertainty avoidance countries pushes individuals striving for autonomy towards self-employment. Regressions for these three years separately show that in 2004, this positive correlation is no longer found, indicating that a compensating pull of entrepreneurship in countries with low uncertainty avoidance may have gained momentum in recent years. Third, an interaction term between uncertainty avoidance and GDP per capita in the pooled panel regressions shows that the historical negative relationship between GDP per capita and the level of business ownership is substantially weaker for countries with lower uncertainty avoidance. This suggests that rising opportunity costs of self-employment play a less important role in this cultural environment, or are being compensated by increasing entrepreneurial opportunities.Entrepreneurship;Business Ownership;Comparative Analysis of Economies;Cross Country Study;Cultural Economics;Uncertainty Avoidance
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