117,513 research outputs found
Assessment of growth factors, cytokines, and cellular markers in saliva of patients with trigeminal neuralgia
No full textWe proposed to perform a comparative analysis of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokine receptors on the salivary cells in the saliva obtained from trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and normal subjects. Saliva was collected from TN and healthy subjects. Salivary cells were isolated by centrifugation. The expression of the cell surface marker was analyzed by flow cytometry. A cytometric bead array was done to measure the levels of cytokines and growth factors on the flow cytometer. Saliva from TN subjects showed lower growth factor levels of Angiopoietin-2, bFGF, HGF, SCF, TGF-α, and VEGF and higher cytokine levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, IL-17A, IL-6, and CXCL8, as well as higher expression levels of chemokine receptors CCR1 (CD191), CR3 (CD11b), CCR2 (CD192), CXCR5 (CD185), and CCR5 (CD196) in the cells from TN saliva. A certain set of cytokines and growth factors in the saliva, as well as chemokine receptors on salivary cells, could be a useful tool in the diagnostics and prognostics of trigeminal neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the significant pathological conditions in the class of chronic diseases around the world. Many targeted approaches are being tried by various research groups to utilize the information of the inflammatory microenvironment to resolve the pathology of chronic TN
Cyclic fatigue of Reciproc and WaveOne reciprocating instruments
No full textPlotino G, Grande NM, Testarelli L, Gambarini G. Cyclic fatigue of Reciproc and WaveOne reciprocating instruments. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 614618, 2012. Abstract Aim To evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc (R) and WaveOne (R) instruments in simulated root canals. Methodology Two groups of 15 NiTi endodontic instruments of identical tip size of 0.25 mm were tested, group A; Reciproc (R) R25 and group B: WaveOne (R) primary. Cyclic fatigue testing was performed in a stainless steel artificial canal manufactured by reproducing the instruments size and taper. A simulated root canal with a 60 degrees angle of curvature and 5-mm radius of curvature was constructed for both the instruments tested. The centre of the curvature was 5 mm from the tip of the instrument and the curved segment of the canal was approximately 5 mm in length. The Reciproc (R) instruments were activated using the preset programme specific for the Reciproc (R) instruments, whilst the WaveOne (R) instruments were activated using the preset programme specific for the WaveOne (R) instruments. All instruments were rotated until fracture occurred and the time to fracture (TtF) and the length of the fractured tip were recorded and registered. Means and standard deviations of TtF and fragment length were calculated for each system and data were subjected to Students t-test (P 0.05) in the mean length of the fractured fragments between the instruments. Conclusions Reciproc (R) instruments were associated with a significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than WaveOne (R) instruments
Use of xenogenic collagen matrices in peri-implant soft tissue volume augmentation: a critical review on the current evidence and new technique presentation
No full textPlastic peri-implant surgical procedures aiming to increase soft tissue volume around dental implants have long been well-described. These are represented by: pedicle soft tissue grafts (rotational flap procedures and advanced flap procedures) and free soft tissue grafts (epithelialized, also called free gingival graft (FGG), and non-epithelialized, also called, connective tissue graft (CTG) or a combination of both. To bypass the drawback connected with autologous grafts harvesting, xenogenic collagen matrices (XCM)s and collagen-based matrices derived from porcine dermis (PDXCM)s have been introduced, as an alternative, in plastic peri-implant procedures. Aim: This review is aimed to evaluate and to critically analyze the available evidence on the effectiveness of XCMs and PDXCMs in soft tissue volume augmentation around dental implants. Moreover, a clinical case with a new soft tissue grafting procedure technique (Guided Soft Tissue Regeneration, GSTR) is presented. Material and Methods: An electronic search was performed on the MEDLINE database, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The electronic search provided a total of 133 articles. One hundred and twenty-eight not meeting the inclusion criteria were excluded. Seven articles of human randomized clinical trials were selected. A total number of 108 patients were treated with CTG, and 110 patients with XCM. Results: in peri-implant soft tissue augmentation procedures, XCMs seem an effective alternative to CTGs, associated with lower patient morbidity and lower operative times
Endodontic orthograde retreatments: challenges and solutions
No full textEndodontic orthograde retreatments are considered one of the possible treatment options in case of post-treatment diseases considering the promising results present in the literature. Despite this, a plethora of articles have been published on this topic, and drawing conclusions could be challenging. For this reason, this review aims to summarize the crucial points on each aspect of nonsurgical endodontic retreatments, discussing and comparing the current protocols, techniques, materials, and indications. Taking into consideration data from the literature, in terms of diagnosis, CBCT should be considered the first choice, since it can thoroughly affect the diagnosis and treatment plan. Regarding the procedural phases, some conclusions can be drawn: when present, coronal restoration materials such as crowns, partial prostheses, post, and core should be removed; the use of magnification devices, ultrasonic instruments, and an in-depth interpretation of radiographic images with both 2D and 3D images are strongly recommended during the orifice location; additional protocols such as irrigants activation, ultrasonic cleaning, and rotary or reciprocating instrumentation of treated canals are strongly recommended for filling materials removal and to achieve a high-quality chemo-mechanical disinfection; perforations should be treated as soon as possible, and the material of choice to treat them is the MTA or other calcium-silicate-based repair materials; the presence of ledges does not intrinsically reduce the success rate of RCRts if properly managed; in case of instrument fragments, their removal should be considered as the first treatment option, however many variables should be considered to select the proper technique or consider the option of bypassing
Inflammatory periimplant diseases and the periodontal connection question
No full textImplant therapy has become a widespread reality in modern dentistry. Nevertheless, dental implants can fail due to different causes, among which inflammatory peri-implant diseases (IPDs) are a major challenge, with prevalences that are much higher than previously believed. Specific searches were undertaken for each question raised between October and November 2017, in the PubMed website database (US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, United States). Only articles written in English and published from 2007 onward were considered initially. The following keywords were used in the searches periimplantitis (PI), periimplant mucositis (PM), dental implant failure, periimplant microbiota, periodontal microbiota, implant failure (no temporal limit), and foreign body reaction (no temporal limit). The selection process resulted in the selection of 239 articles that were analyzed in detail in elaborating this review. The reference list was limited to the 47 most relevant articles due to editorial limits of this Journal. Intrinsic differences between natural teeth and dental implants are able to give rise to inflammatory diseases that share only minor and scarcely relevant characters, and would consequently deserve different and specifically designed instruments and strategies, for both diagnosis and therapy
The challenge of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in dentistry.
No full textSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is caused by a newly identified coronavirus, called SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that appears to be transmitted primarily through droplets of saliva. This is the reason why the most important international organizations recommend that the dentists adopt a unique preventive approach to the problem: SARS patients should not be treated in the dental office. This is possible only if a suspected case of SARS is correctly and promptly identified. But a correct identification is made difficult by several factors, such as the incubation period, a possibly asymptomatic onset of the illness, the still low specificity and sensitivity of laboratory and instrumental tests. A case or suspected case of SARS may thus unwillingly be treated at the dental office. It is therefore necessary to adopt protective measures for the dental personnel and to implement and enforce infection control measures in order to eliminate the risk of viral contamination. Nonetheless, these procedures do not ensure a complete elimination of SARS-CoV contamination risk since a major risk is represented by blood-borne infection, which is originated by the mouth of patients, and the contamination of dental units water lines (DUWLs) is most difficult to control. Blood-borne contamination may be achieved only by adopting a high level, between-patients disinfection protocol of the DUWLs based on the use of chemical agents with biocidal activity against spores, viruses, bacteria and fungi (Autosteril method). In conclusion a fully effective control of the cross-infection risk will be obtained only by adopting a correct, integrated use of different infection control procedures
Features of peri-implantitis associated with luting cement extrusion: a histopathologic report in humans
No full textOBJECTIVE: To describe and illustrate the histologic characteristics of luting cement-induced peri-implantitis in the posterior maxilla of a 56-year-old man. CASE PRESENTATION: A dental implant inserted 6 years previously in the maxillary left first premolar region revealed pus and swelling. A periapical radiograph showed severe bone loss around the dental implant, and the presence of surrounding residual particles of luting cement. The implant was removed with its adjacent tissues. The harvested implant was fixed in formaldehyde solution (formalin). A 4-mm fragment of soft tissue and a 6-mm fragment of bone were cut from the implant specimen and submitted for routine processing of hematoxylin-eosin (h&e) slides for histologic analysis. The implant specimen was processed and embedded in glycol methacrylate resin and ground to a thickness of 50 μm for histologic examination. RESULTS: The microscopic examination of the h&e slides showed connective tissue with an inflammatory infiltrate composed of histiocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. There was a fragment of viable bone integrated with the bone graft material. The bone showed evidence of active resorption by osteoclasts in Howship lacunae. The implant sections showed trabecular bone with lamellar structure in the apical portion. Foreign body, compatible with luting cement, was present in the coronal portion, adjacent to the threads of the implant, as well as osteoclasts in Howship lacunae. CONCLUSION: This report, documenting a case of peri-implantitis associated with excess cement extrusion, revealed that that the bone loss was associated with an inflammatory infiltrate. Additional studies focusing on the histopathologic characteristics of peri-implantitis could help to increase the knowledge of peri-implant disease to shed light on prevention and treatment
Infection through sprays in medical devices for dentistry. A controllable epidemiological impact.
No full textThe risk of infections via dental sprays has been confirmed once again by the detection, inside dental unit waterlines, of bacterial and viral contaminations, both from water supplies and from the oral cavity of patients. Conventional means of prevention, flushing of the ducts before any dental treatment and anti-retraction devices intended to avoid contamination originating from the patient, evaluated in laboratory and clinical conditions, have been shown to be ineffective in controlling the risk. Tests carried out in vitro, with circuit models, and with the dental unit in service, have confirmed the efficacy of a method to disinfect the waterlines with a disinfecting solution based on TAED and Peroxidant, which in aqueous solution develop peracetic ions (Autosteril method). Zero bacterial count, zero viral charge and a complete biofilm demolition were achieved both in lab conditions and in service units. After hygienic treatment, the same disinfection method, once installed on old units that had been in service for years and without any hygienic device, allowed us to restore and to maintain the microbiological quality of the irrigant also in dental units of old design, and significantly reduced biofilm formation inside the waterlines. Therefore, on the basis of scientific findings, a microbiologic monitoring protocol is proposed in order to verify the hygienic conditions of units which are in service
- …
