1,750 research outputs found
Synthesis of Liquid Core–Shell Particles and Solid Patchy Multicomponent Particles by Shearing Liquids Into Complex Particles (SLICE)
No full textWe report a simple method that uses (i) emulsion shearing with oxidation to make core–shell particles, and (ii) emulsion shearing with surface-tension driven phase segregation to synthesize particles with complex surface compositions and morphologies. Subjecting eutectic gallium–indium, a liquid metal, to shear in an acidic carrier fluid we synthesized smooth liquid core–shell particles 6.4 nm to over 10 μm in diameter. Aggregates of these liquid particles can be reconfigured into larger structures using a focused ion beam. Using Field’s metal melts we synthesized homogeneous nanoparticles and solid microparticles with different surface roughness and/or composition through shearing and phase separation. This extension of droplet emulsion technique, SLICE, applies fluidic shear to create micro- and nanoparticles in a tunable, green, and low-cost approach.Reprinted with permission from Tevis, Ian D., Lucas B. Newcomb, and Martin Thuo. "Synthesis of Liquid Core–Shell Particles and Solid Patchy Multicomponent Particles by Shearing Liquids Into Complex Particles (SLICE)." Langmuir 30, no. 47 (2014): 14308-14313, doi:10.1021/la5035118. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society.</p
Atomic Reconstruction of Au Thin Films through Interfacial Strains
No full textInterfaces play a critical thermodynamic role in the existence of multilayer systems. Due to its utility in bridging energetic and compositional differences between distinct species, the formation of interfaces inherently creates internal strain towards bulk atoms due to the reorganization needed to accommodate such interface. We report the effect of scaling interfacial stress due to deposition of different adlayers on a host thin metal film. Intrinsic property differences between host and de-posited metal atoms result in varying degree of composition and energy gradient within the interface. Interfacial stress can increase defects in the host leading to; i) energy dissipation and reorganization to minimize surface energy, ii) increased material strength. We infer that dissipation of interfacial stress induces defect migration, hence bulk and surface atomic reconstruction as captured by the surface roughness and grain size reduction coupled with concomitant increase in material strength.This is a manuscript of the article published as Martin, Andrew, Jiahao Chen, Chuanshen Du, Manish Kumar, Ian D. Tevis, Boyce Chang, Sid Pathak, and Martin M. Thuo. "Atomic Reconstruction of Au Thin Films through Interfacial Strains." Nano Letters 24, no. 6 (2024): 1967-1973. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04412
Dual VP Classes
No full textWe consider the complexity class ACC^1 and related families of arithmetic circuits. We prove a variety of collapse results, showing several settings in which no loss of computational power results if fan-in of gates is severely restricted, as well as presenting a natural class of arithmetic circuits in which no expressive power is lost by severely restricting the algebraic degree of the circuits. These results tend to support a conjecture regarding the computational power of the complexity class VP over finite algebras, and they also highlight the significance of a class of arithmetic circuits that is in some sense dual to VP.Presented at the 40th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS '15).Published as a chapter in: Mathematical foundations of computer science 2015 : 40th International Symposium, MFCS 2015, Milan, Italy, August 24-28, 2015, Proceedings. Part II, as part of the series
Lecture notes in computer science 9235, edited by G.F. Italiano, G. Pighizzini, & D. Sannella (Berlin: Springer, 2015). LNCS 9235 forms part of the LNCS sublibrary Theoretical computer science and general issues.The final publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48054-0Peer reviewed.The later journal article version of this paper is available from the publisher at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00037-016-0146-7 and at http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3ZC8531 (Accepted Manuscript version)
Transforming Power Relationships: Leadership, Risk, and Hope. IHS Political Science Series No. 135, May 2013
No full textChronic communal conflicts resemble the prisoner’s dilemma. Both communities prefer peace to war. But neither trusts the other, viewing the other’s gain as its own loss, so
potentially shared interests often go unrealized.
Achieving positive-sum outcomes from apparently zero-sum struggles requires a kind of riskembracing leadership. To succeed leaders must: a) see power relations as potentially
positive-sum; b) strengthen negotiating adversaries instead of weakening them; and c) demonstrate hope for a positive future and take great personal risks to achieve it.
Such leadership is exemplified by Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk in the South African democratic transition. To illuminate the strategic dilemmas Mandela and de Klerk faced, we examine the work of Robert Axelrod, Thomas Schelling, and Josep Colomer, who highlight important dimensions of the problem but underplay the role of risk-embracing leadership. Finally we discuss leadership successes and failures in the Northern Ireland settlement and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Cold war theology: a controversial religious image of King James VI & I in England and on the Continent in 1603
No full textA former student of James Cameron’s, Ian Hazlett contributes a paper very much in the spirit of his teacher. It considers the afterlife of the King’s (or Negative) Confession, commissioned by James VI of Scotland in 1581 as a clear statement of his Calvinist credentials. By the time he gained the crown of England in 1603 however, his evolving religious views meant it had become a document he sought to distance himself from. Both Protestant and Catholic propagandists and publishers, keen to give a particular picture of the theological sympathies of the new English king, subsequently produced a surprisingly varied selection of versions of the Confession. These sources and what they can tell us about the theology and politics of the day are considered here for the first time in a scholarly study.Publisher PD
Open access self-archiving: An author study
No full textThis, our second author international, cross-disciplinary study on open access had 1296 respondents. Its focus was on self-archiving. Almost half (49%) of the respondent population have self-archived at least one article during the last three years. Use of institutional repositories for this purpose has doubled and usage has increased by almost 60% for subject-based repositories. Self-archiving activity is greatest amongst those who publish the largest number of papers. There is still a substantial proportion of authors unaware of the possibility of providing open access to their work by self-archiving. Of the authors who have not yet self-archived any articles, 71% remain unaware of the option. With 49% of the author population having self-archived in some way, this means that 36% of the total author population (71% of the remaining 51%), has not yet been appraised of this way of providing open access. Authors have frequently expressed reluctance to self-archive because of the perceived time required and possible technical difficulties in carrying out this activity, yet findings here show that only 20% of authors found some degree of difficulty with the first act of depositing an article in a repository, and that this dropped to 9% for subsequent deposits. Another author worry is about infringing agreed copyright agreements with publishers, yet only 10% of authors currently know of the SHERPA/RoMEO list of publisher permissions policies with respect to self-archiving, where clear guidance as to what a publisher permits is provided. Where it is not known if permission is required, however, authors are not seeking it and are self-archiving without it. Communicating their results to peers remains the primary reason for scholars publishing their work; in other words,
researchers publish to have an impact on their field. The vast majority of authors (81%) would willingly comply with a mandate from their employer or research funder to deposit copies of their articles in an institutional or subject-based repository. A further 13% would comply reluctantly; 5% would not comply with such a mandate
URI Disambiguation in the Context of Linked Data
No full textThe Linked Data initiative has given rise to an increasing number of RDF datasets, many of which are freely accessible online. These resources often arise as a result of database exports; however sufficient consideration may not be given to the unseen implications caused when they are used in the wider context of the Semantic Web. This paper investigates two popular resources, DBLP and DBpedia, and discusses whether the issues regarding identity management and co-reference resolution have been suitably addressed. We find that a large percentage of authors in DBLP have been conflated, and that disambiguation pages have been incorrectly linked using owl:sameAs within DBpedia. Systems for dealing with these issues are presented, and directions are given for future research
Ian Fredericks in interview: ideas of an Australian spatial synthesis and mixed media innovator
No full textIan Fredericks played a prominent role in the development of Australian electronic music and mixed media composition
from the mid 1970s until 2001. His work in establishing both the SEUSS electronic music studio at Sydney University
and the subsequent founding of the computer music and audio-visual composition and performance group watt with
Martin Wesley-Smith in 1976, paved the way for the generations of artists that have since explored this field. The
author presents lightly edited excerpts from the last interview with Ian Fredericks before his passing on 15 March
2001.</jats:p
Assembled Monolayers Depends upon the Roughness of the Substrate and the Orientation of the Terminal Moiety
No full textThe origin of the odd even effect in properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and/or technologies derived from them is poorly understood. We report that hydrophobicity and, hence, surface wetting of SAMs are dominated by the nature of the substrate (surface roughness and identity) and SAM tilt angle, which influences surface dipoles/orientation of the terminal moiety. We measured static contact angles (theta(s)) made by water droplets on n-alkanethiolate SAMs with an odd (SAM(O)) or even (SAM(E)) number of carbons (average theta(s) range of 105.8-112.1 degrees). When SAMs were fabricated on smooth "template-stripped" metal (M-TS) surfaces [root-mean-square (rms) roughness = 0.36 +/- 0.01 nm for Au-TS and 0.60 +/- 0.04 nm for Ag-TS], the odd-even effect, characterized by a zigzag oscillation in values of theta(s), was observed. We, however, did not observe the same effect with rougher "as-deposited" (M-AD) surfaces (rms roughness = 2.27 +/- 0.16 nm for Au-AD and 5.13 +/- 0.22 nm for Ag-AD). The odd-even effect in hydrophobicity inverts when the substrate changes from Au-TS (higher theta(s) for SAM(E) than SAM(O), with average Delta theta(s) (vertical bar n - (n + 1)vertical bar) approximate to 3 degrees) to Ag-TS (higher theta(s) for SAM(O) than SAM(E), with average Delta theta(s) (vertical bar n - (n + 1)vertical bar) approximate to 2 degrees). A comparison of hydrophobicity across Ag-TS and Au-TS showed a statistically significant difference (Student's t test) between SAM(E) (Delta theta(s) (vertical bar Ag evens - Au evens vertical bar) approximate to 5 degrees; P 0.1). From these results, we deduce that the roughness of the metal substrate (from comparison of M-AD versus M-TS) and orientation of the terminal -CH2CH3 (by comparing SAM(E) and SAM(O) on Au-TS versus Ag-TS) play major roles in the hydrophobicity and, by extension, general wetting properties of n-alkanethiolate SAMs.Reprinted with permission from Newcomb, Lucas B., Ian D. Tevis, Manza BJ Atkinson, Symon M. Gathiaka, Rafael E. Luna, and Martin Thuo. "Odd–even effect in the hydrophobicity of n-alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers depends upon the roughness of the substrate and the orientation of the terminal moiety." Langmuir 30, no. 40 (2014): 11985-11992, doi:10.1021/la5032569. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society.</p
The impact of a child's death; An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis undertaken with five head teachers
No full textAbstract
This research explores with five head teachers their views and experiences of a period when a child was terminally ill and subsequently died when in their school community.
The participants were selected purposively from Derbyshire head teachers who had experienced the death of a pupil in their school community. After interviewing the participants using a semi-structured interview schedule the transcribed interviews provided the data for the research.
The interviews were analysed, using the methodology of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, to explore the experiences of each of the participants. Three superordinate themes were identified which were;
Emotions and their management
Interactions with the bereaved family
Interaction with the school community
Additionally, an overarching theme of Elevation was identified.
Each theme is presented and illustrated with abstracts taken from the original data. This is accompanied by interpretation which is also discussed and compared with knowledge from the existing literature.
The research has illustrated the complications that exist for head teachers in managing their emotions and the possibility of these emotions intruding on their personal and family life. It has illustrated the way in which the relationship between the head teacher and the bereaved family changes and how it changes their interactions within the school community.
This research led to the consideration of the influence of the cultural expectation enshrined in the saying, 'De mortuis nil nisi bonum dicendum est' (Of the dead, nothing unless good). Also considered is the behavioural derivative of this saying and how it shapes the responses that head teachers make when managing a school community when a child has died. It also led to the consideration of the implications of the research findings for any support professionals who help schools
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