24,771 research outputs found
Healthcare financing in OECD countries beyond the public-private split
No full textBackground: Studies of long-term trends in the healthcare financing mix generally focus on a dichotomous concept discerning public from private funding sources. More detailed analyses of the funding mix tend to be restricted to a small number of cases or do rarely examine time trends. Aim: This paper enhances the existing body of literature by developing and applying a trichotomous concept for healthcare funding, distinguishing taxes, contributions, and private sources. This includes a new aggregated indicator for the mix of three financing sources and its graphical representation. Methods: The study mainly builds upon OECD Health Data 2011. We measure changes in the funding mix since 1972 as its distance from a funding mix that equally draws upon taxes, contributions and private sources. Results: Up to 1980, the OECD healthcare systems move toward ideal-typical financing schemes. Between 1980 and 2000, the funding mix hybridizes mainly driven by privatization processes in NHS and social insurance countries and ongoing switch-over-processes between these two healthcare system types. Since 2000, OECD countries again tend toward ideal-typical funding schemes. Discussion: We use the framework for institutional change developed by Streeck and Thelen. The quantitative approach highlights changes in terms of displacement, layering, and drift but fails to fully reveal conversion processes. Therefore, further qualitative research is needed to capture not only shifts between the funding sources but also more gradual changes within them. Conclusion: The back-and-forth development of the trichotomous funding mix challenges assumptions of a universal trend toward hybrid financing structures. -- Rahmen: Arbeiten, die langfristige Trends des Finanzierungsmix von Gesundheitsausga-ben untersuchen, basieren in der Regel auf einem dichotomen Konzept, das öffentliche und private Quellen unterscheidet. Detailliertere Studien zum disaggregierten Finanzierungsmix sind zumeist auf kleine Fallzahlen beschränkt oder betrachten keine Entwicklungen über Zeit. Ziel: Das Arbeitspapier entwickelt ein trichotomes Finanzierungskonzept, das zwischen Steuern, Beiträgen und privaten Quellen unterscheidet und wendet dieses auf OECD-Gesundheitssysteme an. Hierfür wird ein neuer Hybriditätsindex gebildet, der den Finanzierungsmix eines Landes beschreibt und graphisch verortet. Methoden: Wir messen die Veränderungen im Finanzierungsmix seit 1972 als Distanz von einem hypothetischen Finanzierungsmix, der sich jeweils zu einem Drittel auf Steuern, Beiträge und privaten Ausgaben stützt. Als Quelle dienen die OECD Health Data 2011 und ergänzende nationale Statistiken. Ergebnisse: Bis etwa 1980 steuern die OECD-Gesundheitssysteme auf unterschiedliche idealtypische Finanzierungsmodelle zu. Zwischen 1980 und 2000 beobachten wir eine Hybridisierung der Finanzierung von Gesundheitsausgaben, die vorwiegend auf Privatisierungsprozesse in den NHS- und Sozialversicherungsländern zurückgeführt werden kann. Überdies tragen einzelne Länder durch einen inkrementellen Übergang vom Sozialversicherungssystem zum NHS zunächst zur Hybridisierung bei. Seit 2000 neigen die OECD-Länder wieder idealtypischen Finanzierungsstrukturen zu. Diskussion: Wir analysieren die Befunde anhand der von Streeck und Thelen entwickelten Formen institutionellen Wandels. Der Hybridisierungsindex verdeutlicht Wandel in Form von Displacement, Layering und Drift, während Conversion-Prozesse nicht vollständig abgebildet werden können. Hierfür bedarf es qualitativer Analysen, die nicht nur Verschiebungen zwischen Finanzierungsarten sondern graduelle Veränderungen innerhalb einer Finanzierungsart erfassen. Fazit: Der Wandel zwischen Hybridisierungsphasen und Phasen der Stärkung idealtypischer Finanzierung deutet darauf hin, dass funktionale Annahmen eines langfristigen Trends zu hybriden Finanzierungsstrukturen zu kurz greifen.
Jack Alive / Martin Dead : The Location of the "Author" in Jack London\u27s Martin Eden
No full textThis essay is an attempt to read Martin Eden, Jack Londonʼs autobiographical novel, in terms of the inextricable relationship between the author and the protagonist. Critics have often taken the unbalanced plot and the lack of ironic distance between narrator and character in Martin Eden as the technical weakness of London, but this paper argues that the achievement of this novel owes a great deal to the attachment of London to Martin. The unbalanced structure is a necessary product of the severe struggle of the author to kill his romantic alter ego. // Martin, who aspires to win Ruth Morse, tries to cross class boundaries by making a career of a writer. Even after realizing the emptiness of Ruth, who turns out to be nothing but a typical figure of the bourgeoisie, he somehow persists in loving her. The notion underlying here is that, for Martin, love, career and art are fundamentally inseparable. He objects to the aestheteʼs view of Brissenden on account of his separation of art from career. Martinʼs identity and life consist only in the triunity of love/career/art; the alternative is the repudiation of life. Thus, the unnatural delay of his disappointment in love can be regarded as Londonʼs strategy to set the suicide of Martin as the necessary consequence of the story. // By finishing the story and killing Martin, London finally detaches himself from Martin, reconstructs his self, and, unlike Martin, survives as a professional writer. In this sense, Martin Eden is a story about “writerʼs self-reconstruction.
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Letter from Martin Chizzick
No full textCongratulations to Duane Pearsall for receiving the Enterpreneur of the Year award; note on the letter was written by Pearsall and it mentions that Martin, the author of the letter, died in a airplane accident
Robert Martin Tiffin's Mystery Man Newspaper Articles
No full textAdvertiser-Tribune newspaper clippings featuring a story about Robert Martin (written by Nancy Kleinhenz), a local author from Tiffin (Ohio) who wrote under the pseudonym of Lee Roberts, and two of his short stories. Martin wrote mystery novels in his spare time, creating more than 22 mystery novels. For more information about Robert Martin and a list of books go to http://www.mysteryfile.com/RMartin/JBennett.html
Experiences Using Large Scale Video Walls for Distance Education
No full textWe describe our experiences building and using the Rutgers Videowall, a low-cost telepresence system that has been used teaching 15 courses and colloquia. By relaxing typical spatial telepresence features, such as background continuity, we greatly reduced costs and gained flexibility in the rooms it could be deployed in. The lower costs and room flexibility enabled academic departments to use the wall, in contrast to traditional telepresence systems which remained inaccessible. We found that the Videowall’s spatial distortions did not have a significant impact on useability, as our initial survey results show that students had an overall positive experience.Technical report DCS-tr-72
Hans Martin Schwarz Collection 1934 - 1938
No full textThis collection contains clippings of articles by Hans Martin Schwarz (1917, Hamburg – 2006, New York, better known as Martin Ebon), published between 1934 and 1938 in German-Jewish newspapers on a wide variety of subjects such as sports, emigration, the political situation in Germany, and religious attitudes of the young. It also contains reviews of his books "Einer wie Du und Ich" and "Heiteres, Besinnliches, Nachdenkliches."digitizedHans Martin Schwarz (1917, Hamburg – 2006, New York, better known as Martin Ebon), was a journalist and author. In Germany during the 1930s, he published in a variety of German-Jewish periodicals, primarily the Israelitisches Familienblatt. After immigrating to the United States in 1938, he changed his name to Martin Ebon, and published dozens of books in the areas of world affairs and parapsychology.Processe
Interview with Father James Martin
No full textIn May 2011, the Ignatian Faculty Scholars at Regis University conducted a Skype interview with Father James Martin, S. J., author of The Jesuit Guide to Almost Everything. The Scholars had used Father Martin’s book as a text for their year of study, which focused on Ignatian Spirituality, the Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm, and teaching and learning at a Jesuit university. The interview was transcribed and is printed below. Father Martin reflects on the book, and responds to questions about the book itself, about finding God in all learners, and about the Church
Benefits of a Classification Scheme of Granitic Pegmatites Based on Petrogenetic Considerations.
No full textOral presentation-
Communicating author: Martin RF
WHY IS AMAZONITIC K-FELDSPAR AN EARMARK OF NYF-TYPE GRANITIC PEGMATITES?
No full textOral presentation- Communicating author: Martin R
Hiram Martin Chittenden, author, with his burro, ca.1900-1920
No full textPhotograph of Hiram Martin Chittenden, author, with his burro, ca.1900-1920. He has a long dark beard and wears a long jacket and dark wide-brimmed hat. He holds the packed burro by the reins. They stand in the middle of an residential dirt street. A church is visible among the buildings at right
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