34 research outputs found
Συγκριτική επιδημιολογία των λοιμώξεων του ανώτερου αναπνευστικού σε τριτοβάθμιο νοσοκομείο της Ελλάδας, πριν και μετά την εμφάνιση της πανδημίας COVID-19
No full textΕισαγωγή: Ως λοιμώξεις του ανώτερου αναπνευστικού συστήματος ορίζονται οι λοιμώξεις που εντοπίζονται στη ρίνα, τους παραρρίνιους κόλπους, τα ώτα, τον φάρυγγα (ρινοφάρυγγα, στοματοφάρυγγα, υποφάρυγγα) και τον λάρυγγα και περιλαμβάνουν τη ρινίτιδα, τη παραρρινοκολπίτιδα, τη φαρυγγίτιδα, την ωτίτιδα, την επιγλωττίτιδα και την λαρυγγίτιδα. Είναι πολύ συχνές στον πληθυσμό και η μετάδοση τους γίνεται αερογενώς (με βήχα ή πταρμό) αλλά και με την επαφή μολυσμένων επιφανειών. Η αιτιοπαθογένειά τους οφείλεται σε διάφορους παθογόνους μικροοργανισμούς στους οποίους ανήκουν αρκετοί ιοί, βακτήρια, μυκοπλάσματα και χλαμύδια. Οι ασθενείς που πάσχουν από λοίμωξη του ανωτέρου αναπνευστικού συχνά παραπονιούνται για ένα ή και περισσότερα από τα παρακάτω συμπτώματα: φαρυγγαλγία, ρινική συμφόρηση, ρινική καταρροή, κεφαλαλγία, εμπύρετο, βήχα, ωταλγία, προσωπαλγία, μυαλγία, πταρμό, επώδυνη τραχηλική λεμφαδενοπάθεια, ναυτία και βράγχος φωνής. Στα τέλη του έτους 2019 εμφανίσθηκε στην Κίνα το πρώτο κρούσμα μιας πνευμονίας αγνώστου αιτιολογίας που αργότερα ονομάστηκε νόσος Covid-19 και εξελίχθηκε σε πανδημία έως και το έτος 2022. Στην Ελλάδα το πρώτο κρούσμα καταγράφηκε στις 26 Φεβρουαρίου 2020 και έκτοτε λήφθηκαν διάφορα υγειονομικά μέτρα για τον περιορισμό της εξάπλωσής της. Τα μέτρα αυτά αφορούσαν κυρίως στις μετακινήσεις του πληθυσμού και στη χρήση προστατευτικής μάσκας. Συνεπώς έπαιξαν σημαντικό ρόλο στη μετάδοση των λοιμώξεων του ανώτερου αναπνευστικού αλλά και στον αριθμό των ασθενών που επισκέπτονταν τα τμήματα επειγόντων περιστατικών (ΤΕΠ). Μέθοδος και σκοπός: Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία είναι μια μελέτη παρατήρησης η οποία χρησιμοποίησε δεδομένα από ένα τριτοβάθμιο νοσοκομείο της Ελλάδας και συγκεκριμένα δεδομένα ασθενών που επισκέφθηκαν και καταγράφηκαν στο ωτορινολαρυγγολογικό (ΩΡΛ) ΤΕΠ τα έτη 2018, 2019, 2020 και 2021 δηλαδή δύο χρόνια πριν την εμφάνιση της πανδημίας covid-19 και δύο χρόνια αφού εμφανίστηκε. Σκοπός της είναι να μελετήσει κατά πόσο η πανδημία και η λήψη των περιοριστικών μέτρων συνέβαλε στη μεταβολή της συχνότητας των περιστατικών με λοίμωξη ανώτερου αναπνευστικού συστήματος ( εξαιρουμένων των περιπτώσεων λοίμωξης από covid-19) στα ελληνικά νοσοκομεία. Αποτελέσματα: Στην παρούσα μελέτη συμπεριλήφθηκαν 10256 ασθενείς. Πρόκειται για περιστατικά τα οποία προσήλθαν στο ΩΡΛ τμήμα επειγόντων περιστατικών τα έτη 2018, 2019, 2020 και 2021 από τον Φεβρουάριο έως και τον Μάιο μήνα του κάθε έτους. Από το σύνολο των ασθενών, 53% ήταν άνδρες και 47% γυναίκες. Η διάμεση ηλικία του πληθυσμού ήταν 43 έτη (εύρος 1-101). Μελετήθηκε η συχνότητα των λοιμώξεων του ανωτέρου αναπνευστικού τα τέσσερα αυτά έτη στο σύνολο του πληθυσμού αλλά και ανά ηλικιακή ομάδα και ανά φύλο. Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης έδειξαν μείωση της συχνότητας των λοιμώξεων του ανώτερου αναπνευστικού κυρίως μετά τον μήνα Μάρτιο τα έτη 2020 και 2021 συγκριτικά με το έτος 2018 (OR=0,72 και OR=0,42 αντίστοιχα p value<0.001), τόσο στο σύνολο του δείγματος της μελέτης όσο και ανά ηλικιακή ομάδα ( <40 ετών, 40- 65 ετών, >65 ετών) και φύλο. Επιπλέον, μελετήθηκε η συχνότητα των περιστατικών με σύμπτωμα ζάλης τις ίδιες χρονικές περιόδους των ίδιων ετών και δεν παρατηρήθηκε σημαντικά μεγάλη διαφορά στη συχνότητα αυτή μεταξύ των ετών. Συμπεράσματα: Σε μελέτη ασθενών από το τμήμα επειγόντων περιστατικών νοσοκομείου που υποδέχεται τα περισσότερα περιστατικά ετησίως σε σχέση με τα υπόλοιπα ελληνικά νοσοκομεία, παρατηρήθηκε σημαντική μείωση της συχνότητας των λοιμώξεων του ανώτερου αναπνευστικού που δεν σχετίζονταν με τον ιό SARS-CoV-2 και ανιχνεύθηκαν κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας COVID-19 (2020-2021) σε σχέση με το έτος 2018. Η συνήθης εποχική έξαρση αυτών των λοιμώξεων του ανώτερου αναπνευστικού συστήματος ουσιαστικά απουσίαζε κατά τη διάρκεια της περιόδου 2020-2021. Αποδίδουμε την μεταβολή αυτή στα αυστηρά περιοριστικά μέτρα που λήφθηκαν κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας όπως η χρήση προστατευτικής μάσκας, ο περιορισμός των συναναστροφών και των μετακινήσεων, το σχολαστικό πλύσιμο των χεριών κτλ. Αντίθετα, τα περιστατικά ζάλης που διαγνώστηκαν κατά τη διάρκεια της πανδημίας φαίνεται να παρέμειναν σχεδόν αμετάβλητα και να μην επηρεάστηκαν από τα μη φαρμακευτικά προστατευτικά μέτρα κατά τα έτη 2020 και 2021.Introduction: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are infections found on nose, paranasal sinuses, ears, pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx) and larynx and cause rhinitis, paranasal sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis, epiglottitis and laryngitis. They are very common at the community and their transmission happens through air or through contact with polluted surfaces. There are plenty of microorganisms that cause URTI but the most common are viruses, bacteria, mycoplasmas and chlamydia. Patients that have URTIs are often complaining about these symptoms: sore throat, rhinus congestion, headache, fever, cough, sneezing, voice hoarseness, nausea, pain at ears and face. In December 2019 a new virus, called later Sars-covid-19 caused the pandemic Covid-19 that lasted till late 2022. In Greece, the first case was recorded on February 26, 2020, and since then various health measures have been taken to limit its spread. These measures mainly concerned the movement of the population and the use of a protective mask. They therefore played an important role in the transmission of upper respiratory infections and in the number of patients visiting emergency departments (EDs) Methods and aim: This thesis is an observational study which used data from a tertiary hospital in Greece and specific data of patients who visited and were recorded in the otolaryngology ED in the years 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, i.e. two years before the onset of the covid-19 pandemic and two years after it appeared. Its purpose is to study whether the pandemic and the adoption of restrictive measures contributed to the change in the frequency of upper respiratory infections in Greek hospitals Results: 10256 patients were included in the present study. These are cases that came to the ENT emergency department in the years 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 from February to May of each year. Of all patients, 53% were men and 47% were women. The median age of the population was 43 years (range 1-101). We studied the relative frequency of upper respiratory tract infections in these four years in the entire population as well as by age group and by gender. The results of the study showed a decrease in the frequency of upper respiratory infections mainly after the month of March in the years 2020 and 2021 compared to year 2018 (OR=0,72 and OR=0,42 respectively, p value<0,001) both in the overall sample of the study and by age group ( <40 years , 40-65 years, >65 years) and gender. In addition, the frequency of dizziness incidents was studied during the same time periods of the same years, and no important difference was observed in this frequency between the years. Conclusions: In this case series study from the emergency department of the hospital that receives the most cases annually of all other Greek hospitals, we demonstrate a significant change in the frequency of respiratory tract infections that were not related to SARS-coV-2 virus and detected during the COVID- 19 pandemic (2020-2021) compared to year 2018. The usual seasonal outbreak of upper respiratory tract infections was virtually absent during the 2020-2021 season.. We attribute this change to the strict restrictive measures taken during the pandemic such as the use of a protective mask, the restriction of socializing and movement, thorough hand washing, etc. In contrast, the cases of dizziness diagnosed during the pandemic seem to remained unchanged and were not affected by the non-pharmaceutical measures taken in the years 2020 and 2021
The system of sports schools in respect with youth-training in Hungary
No full textBalatoni Ildikó, Kith Nikoletta, Kosztin Nikolett, Csernoch László. The system of sports schools in respect with youth-training in Hungary Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(13):42-53. eISSN 2391-8306.
DOI http://dx.doi.org/110.5281/zenodo.232932
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4150
The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 754 (09.12.2016).
754 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7
© The Author (s) 2016;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial
use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 05.12.2016. Revised 20.12.2016. Accepted: 31.12.2016.
The system of sports schools in respect with youth-training in Hungary
Ildikó Balatoni, Nikoletta Kith, Nikolett Kosztin, László Csernoch
University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
Corresponding author: Ildikó Balatoni
Phone:+ 36/30-6762214
E-mail address: [email protected]
Address: 4032 Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Hungary
Running head: System of sports schools in Hungary
Abstract
Purpose. The Hungarian government and the National Sport Strategy aim to preserve the results of our internationally recognized competitive sport by supporting youth-training. One of the components of youth-training is the system of sports schools. According to the Sport Law, the sports school is either an institution of public education, a commercial company, a sport club, or a foundation in which youth-training is done in an organized manner.
Methods. We were interested to see if these sports schools would have an equal spatial distribution within the country, what is the age-distribution of their pupils, and, finally, do they have the necessary infrastructural background for their work. The research was conducted through a telephone survey in which 52 out of the 54 schools were included.
Results. Half of the schools do not own all the necessary infrastructure that they would need to conduct proper training. This they try to solve by leasing them. Many of the schools (37%) specialize in three or four sport disciplines, and only a handsome (20%) coaches at least eight. While all together almost 36000 students are involved in the program, their number shows a large variation, from 50 to 1800, between the different schools.
Conclusion. Sport infrastructure in Hungary in respect to youth-training shows a back-lag as compared to European standards. Nevertheless, due to the infrastructural developments and the subsidy of certain sports in the past few years, the opportunity to get engaged in sports and the available services have increased. Sports schools thus have a positive effect on youth-training and, through this, on physical education within the country
Re-flex: Responsive Flexible Mold for Computer Aided Intuitive Design and Materialization
No full textThe paper presents an ongoing research about the design and a possible use of a responsive flexible mold. The mold is developed by integrating its precedents with automation and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). The objective of the design is to provide an immersive design tool which has direct link to fabrication. It allows intuitive interaction to its user in order to help with the design and production of complex forms by supporting the designer's implicit skills with computer. The paper presents the design by illustrating the use of the hardware such as the actuators, the sensor and the projector; and by defining the workflow within the software. The paper concludes with the description of a possible use case in which the system is used to design and materialize an object in different scales.Digital TechnologiesStructural Design & Mechanic
Integrated computational approach for the generation and preliminary structural analysis of woven structures during the early design stage
No full textThe role of the architect as a “master builder”, or someone who possessed a deep knowledge about the materials and ways to use them, has recently disappeared in favour of technical specialisation. The distancing of the architect from the actual construction site coincides with the emergence of digital design environments that provide seemingly abundant design choices yet draw the attention away from the fabricability of them. Often, matter is considered as a homogeneous element that “receives” the form. However, in case of structures such as the woven ones, the material nature of which constitutes their most unique characteristic and dictates their form up to a large extent, the integration of materiality as an active agent in the design process is imperative.This study explores this new relationship between form, materiality and structural performance through the proposal of a theoretical framework and an original digital tool, SpaceWeave, developed in Grasshopper for Rhino in collaboration with the Karamba plug-in for structural analysis. SpaceWeave aims to facilitate the generation, modelling and preliminary structural analysis of woven structures during the early design phase. The role of material properties in a design workflow, the advantages and limitations of designing and structurally analysing in a parametric setting, as well as the correlation between weave parameters and structural behaviour of the resulting structures are discussed.<br/
Az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban történt tömegmészárlásokról
No full textIn this study the author searches answers on the question, what could be the reasons stashed in individuals for gunned slaughters in the USA. The basis is given by a few articles published in this topic and the author tends to present them in the format of a review.A tanulmányban a szerző arra keresi a választ, hogy milyen, az egyénben rejlő okai lehetnek az USA-ban történő fegyveres mészárlásoknak. Az alapot a témában megjelent néhány cikk adja, melyeket recenzió formájában igyekszik bemutatni.  
Electro Facies Based Lithology and Mechanical Modeling: A Proposed Workflow and Models Linkage
No full textThe induced seismic activities and subsidence in the Groningen region urges for deeper investigation of the mechanical elastic parameters and lithological facies. A recently (2015) drilled well in the area of Zeerijp has provided a rich dataset from the Permian and Carboniferous to be analyzed and eventually help to understand and characterize the penetrated intervals.The well was cored and logged extensively, providing a wide and diverse database that includes well logs, computed tomography (CT) scans, x-ray diffraction (XRD), petrography, routine core analysis (RCAL), scratch test, unconfined compression test (UCS) and triaxial compression test (TCS). These data were integrated using the disciplines of petrophysics, rock physics, geology and geomechanics, in order to analyze and build one lithology- and one mechanical- data based model that describe the Permian and Carboniferous section.Each lithology- and mechanical- model consisted of six different facies; four sandstones and two shales facies were classified using the data and the understanding of the geological depositional model. The generated geology-reflected lithology facies model with the proposed workflow can aid into building a more reliable 3D geological model. The benefits of this methodology can be extended to assist in a more robust dynamic modeling. Additionally, the mechanical model can be used to provide granularity in previous mechanical models, not only for the reservoir, but also for the over- and under-burden. The two models (lithology- and mechanical-facies model) correlate 70% in general.Petroleum Engineering and Geo-science
Kutatói szerepkonfliktusok
No full textThis study includes subjective thoughts on how it is possible to make participant observation, do ethnographic research in an institute closed for the outside world. Conceptualized on the twelve steps, the particular institute is a rehabilitation home for addicts. The author made observations for six months in the „field”.Jelen tanulmány szubjektív gondolatokat tartalmaz arról, miként lehetséges résztvevő megfigyelést, etnográfiai kutatómunkát folytatni egy, a külvilág számára zárt intézményben. A tárgyalt intézmény egy 12 lépés alapján konceptualizált rehabilitációs otthon szenvedélybetegek részére. A szerző fél éven keresztül végzett megfigyeléseket a „terepen”
A terápiás közösség, mint értelmező közösség: segítés, hiperreflexió, szimbolizáció
No full textThe paper describes recovering addicts’ community in a rehabilitation facility as an interpretive community. The author argues for the conceptual triad of „helping community”, „interpretive community” and “symbolic community”, understanding these as stages of a linear recovery process. Possible consequences of the continous, shared practice of hyper-reflection are also addressed.A tanulmány, rehabilitációban részt vevő szenvedélybetegek csoportjának, értelmező közösségként való interpretációs kísérletét nyújtja. A „segítő közösség”, az „értelmező közösség” és a „szimbolikus közösség” fogalmi triásza mellett érvelünk, azokat egyfajta lineárisan végbemenő folyamat stációiként értelmezve. Az írás érinti annak kérdését is, miként változtathatja meg a hiperreflexió a mentális működést
Chapter 3: Sōphrosynē and Erōs
No full textI. Introductory Notes In a famous quote from one of his Letters (66), Philostratos lashes out, in a surprising attack, at an author named Chariton: Χαρὶτωνι. Μεμνήσεσθαι των σῶν λὸγων οει τοὑς ‘Ελλῃνα, ὲπειδἀν τελευτήσης· οὶ δὲ μηδὲν ὄντες, οπὸτε εὶσὶν, τὶνες ἂν εἳεν, οπὸτε οὑκ εὶσὶν; To Chariton. You think that the Greeks will remember your writings when you are dead. But those who are nobodies when they are alive, what could they possibly be when they are not alive? Though there can be no c..
Venous Thromboembolism Following Major Abdominal Surgery for Cancer: A Guide for the Surgical Intern.
No full textBACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a term used to compositely describe deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Overall, the incidence of VTE after major abdominal and pelvic surgery has been reported to be between 10% and 40%. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of post-operative VTE in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery for cancer, to identify risk factors associated with VTE, and to assess available thromboprophylaxis tools. METHODS: A Medline and Cochrane literature search from database inception until February 1st, 2021 was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. RESULTS: Thirty-one studies met our eligibility criteria and were included in the current review. In total, 435,492 patients were identified and the overall incidence of VTE was 2.19%( 95% CI: 1.82-2.38). Τhe following risk factors were associated with VTE: smoking, advanced age (>70 years), a history of diabetes mellitus, American Society of Anesthesiologists’ (ASA) classification of Physical Health class III or IV, a history of cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, a history of DVT or PE, elevated plasma fibrinogen level, c-reactive protein (CRP) level, cancer stage III or IV, postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), prolonged postoperative hospital stay, previous steroid use, history of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), heart failure and neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: VTE remains an important complication after major abdominal surgery for cancer and seems to increase mortality rates
