2,128 research outputs found
Do people with intellectual disabilities experience bias at the hands of the professional trained to support them?
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Also By The Same Author: AKTiveAuthor, a Citation Graph Approach to Name Disambiguation
No full textThe desire for definitive data and the semantic web drive for inference over heterogeneous data sources requires co-reference resolution to be performed on those data. In particular, name disambiguation is required to allow accurate publication lists, citation counts and impact measures to be determined. This paper describes a graph-based approach to author disambiguation on large-scale citation networks. Using self-citation, co-authorship and document source analyses, AKTiveAuthor clusters papers, achieving precision of 0.997 and recall of 0.818 over a test group of eight surname clusters
Semiometrics: producing a compositional view of influence
No full textHigh-impact academic papers are not necessarily the most cited. For example, Einstein's 'Special Relativity' paper from 1905 received (and continues to receive) fewer citations from other papers than his 'Brownian Motion" paper of the same year, despite the former radically changing the course of an entire scientific discipline to a much greater extent. Similarly, 'impact' metrics using citation count alone are, it is argued, not adequate for determining the scientific influence of papers, authors or small groups of authors. Although valid, they remain controversial when used to determine influence of larger groups or journals. While the term 'impact' has become closely linked to a journal's citation-based Journal Impact Factor score, this thesis uses the term 'influence' to describe the wider effectiveness of research, combining citation and metadata analysis to allow richer calculations to be performed over large-scale document networks. As a result, more qualitative influence ratings can be determined and a broader outlook on scientific disciplines can be produced. These ratings are best applied using an ontology-based data source, allowing more efficient inference than under a traditional RDBMS system, and allowing easier integration between heterogeneous data sources. These metrics, termed 'Semantic Bibliometrics' or 'Semiometrics', can be applied at a variety of levels of granularity, allowing a compositional framework for impact and influence analysis. This thesis describes the process of data preparation, systems architecture, metric value and data integration for such a system, introducing novel approaches at all four stages, thereby creating a working semiometrics system for determining influence at different semantic levels of granularity
Semiometrics: Applying Ontologies across Large-Scale Digital Libraries
No full textAs large-scale digital libraries become more available and complete, not to mention more numerous, it is clear there is a need for services that can draw together and perform inference calculations on the metadata produced. However, the traditional Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) model, while efficiently constructed and optimised for many business structures, does not necessarily cope well with issues of concurrent data updates and retrieval at the scale of hundreds of thousands of papers. At the same time the growth of RDF and the increasing interest in Semantic Web technologies perhaps begins to present a viable alternative at a scalable, practical level. This paper considers a specific application of large-scale metadata analysis and conducts scalability tests using real-world data. It concludes that RDF technologies are both a scalable and performance-realistic alternative to traditional RDBMS approaches. It also shows that for relationship-based queries on large-scale metadata stores, RDF technologies can significantly out-perform traditional RDBMS approaches by allowing both retrieval and updating of data in a timely manner
treebase compendium: publication, R package, version history
No full text<p>treebase<br>========</p>
<p>_An R package for discovery, access and manipulation of online phylogenies_</p>
<p>- [Publication in Methods in Ecology and Evolution](http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00247.x)<br>- [Development version source code on github](https://github.com/ropensci/treeBASE)<br>- [HTML package documentation](http://ropensci.github.com/treeBASE/)<br>- [Report issues, bugs or feature requests](https://github.com/ropensci/treebase/issues)</p>
<p>Installation<br>------------</p>
<p>'treebase' is available from CRAN. You can install the latest version from the development website on github using the 'devtools' package from within R. Make sure you have the latest version for the best experience.</p>
<p>'''r<br>library(devtools)<br>install_github("treebase", "ropensci")<br>'''</p>
<p>Getting Started<br>---------------</p>
<p>Use of the 'treebase' package should be relatively straight forward:</p>
<p>'''r<br>library(treebase)<br>Phylogenies_from_Huelsenbeck <- search_treebase("Huelsenbeck", "author")<br>'''</p>
<p>More interesting examples will take advantage of 'R' to loop over large amounts of treebase data that would be to tiresome to search for, download and analyze by hand. Welcome to the era of big data phylogenetics.</p>
<p>- Browse the examples in the [documentation](http://ropensci.github.com/treeBASE/)<br>- We are preparing a short manuscript to introduce the motivation, functions, and use-cases for the 'treebase' package. Meanwhile, a [preprint is available](https://github.com/ropensci/treeBASE/blob/master/inst/doc/treebase/treebase_github.md) as a dynamic document, where all of the examples shown are produced by the code shown using 'knitr'. [See source code](https://github.com/ropensci/treeBASE/blob/master/inst/doc/treebase/treebase.Rmd).</p>
<p>- treebase is part of the [rOpenSci Project](http://ropensci.github.com)</p>
<p>References<br>----------</p>
<p>* Carl Boettiger, Duncan Temple Lang (2012). Treebase: An R package for discovery, access and manipulation of online phylogenies, Methods in Ecology and Evolution. doi:10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00247.x</p>
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An industry in crisis : risk, reflexivity, sub-politics and accountability processes in salmon farming
No full textThis paper draws upon an arena study on the accounting and accountability processes used within a business sector, under intense public and regulatory scrutiny in terms of its social, economic and ecological risks. Georgakopoulos and Thomson (2004, 2005) report on an absence of environmental accounting within the salmon farming organizations for management planning and control processes. This paper extends this analysis by attempting to theorise the social and environmental accounting observed by these organizations discharging these accountability duties using insights from the risk society literature. The interviews and documentary analysis revealed the existence of an active accountability network. However, Social and Environmental Accounting techniques did not feature in the engagement processes. We observed the existence of fragmented accountability networks, and evidence of a struggle for domination of a techno-scientific accountability process. Within these discourses, business and cost issues were evident, but they were not formally quantified or systematically integrated. We find that the accountability processes observed in our arena study, were consistent with Beck's (and others) analysis of reflexive modernity and the Risk Society Thesis This paper by evaluating accounting and accountability processes within a specific context, demonstrates the importance of locating social and environmental accounting processes within wider accountability discourses. These societal accountability discourses extend beyond social and environmental as well as conventional accounting practices. It is suggested that all accounting practices should become more reflexive in nature if they are to remain relevant in these wider societal accountability discourses
Low resting metabolic rate is associated with greater lifespan because of a confounding effect of body fatness
No full textAcknowledgments: This work was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) grant BB/C516228/1 to J.R.S. We thank Jackie Duncan and Sarah Johnston for helping with DNA protocol assays and Lobke Vaanholt for helping with antioxidant enzyme protocols. We are grateful to the staff of the animal house for the care of our animals and to Paula Redman and Peter Thomson who provided technical support for the DLW assays. Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.Peer reviewe
Floating, Official Dollarization, and Macroeconomic Volatility:An Analysis for the Chilean Economy
No full textThis paper contrasts the volatility of the main macroeconomic variables of a small open economy in two environments: an official dollarization (OD) scheme and a flexible exchange regime (FER). A simple DSGE model calibrated for the Chilean economy is used as a laboratory to study the implications of these regimes on the standard deviations of key variables. Welfare implications are also analyzed for a central bank that it is concerned with output and inflation volatility. Our findings show that OD results in: higher real volatility due to the absence of ountercyclical monetary policy; lower inflation volatility because of a less volatile foreign interest rate; and, from a welfare perspective, OD is dominated by a FER when the central bank weighs considerably the deviations of inflation and output from the steady state. Also, OD implies higher fiscal deficit volatility as a consequence of higher tax revenue volatility, and a higher reaction to terms-of-trade shocks.
Review Of Owls Of The World: Their Lives, Behavior, And Survival By J. R. Duncan
No full textOwls must be among the most interesting birds. Why else would so many owl books have been published recently? In addition to several technical publications, these include König et al.\u27s Owls (1999) and Johnsgard \u27s North American Owls (2nd ed., CH, Mar\u2703). All are excellent, but they are pitched at different audiences. König\u27s book, the most complete, is also highly technical. Johnsgard\u27s is a college level textbook or reference for secondary schools. Duncan\u27s book will appeal to a broad audience. Like most Firefly books it is filled with spectacular photographs, including many of the author and his family with owls. Duncan includes a brief review of anatomy and physiology, and extensive information on behavior and ecology, with a chapter on techniques for the study of owls in the field. Very brief species accounts of the world\u27s owls follow a major section on the importance of owls in human cultures and the conservation of owls. The book includes a useful index and selected bibliography. The generally informal approach and the many personal references make this book unusually attractive to high school and college students not already committed to the study of owls. Summing Up: Recommended. General readers; undergraduate and graduate students; two-year technical program students
Annotations of Scottish songs by Burns: an essential supplement to Cromek and Dick.
No full textAuthor's autographed presentation copy to Duncan McNaught."Fifty copies; reprinted for the author from the 'Annual Burns chronicle', 1922."Mode of access: Internet
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