2 research outputs found
Impact of dietary patterns on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study at a tertiary care hospital in western India
No full textBackground: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing concern worldwide, particularly in India, due to lifestyle changes and dietary habits. Diet plays a significant role in the onset of NAFLD, yet the specific dietary patterns contributing to this condition vary across populations. This study aims to assess the association between dietary patterns and NAFLD across different populations.
Methods: We conducted a case-control study at a tertiary care hospital in Vadodara, Gujarat, involving 200 participants (100 cases with NAFLD and 100 matched controls without NAFLD). Dietary intake was assessed using a modified 24-hour dietary recall method. To identify common dietary patterns, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the open-source statistical software R. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for NAFLD risk, adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and smoking status.
Results: The study, involving 200 participants (100 with NAFLD and 100 controls), revealed that high intake of processed foods and low fiber intake were significantly associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. Specifically, high consumption of processed foods was linked to a 3.4-fold increased risk of NAFLD (Odds Ratio [OR] 3.4; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.1-5.6). Similarly, low fiber intake was associated with a 2.7-fold increased risk (OR 2.7; 95% CI: 1.7-4.5). These results highlight the strong impact of dietary patterns on the risk of NAFLD.
Conclusions: This study highlights that a Western dietary pattern is strongly associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, while adherence to a traditional diet appears protective. Dietary modifications could serve as a potential strategy for NAFLD prevention in at-risk populations
Predictors of mortality in heart failure patients: a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary care hospital in Vadodara
No full textBackground: Heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the factors contributing to mortality in HF patients can inform clinical decisions and improve patient outcomes. This study aims to identify the predictors of mortality in HF patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Vadodara, Gujarat.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 250 consecutive HF patients admitted to SSG Hospital, Vadodara, between January 2022 and December 2023. Patient data, including demographic characteristics, clinical features, comorbidities, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), laboratory values and mortality outcomes, were collected from hospital records. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to analyze survival rates over the study period.
Results: The cohort consisted of 250 patients, with a mean age of 62.7±10.5 years. Males accounted for 58.9% of the cohort. Overall mortality was 29.3% during the follow-up period. Predictors of mortality included lower LVEF (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.8-4.2, p<0.001), elevated NT-proBNP levels (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.0-5.1, p<0.001) and chronic kidney disease (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6-4.0, p=0.002). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant difference in survival rates between patients with LVEF<40% and those with LVEF≥40% (p<0.001).
Conclusions: This study identified several key predictors of mortality in HF patients, including reduced LVEF, elevated NT-proBNP levels and chronic kidney disease. These findings underscore the need for close monitoring and management of these high-risk factors to improve survival outcomes in HF patients
