21 research outputs found
Studies in disaggregated macro modelling with special reference to the U.K.'s external trade
No full textThis thesis consists of seven papers, which, although unrelated, have a common theme, in that the empirical applications utilize more information than is normally used in most macro economic modelling. The richest source of more information is when data is available not only at an aggregate level for an economy as a whole but also at the level of individual industries. There is then a more specific problem how to utilize this mass of information to improve our understanding of how an economy works. Three of the papers deal with a narrow aspect of this, whether to estimate the parameters of interest from aggregate or disaggregate (industry) data, while another paper attempts to identify the reasons behind differences in industry behaviour. Of the remaining, the common theme occurs in the estimation of import equations when data on both imports and domestic output are used, in a model of bilateral trade flows, and in a model of earnings where there are several measure os the regressand. All but one of the empirical models are restricted multivariate regression models, the exception being a paper in which the components of the covariance structure are estimated by maximum likelihood methods.</p
By Chance or Choice: The Regulation of the Apprenticeship System in Australia, 1900-1930
No full textThis paper traces the process whereby the apprenticeship system came to be regulated by industrial tribunals during the period 1900 to 1930. It describes how the regulation emerged, the motives that underpinned it, and the wider political debate about the apprenticeship system at the time. It then goes on to assess the effect of this regulation. This assessment is informed by an underlying theoretical perspective and draws on the contemporary debate and the outcomes that can be observed. While the question of primary interest is the efficiency of the regulatory regime that emerged, broader considerations are invoked. What was set in place in the early part of the 20th century has continued to shape the how the apprenticeship system has developed since then. For that reason, the future development of the apprenticeship system may be a more relevant indicator of outcomes than the contemporary facts.apprenticeship, trade unions, arbitration, Australia
Earnings, Schooling and Vocational Education and Training
No full textYoung persons who do not go on to university face two main educational choices; whether to complete Year 12 and/or whether to undertake a vocational (VET) qualification. These two choices are independent. Both early leavers and completers may subsequently obtain a VET qualification. However, the parametric models that are commonly used to analyse the causal effect of education presume that educational attainments form an ordered sequence. This has the effect of restricting the effects of educational attainments on earnings. This paper departs from this restrictive approach. It estimates the effect of Year 12 completion and VET qualifications on early career earnings using both a single and multiple treatment-effect approach. By using matching methods to estimate these effects, it also allows for the effects of educational qualifications differ between persons. It is found that neither completion of Year 12 nor a VET qualification has an effect on early career earnings over and above the forgone experience
An analysis of the impact of skilled migration on the current and future economic well-being of W.A.
No full textThe presence of skill shortages has been the dominant rationale for the recruitment of trained foreign workers. Most Australian states have thus embraced the opportunities that the expansion and devolution of Australia's immigration program in recent times has given them. This paper examines the issue more closely by providing a conceptual overview of the economic case for the continuing need for skilled workers from abroad and discusses various related factors and considerations of relevance. Reference is also made to the current immigration policy and recent trends in skilled and business migration. This provides the context for a review of the contemporary economic impact that skilled migration has had in W.A and its likely future effects on the state. The anticipated future needs as indicated by the demand for skilled workers, the extent to which this demand is met by the resident workforce and the migration planning levels is also analysed
The influence of Australian immigration policy on labour market in Australia
No full textIstnieje kilka stereotypów na temat wpływu imigracji na rynek pracy. Najpopularniejszym jest ten wskazujący, że imigranci, zwiększając liczbę pracowników, powodują wzrost bez-robocia w szczególności przez zabieranie pracy rdzennym pracownikom. To założenie nie uwzględnia jednak bardzo ważnego czynnika, który tworzą imigranci — popytu. Pozyska-nie siły roboczej było i jest jednym z głównych celów australijskiej polityki imigracyjnej, która jest ukierunkowana na imigrantów mających kwalifikacje poszukiwane w danym okresie na australijskim rynku pracy. Dzięki tego rodzaju doborowi pożądanych imigran-tów uważa się, że Australia prowadzi jedną z najbardziej efektywnych polityk migracyjnych pod względem gospodarczym, skorelowaną z potrzebami rynku pracy. W artykule zostaną zaprezentowane najnowsze wyniki badań na temat australijskiego rynku pracy, które zostały przeprowadzone przez autora oraz przez australijskich badaczy migracji, takich jak: Melissa Bond, Noel Gatson, Neville Norman, Thorsten Stromback, Peter J. Lloyd, Lynne S. Williams, Bruce Chapman i Deborah Cobb-Clark.There are many stereotypes about immigration influence on labour market. Many countries, because of the fear of negative effects of newcomers arrival, decided to introduce legal obstacles which were to limit their inflow. There are social groups which welcome new immigrants enthusiastically. Undoubtedly, these are employers who think that immigration will affect the fall of production costs and the cut of wages. However, a lot of governments are trying to limit immigration. All the relations are best seen on the example of one of the ‘largest’ immigration economies of the world, that is, Australian economy. Very low unemployment and inflation rates, high Gross Domestic Product combined with big hospitality of Australians, breathtaking views and a lot of free areas make Australia one of the most popular destination countries among immigrants. Australian immigration policy reduces negative results of economic crises and helps in reaching higher level of economic development than countries which are not destination countries of immigrants, thanks to correlation with labour market needs. The author will present analyses concerning australian labour market extended with the latest scientific findings conducted by author and Australian migration researchers: Melissa Bond, Noel Gatson, Neville Norman, Thorsten Stromback, Peter J. Lloyd, Lynne S. Williams, Bruce Chapman and Deborah Cobb-Clark
