7 research outputs found
RAMBO: The evaluation of an intervention program for UK mentally abnormal young offenders
No full textConceptualization and definition of a curriculum.
No full textSome years ago in my first semester of graduate
studies, my mentor, Paul Ogula, introduced me to the
idea that curriculum is “the world in drag,” the way
we dice up the experience of the world into tidy but
arbitrary packages until it is again recoded as it enters
the ceremonies, structures, and rituals of schooling.
I puzzled over this idea for some time, working to
reconcile my initial understanding of curriculum drawn
from my years of classroom practice as a secondary
school teacher. Even in defining curriculum at its most
basic understanding one will find himself surrounded
by a myriad of definitions. This paper offers a basis
for scholars aiming at theoretical and experiential
guidance for conceptualization of the word curriculum.
Rooted in the literature of philosophy of education,
some assumed meanings of curriculum and the
theoretical and experiential views of several scholars,
the author illustrates the foundational elements and
dimensions of curriculum that ought not to miss in a
valid definition of the word
Algorithmic Bias: Sources and Responses
No full textWednesday, March 18, 2020, 10:00 a.m.-2:30 p.m., McCartan Courtroom, Notre Dame Law School
Keynote speaker: Cathy O\u27Neil, big data scientist and New York Times bestselling author. Algorithms: for whom do they fail?
Plus panels featuring: Shaun Barry, Global Leader for Government, Healthcare, and Utilities at SAS Kevin Bowyer, Schubmehl-Prein Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the Universityof Notre Dame Genevieve Fried, Technology Fellow at Al Now Ryan Hagemann, Co-Director at IBM Policy Lab Sara Jordan, Policy Counsel at Future of Privacy Forum Kirsten Martin, Linder Gamba I Professor of Business Ethics at George Washington University School of Business Ron Metoyer, Associate Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Notre Dame (moderator) Scott Nestler, Academic Director, MS in Business Analytics at Mendoza College of Business, University of Notre Dame (moderator) Mutale Nkonde, CEO of Al For the People Kate Vredenburgh, postdoctoral fellow, Ethics in Society and HAI at Stanford Universityhttps://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndls_posters/1461/thumbnail.jp
Towards a new method for evaluating large-scale maternal health programmes: measuring implementation strength of focused antenatal care and emergency obstetric care in Tanzania
No full textMeasuring the strength of public health programmes may reveal whether and how some programmes have an impact on target populations and others do not. Programme implementation strength (also known as programme intensity) refers to quantitative measure reflecting programme inputs, processes, and their duration. Measuring programme strength requires an understanding of how programmes work and involves defining measurable concepts, identifying sources of programme data and close programme follow-up. There are no standardized methods for measuring programme strength.
This thesis developed and tested an approach for estimating programme strength for use in evaluating large-scale maternal health programmes in low- and middle-income countries. It used focused antenatal care (FANC) and emergency obstetric care (EmOC) as tracer programmes, with WHO’s health-system-building blocks as programme components. The thesis used mixed methods including: developing a weighting scheme through opinions from maternal health experts, collecting FANC and EmOC data from 23 districts on programme strength, programme coverage, and programme contextual factors, using government official statistics, and using routine data from a central database. The thesis also tested the content and face validity of the approach.
Results from experts showed that, even though all six WHO blocks were required in programme implementation, human resources was given relatively higher weights than the other programme components. While the overall programme strength in districts scored an average of 41% (FANC) and 40% (EmOC), the overall programme coverage scored an average of 80% (FANC) and 64% (EmOC). Contextual factors significantly associated with the programmes included: total fertility rate, female literacy, water, sanitation, and famine. The content and face validity were both rated “very good”. This work aims to contribute towards an efficient way of evaluating large-scale maternal health programmes in low- and middle-income countries. The approach could also be of interest especially to district health management authorities for improving health programmes
The Global Retinoblastoma Outcome Study: a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries
No full textBackground Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. Methods We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1,2017, and Dec 31,2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. Findings The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23.2 months (IQR 11.0-36.5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0.8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5.4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19. 7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42.9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enudeation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98.8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99.5% (95% CI 98.8-100.0) for children from high-income countries, 91.2% (89.5-93.0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80.3% (78.3-82.3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57.3% (524-63-0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16.67; 95% CI 4.76-50.00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8.98; 4.44-18.18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1.38 per year; 1.23-1.56). For children aged 3-7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0.0104 for the change in slope). Interpretation This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Y
