1,720,952 research outputs found
Validity of Mixed 2D and 3D Cadastral Parcels in the Land Administration Domain Model
No full textIn the move towards a 3D Cadastre, many jurisdictions are considering a hybrid 2D/3D database as either a stage of development or as a target in itself (van Oosterom, Stoter, Ploeger, Thompson and Karki 2011). The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), which is the underlying model for the ISO 19152 standard assists in this approach by defining a data structure which allows a relatively seamless mixing of 2D and 3D “spatial units” (Lemmen, Van Oosterom, Thompson, Hespanha and Uitermark 2010). This standard is in its final stages of approval (Lemmen, Uitermark and van Oosterom 2012). For the purpose of this paper, there is no important distinction to be made between “parcels” “lots” or “spatial units”, since it is only the spatial aspects (topology and geometry) that are being considered, so the term “parcel” will be used to mean the extent of land or space being considered.OTB ResearchOTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
Progressive development of a digital cadastral data base
No full textA Digital Cadastral Data Base (DCDB) is a big investment for a jurisdiction tasked with the administration of land boundaries. In the past, the development of such a database produced no real pay-back on investment until many years, and millions of dollars had been committed. The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) (ISO-TC211 2012) provides a model of a schema in which a progressive creation and improvement of a DCDB is possible, to allow benefits to be obtained even in the early stages of this effort. It also includes the necessary structure to ensure that a useful historical record of the cadastre can be kept. This paper explores issues to be faced in the development of software based on the LADM, which retains the history of the cadastre, and allows for progressive improvement of the data. The examples of the Netherlands Kadaster and the Queensland (Australia) Department of Natural Resources and Mines are used to evaluate the applicability of the approach.OTB ResearchOTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
Analysing 3D Land Administration developments and plans from 2010 to 2026
No full textAdministration questionnaires. The last FIG questionnaire 2022-2026 was just analysed and the FIG working week 2023 (Kalogianni et al. 2023, and in that paper the creation or update, organization and initial analysis of the results from the 4th FIG 3D Land Administration Questionnaire, as an activity of the FIG Working Group 3D Land Administration 2022-2026 was presented. By sharing this information among the countries/ jurisdictions, a comprehensive inventory will be created. It is expected that cooperation will improve, by learning from the different countries and jurisdictions, to support future developments in the field of 3D land administration. It is noted that, as LADM is finding increasing recognition (Kalogianni et al., 2021), it has been further incorporated into the various sections of the questionnaire. The completed questionnaires, per country are fully available via the participants’ page of the 3D Land Administration Working Group website. The responses have been analyzed and reported in various publications (van Oosterom et al. 2011, van Oosterom et al. 2014 and Shnaidman et al., 2019), while the initial analysis of the 4th Questionnaire has been recently presented by Kalogianni et al. (2023). This paper aims to provide an overview of the developments and plans from the initial questionnaire in 2010, till the future plans for 2026, based on the analyses that have been previously carried out (van Oosterom et al. 2011, van Oosterom et al. 2014 and Shnaidman et al., 2019) and highlighting the results of the analysis from the latest questionnaire. The initial results from the latest questionnaire have been presented by Kalogianni et al. (2023), providing the main outcome from the current status (December 2022), while highlighting the priority axes till 2026 related to the developments of 3D LAS. What is more, an assessment rubric is developed by the team that prepares and analyses the questionnaires, that is actually a scoring of the responses in the various sections of the four (4) questionnaires This assessment process is the first time that is being carried out and it is executed for eight (8) countries and presented in this paper.Digital Technologie
A Suggested Terminology for Point-Like Entities in a Bi-Temporal Representation of 2D and 3D Land Administration Data
No full textThe prime purpose of Cadastral data – whether in the form of maps, survey plans or notes, or a digital database is the definitive demarcation of the extent of properties – and can be seen primarily as a decision support facility (“Can a structure be built here?”, “Where can I build a fence?”, “Should I buy this property”?). There are, however many additional uses for which this information has been applied – such as a base for the recording of assets such as light poles, underground cables, etc. and as a history of the pattern of land use and subdivision. Although secondary, these uses are important, and should be adequately supported.GIS Technologi
Monitoring nitrogen status of vegetable crops and soils for optimal nitrogen management
Full text linkOptimal crop nitrogen (N) management is required to minimize N losses to the environment in vegetable crop production. There are several approaches based on soil and plant monitoring that can assist to improve N management. These include soil monitoring, destructive (tissue N analysis, petiole sap nitrate (NO3−) analysis) and non-destructive (optical sensors) crop-based methods, and portable rapid analysis systems. The most promising optical sensors for guiding N management in vegetable production, considering performance and practicality, are chlorophyll meters and canopy reflectance sensors. The crop-based methods are generally sensitive indicators of crop N status in a wide range of vegetable crops. However, they tend to have reduced sensitivity when N supply is excessive. A notable feature of soil monitoring methods (e.g. the Dutch 1:2 soil-water extract method, soil solution monitoring) is that they can detect excess N supply. The combination of crop and soil monitoring will provide vegetable growers with tools to detect crop N deficiency and excess N supply. The selection of the best monitoring approach for a given farm will depend on factors such as crop and farm characteristics, the farmer’s technical level, technical support, and economic considerations. Soil and crop monitoring approaches could form part of improved management packages that include Decision Support Systems (DSS), to determine crop N and/or irrigation requirements, and monitoring of soil water status. The use of such packages, when combined with fertigation and drip irrigation, is key for very efficient N management of vegetable crops with reduced N loss to the environment
Development of 3D spatial profiles to support the full lifecycle of 3D objects
Full text linkGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.GIS TechnologieArchitectural Engineering +Technolog
Root and crop responses of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) to increasing N fertilization
Full text linkRooting is the mechanism by which roots explore soil resources to nourish and anchor the plant to the ground. In vegetable crops, nitrogen (N) application exceeds crop demand due to over fertilization, thereby contributing to N losses through nitrate (NO3−) leaching. To improve N fertilization, knowledge of the response of rooting behaviour and root dynamics to N fertilization will be very useful. In this study, the effect of rates of N application on rooting were assessed in two sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) crops grown in an artificially layered soil, with sand mulch, in Almería (south-eastern Spain). The treatments were very deficient, conventional, and very excessive in terms of N application. Yield, crop N absorption and dry matter of the shoot part were determined. Statistically significant differences were found in shoot dry matter between the very deficient N, compared to conventional and very excessive N. Root length density decreased with increasing application of N, with significantly higher density in the very deficient N application. In relation to depth, root length density in the very deficient N was nearly double (in the 2016 crop) and triple (in the 2017 crop) than in conventional N in the sand mulch layer (0–0.10 m depth). In contrast, root length density in the very deficient N treatment was in general lower than in conventional and very excessive N application in the 0.10–0.20 m layer. In the deeper layers, 0.20–0.30 and 0.30–0.40 m, no effects of N treatments on root length density were found. In relative terms, plants subjected to very deficient N treatment allocated relatively more roots in the sand mulch layer and less roots in the 0.10–0.20 m layer than when subjected to conventional and very excessive N. Root length density was negatively correlated with shoot dry matter, crop N absorption, yield and residual soil mineral N at the end of the crops. Overall, results of the present work suggest that conventional and very excessive N application maximized the development of the shoot part and crop yield and diminished root length density, particularly in the sand mulch layer (0–0.10 m depth). A higher root length density was not sufficient under very deficient N in terms of matching dry matter and yield of the conventional N treatment
Web-based visualization of 3D cadastre
No full textMany countries in the world are extending their cadastral visualization systems in the third dimension. The reason of this, stems from the increasing complexity of contemporary cities, the growing 3D approach in other fields (including 3D spatial data acquisition, spatial data processing and visualization) which made 3D cadastre technologically feasible, and the need to overcome the issues of 2D visualization. The visualization of cadastral parcels in 3D is a huge challenge, since legal boundaries are, in some cases, invisible in the real world. Several countries built their own 3D cadastre (partial) systems/prototypes which are still lacking some crucial functionalities, therefore this research will try to fill some of the gaps of the existing cadastral systems with a special focus on visualization and dissemination aspects.The goal of this research is to solve issues of occlusion, representation of unbounded vol- umes and ambiguous perception (in terms of position, size and shape) of objects in the con- text of 3D cadastre visualization. Additionally, the combination of topography and cadastral parcels is a double-edged sword; on one hand, it is useful for orientation purposes but, on the other hand, the growing complexity and increasing occlusion can make the visualization more challenging. The exploration of specific interaction techniques is fundamental to over- come these issues.This document provides guidance on the system design choices to implement a 3D cadas- tre prototype. The study starts with a theoretical and a technological research carried out to investigate the state of the art in 3D cadastre visualization and to explore the existing WebGL platforms on which to build a successful prototype. Along with these phases, two lists of requirements are created; the first one related to 3D visualization issues and the second one related to the web viewer functionalities. The implementation of the prototype is carried out following (part of) the requirements listed, leaving the rest for future work. The development phase is the core of the research and includes the selection of the datasets and of the area of interest located in the city centre of Brisbane, Australia. In addition to that, the definition of the LADM compliant storage schema and the process of data encoding, to transform the data from survey plans to a cadastral database, are described. Although these steps are not in the main scope, they are crucial for the development of the prototype. After that, different visualization functionalities have been implemented, each of them presenting drawbacks and difficulties mainly related to the data format chosen.In order to assess the usability and user-friendliness of the 3D cadastre prototype, a ques- tionnaire has been handed out to potential users of the application. Their feedback is funda- mental for this research and will provide insights on how to improve the actual design of the prototype.Geomatic
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