496 research outputs found
The legal framework for private sector development in a transitional economy : the case of Poland
No full textThe economies of Central and Eastern Europe are in the midst of a historic transition from central planning and state ownership to development of a market-driven private sector. This transition requires comprehensive changes in"rules of the game"- including the legal framework for economic activity. A market economy presupposes a set of property rights and a system of laws or customs that allow the exchange of those rights. The legal framework in a market economy has at least three basic functions: defining the universe of property rights; setting the rules for entry into and exit from productive activities; and setting the rules of market exchange. These legal tasks are accomplished by areas of law such as: company, foreign investment, bankruptcy, contract and competition law. Poland has a rich legal tradition dating from pre-socialist times, which was suppressed but not eliminated during its forty years of socialism. This tradition is being revised as the country moves toward a private market economy. The current legal framework in Poland closely follows other continental jurisdictions and has a clear and reasonable internal logic. Many of the laws are old, but most are flexible enough to permit a wide range of modern, market-oriented activity. Property law, however, remains a"jungle". The wide discretion and general lack of precedent create tremendous legal uncertainty that is sure to hamper private sector development.Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Housing and Land,Legal Products,Land and Real Estate Development
Motivasi siswa muslim dalam memilih sekolah di SMA Katolik Santo Thomas Aquinno Tulungagung
No full textABSTRAK
Memilih sekolah adalah sesuatu yang penting pada zaman sekarang ini. Begitu juga dengan siswa yang telah menyelesaikan pendidikan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP), Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) yang ingin melanjutkan pendidikan ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi, yaitu Sekolah Menegah Atas (SMA)/Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK)/Madrasah aliyah(MA). SMA Katolik Santo Thomas Aquino Tulungagung adalah sekolah berlatar belakang agama Katolik, namun justru sebagian besar siswanya beragama Islam. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini meneliti tentang “Motivasi Siswa Muslim dalam Memilih Sekolah di SMA Katolik Santo Thomas Aquino Tulungagung”. Peneliti ingin mengungkap apa yang melatarbelakangi siswa muslim memilih sekolah di SMA yang tidak berlatar belakang agama yang dianutnya.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa yang memotivasi siswa muslim dalam memilih sekolah di SMA Katolik Santo Thomas Aquino Tulungagung.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan lokasi di SMA Katolik Santo Thomas Aquino Tulungagung. Sumber data diperoleh melalui metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi.
Hasil penelitian adalah, motivasi siswa muslim dalam memilih sekolah di SMA Katolik karena dua faktor, yaitu Motivasi Internal, dan karena motivasi eksternal. Motivasi internal: (a) keinginan siswa untuk belajar disekolah yang menerapkan kedisiplinan dan tata tertib ketat (b) agar bisa belajar toleransi antar umat beragama (d) agar memperoleh pendidikan yang bermutu (e) agar mendapat pengalaman baru, yaitu belajar bersama orang yang berbeda agama. Sedangkan Motivasi Eksternal: (a) karena di SMA Katolik Santo Thomas Aquino Tulungagung memiliki fasilitas yang memadai, (b) karena di SMA Katolik Santo Thomas Aquino Tulungagung adalah sekolah yang sangat menjaga kebersihan, (c) SMA Katolik Santo Thomas Aquino mempunyai letak geografis yang mudah dijangkau, karena berada di tengah kota, (d) SMA Katolik Santo Thomas Auino Tulungagung mempunyai banyak prestasi, bahkan sempat meraih juara umum lomba MTQ tingkat Kabupaten Tulungagung pada tahun 2011.
ABSTRACT
Choosing a school is something that is important in this day. It is also with the students who have completed education at junior high school (SMP and MTs) who want to continue education to a higher level, i.e. the Upper Secondary School, that is (SMA/MA/SMK). Catholic Senior High School of St. Thomas Aquino Tulungagung is a school set in Catholicism, but most of its students are Muslim. Therefore this research is researching on "Muslim Students Motivation in Choosing a School in the Catholic Senior High School of St. Thomas Aquino, Tulungagung". The researcher wants to uncover what aspects influenced Muslim students choose a school in high school religious background are adhered to.
The purpose of this research is to find out what motivates Muslim students in choosing a school in the Catholic Senior High School of St. Thomas Aquino Tulungagung.
This research uses descriptive qualitative approach to the location of the Catholic High School of St. Thomas Aquino Tulungagung. Data sources obtained through the method of observation, interviews, and documentation.
Results of the study are Muslim students motivation in choosing a Catholic school in high school because of two factors, namely the Internal Motivation, and because external motivation. Internal motivation: (a) the desire of students to learn in schools that implemented a strict code of conduct discipline and (b) in order to learn religious tolerance (d) in order to obtain a quality education (e) in order to get new experiences, namely to study with people of different religions. While the External Motivation: (a) because the Catholic High School of St. Thomas Aquino Tulungagung has adequate facilities, (b) because the Catholic High School of St. Thomas Aquino Tulungagung is the hygiene school, (c) Catholic Senior High School of St. Thomas Aquino Tulungagung had a geographical location that is easily accessible, as it is in the middle of the city, (d) Catholic Senior High School of St. Thomas Aquino Tulungagung has many achievements, even had time to grab the champion of MTQ Tulungagung in the district level in 2011
How can Indonesia maintain creditworthiness and noninflationary growth ?
No full textDespite external shocks, Indonesia has maintained creditworthiness through swift adjustment. Indonesia's flexible economic management and clear policy signals have lent stability to the economy, in contrast to the stop and go reforms, uncertainty, and constant debt renegotiations in many high debt countries. The authors use an econometrically estimated macroeconomic model to analyze open economy adjustment in Indonesia - particularly the interaction between the exchange rate, the interest rate, growth, and debt - and to analyze future policy changes in light of Indonesia's objectives for growth, external debt, and inflation.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Macroeconomic Management,Economic Stabilization,Banks&Banking Reform
How Indonesia's monetary policy affects key variables
No full textThe objective of this paper is to examine the determination of interest rates, inflation and nominal exchange rates in Indonesia, and investigate the role of monetary policy in affecting these variables. In the short term, monetary policy can be used to protect domestic interest rates from the destabilizing influence of speculative capital flight. In the long run, monetary policy can help lower domestic nominal interest rates by maintaining low inflation and dampening expectation about depreciation. The potential for reducing interest rates through monetary expansion is limited. Domestic inflation is partly a monetary phenomenon but structural factors also affect it. The effects of international inflation are immediate and strong; the effects of wage pushes are smaller and less immediate. Inflation can be reduced to some extent by slowing the growth of money - which strengthens the secondary influence of a slower crawling exchange rate. A managed float is appropriate for maintaining a competitive exchange rate, given the gap between world and domestic inflation caused by structural and monetary factors. Real depreciation of the exchange rate will be necessary to compensate for unanticipated decline in oil income (from lower than expected oil prices).Economic Theory&Research,Economic Stabilization,Environmental Economics&Policies,Macroeconomic Management,Banks&Banking Reform
Antennas re-clustering and target handoff for multiple radars system
No full textWidely distributed multiple radar systems have been shown to offer enhanced localization performance. With smaller radar footprint, the ability to employ larger number of transmit and receive antennas opens new opportunities. In previous research, a subset selection scheme has been proposed for antenna clustering that minimizes the number of transmit and receive antennas required to achieve a preset accuracy performance. The study indicated that some transmit and receive antenna pairs contribute more than others to the localization performance. This thesis concentrates on handoff techniques that enable the transition of target tracking from one antenna cluster to another. As a target moves in an area covered by a grid of multiple radars, its relative position with respect to an existing tracking antenna cluster (or antenna subset) is changing, affecting the accuracy capabilities of the existing antenna cluster. Thus, at some point, there is a need to update the antenna cluster, keeping a useful antenna subset while replacing other antennas with ones that will keep localization accuracy within a given range. Re-clustering methods are proposed to address target handoff within antennas belonging to a larger grid. Low complexity re-clustering algorithms are proposed for handoff purposes which enable a constrained replacement of antennas. These fast approximation algorithms are based on the optimization of the Cramer Rao bound (CRB) and constrained by the number of antennas that may be replaced at any given time. It is shown that this method performs close to optimal and can be implemented in a decentralized fashion.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Sadiq Jabba
International transfer pricing : the Australian approach and lessons for Canada
No full textIn response to developments in international trade and an increased focus on international transfer-pricing issues, Canada’s minister of finance announced in the 1997 budget that the Department of Finance would undertake a review of the transfer-pricing provisions in the Income Tax Act. On September 11, 1997, the Department of Finance released draft transfer-pricing legislation and Revenue Canada released revised draft Information Circular 87-2R. The legislation was subsequently amended and included in Bill C-28, which received first reading on December 10, 1997. The new rules are intended to update Canada’s international transfer-pricing practices. In particular, they attempt to harmonize the standards in the Income Tax Act with the arm’s-length principle established in the OECD’s transfer pricing guidelines. The new rules also set out contemporaneous documentation requirements in respect of cross-border related-party transactions, facilitate administration of the law by Revenue Canada, and provide for a penalty where transfer prices do not comply with the arm’s-length principle. The Australian tax authorities have similarly reviewed and updated their transfer-pricing practices. Since 1992, the Australian commissioner of taxation has issued three rulings and seven draft rulings directly relating to international transfer pricing. These rulings outline the selection and application of transfer pricing methodologies, documentation requirements, and penalties for non-compliance. The Australian Taxation Office supports the use of advance pricing agreements (APAs) and has expanded its audit strategy by conducting transfer-pricing risk assessment reviews. This article presents a detailed review of Australia’s transfer-pricing policy and practices, which address essentially the same concerns as those at which the new Canadian rules are directed. This review provides a framework for comparison of the approaches adopted in the two jurisdictions. The author concludes that although these approaches differ in some respects, ultimately they produce a similar result. Both regimes set a clear standard to be met by multinational enterprises in establishing transfer prices. Both provide for audits and penalties in the event of noncompliance. And both offer the alternative of an APA as a means of avoiding transfer-pricing disputes with Australian and Canadian tax authorities
Real Australian teachers : working in an Australian Islamic school
No full textThe only teachers who work at Al Sadiq College in Sydney\u27s south-west are Australian teachers, but they and their students experience cultural prejudice as a daily fact of life. This article describes the experiences of the author, principal of Al Sadiq College, and implications of the cultural bias for Australia. The author argues that the danger for the nation is that a \u27conflicted identity\u27 with its alienation, marginalisation, and suspicion will destabilise the students\u27 sense of belonging. [Author abstract, ed
Reassuring teens [Book reviews]
No full textIn this article, the following books are reviewed: "Camels Can Make You Homesick and Other Stories" by Nazneen Sadiq, "I Was a 15-Year-Old Blimp" by Patti Stren, "Sandy" by Nancy Freeman and "Storm Child" by Brenda Bellingham
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
A scalable framework for stylometric analysis of multi-author documents
No full textThis is an accepted manuscript of a chapter published by Springer in Database Systems for Advanced Applications. DASFAA 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10827 on 13/05/2018, available online: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91452-7_52
The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.Stylometry is a statistical technique used to analyze the variations in the author’s writing styles and is typically applied to authorship attribution problems. In this investigation, we apply stylometry to authorship identification of multi-author documents (AIMD) task. We propose an AIMD technique called Co-Authorship Graph (CAG) which can be used to collaboratively attribute different portions of documents to different authors belonging to the same community. Based on CAG, we propose a novel AIMD solution which (i) significantly outperforms the existing state-of-the-art solution; (ii) can effectively handle a larger number of co-authors; and (iii) is capable of handling the case when some of the listed co-authors have not contributed to the document as a writer. We conducted an extensive experimental study to compare the proposed solution and the best existing AIMD method using real and synthetic datasets. We show that the proposed solution significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art method
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