33 research outputs found
Enhancing the marketability of U.S. cotton through fiber length distribution improvement
No full textThe High Volume Instrument (HVI) is the most commonly used tool to assess the properties of cotton fibers. Within sample variation in fiber length is an important trait throughout many textile processing steps. The HVI currently reports two length parameters, upper half mean length (UHML) and uniformity index (UI). The UI is the ratio of mean length (ML) to the UHML expressed as a percentage. UHML and ML are extracted from the fibrogram. These parameters are used in the current U.S. cotton classification and global cotton marketing systems. The two values are highly correlated and characterize only the longer fibers in a sample. The fibrogram holds more descriptive information than the two measurements provided by the HVI. However, limited information is available about the stability and repeatability of the fibrogram measurement. This dissertation was designed to investigate the stability of the fibrogram, assess the reproducibility across multiple instruments, and determine if corrective actions are required. Three different raw cotton sample sets were tested for this three-stage experiment. The obtained results demonstrate that for a given HVI, the entire fibrogram is stable over both short-term and long-term; however, differences among HVIs were observed. The proposed correction procedure effectively reduces the differences among the four HVI lines. In addition, it was hypothesized that by using unexploited length information from fibrograms would result in improved yarn predictions compared to using currently reported HVI length data. For a set of 60 commercial-like samples, models with new length information captured by the fibrogram perform better in predicting yarn quality than the current HVI and AFIS outputs
Analyzing the Effect of Yarn Tension, Weft Yarn Type, and Weft Yarn Density on Thermal Resistance, Thermal Conductivity, and Air Permeability of Plain Woven Fabric
No full text© 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. cc-byUncomfortable feelings during wear highly affect human health, work efficiency, and mental satisfaction. This study evaluated the thermal comfort of woven fabrics made from 16Ne ring and rotor spun weft yarns(x1). The other variables involved are warp tensions (x2) of 1 kilo newton (KN) and 2 kN, weft tensions (x3) of PFT/B- and PFT/B+T, and weft densities (x4) of 14 picks per centimeter (PPC) and 18 PPC. Comfort properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal insulation, and air permeability were measured and analyzed. The fabric produced from rotor-spun weft yarn showed better thermal comfort properties than the fabric made from ring-spun weft yarn. The results of the analysis revealed that when warp and weft yarn tension increased and weft density decreased, thermal conductivity and air permeability also increased. However, thermal insulation of the fabric decreased as yarn tension increased. On the other hand, as the weft density increased, the thermal insulation of the fabric increased. Air permeability increased as weft tension increased from PFT/B- to PFT/B+T and it decreased as weft density increased from 14 PPC to 18PPC. The maximum thermal conductivity and minimum thermal resistance were attained at 14 PPC weft density and ring-spun weft yarn
Development of antimicrobial textiles using zinc pyrithione
No full text
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to establish a suitable procedure for producing antimicrobial 100 per cent cotton textiles using zinc pyrithione. Zinc pyrithione being bacteriostatic in nature is eco-friendly and safe, both for manufacturer to apply and consumer to use.
Design/methodology/approach
After conducting laboratory trials, bulk trial has also been conducted, and efficacy of zinc pyrithione as bacteriostatic has been quantitatively determined. The durability of antimicrobial finish was also checked before and after repeated domestic laundry.
Findings
The findings indicated that it is possible to produce durable antimicrobial 100 per cent cotton textiles in bulk using zinc pyrithione.
Research limitations/implications
Any exporting textile processing mill can directly use the findings of this work and can produce antimicrobial textiles in their factory.
Practical implications
Any exporting textile mill can increase their export earnings by producing antimicrobial textiles. The antimicrobial textiles are in great demand in Asia-Pacific region and have already touched exports of US1,076.1m by 2026.
Social implications
The textile user can get protection against pathogenic or odour-causing microorganisms using this hygiene finish in different end uses.
Originality/value
The work is original. Very few references are available on zinc pyrithione. First, laboratory studies were done, and bacteriostatic properties of zinc pyrithione were determined quantitatively followed by bulk trial.
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The study of twist loss of rotor spun weft yarns in air jet loom and its effect on fabric properties
No full textThe efficiency of air jet weaving machines and fabric properties are influenced by weft yarn twist and this greatly affects physical and mechanical properties of woven fabrics. Most studies conferred the weft yarn twist affects the physical, mechanical and comfort fabric properties but they did not consider the twist loss of rotor spun weft yarn during air jet weft insertion. Fabric samples were produced from 30tex, 37tex and 59tex rotor spun weft yarns by changing air pressure in an air jet weaving machine. Physical and mechanical properties were investigated by using different testing equipment according to ASTM standards (ASTMD 5035-95, ASTMD 1424-96, ASTMD 1777, ASTMD 1422-99 and ASTMD 737-04). The result shows that the weft yarns have significance twist loss at 95% confidence level and twist loss on the right side of the fabric is higher than the left side. The twist loss percentage of weft yarns varied with weft count and air pressure, for example, the twist loss percentage of 30 tex, 37 tex, and 59 tex yarns was 6.63 %, 5.74% and 4.44% respectively with same air pressure. The twist loss of weft yarns during air jet weft insertion significantly affects fabric thickness, tensile strength, and air permeability though other fabric property like tear strength did not show significance change
Development of shrink resistance cotton using fluorocarbon
No full textAbstract An attempt has been made to develop shrink resistance cotton textile by making it hydrophobic. The cotton fabric was made hydrophobic by treating with fluorocarbon resin emulsion at varying concentrations along with catalyst. The hydrophobicity was measured by carrying out water repellency test and also determining the water contact angle. The air permeability of cotton fabric was also determined and was not adversely affected. The untreated and treated cotton fabric was subjected to repeated domestic laundry condition and shrinkage was measured. In order to determine the impact of fluorocarbon treatment on fabric, the physical properties of treated and untreated cotton fabrics were compared. No adverse impact was observed in colour fastness properties. The tensile and tear strength showed good retention even at higher concentration of water repellent chemicals. This work finds wide use in home textiles and hotel industry. This work is of industrial interest as value added shrink resistance cotton textiles can fetch more export earnings
Use of Span Lengths Extracted from the HVI Fibrogram to Predict Yarn Quality
No full textCotton fiber properties play a significant role in determining the quality of yarns and fabrics. Information on fiber length distribution is crucial throughout many textile processing steps to transform fibers into yarn. The current High Volume Instrument (HVI) provides only two traditional length parameters, the upper half mean length (UHML) and uniformity index (UI). The UI is the mean length (ML) divided by the UHML expressed as a percentage. Both UHML and ML are extracted from the fibrogram, are highly correlated, and characterize only the longer fibers in a sample. Yet, the whole fibrogram contains more descriptive information than the two length measurements provided by the HVI. In addition, the fibrogram is a stable measurement on an HVI, and differences in fibrogram measurements across instruments can be reduced using a recently proposed calibration method. However, the use of the complete fibrogram by the textile industry is complicated and almost impossible in practice. This study aimed to investigate a simplified method to identify key span lengths extracted from the HVI fibrogram that can improve yarn prediction compared to the current method. The results obtained from a set of 60 commercial-like samples covering a wide range of length parameters are promising
An Approach for Obtaining Stable, Reproducible, and Accurate Fibrogram Measurements from High Volume Instruments
No full textFiber length is a crucial property throughout many textile processing steps. The high volume instrument (HVI) is the most commonly used tool to assess the properties of cotton fibers. The HVI currently reports two length parameters, the upper-half mean length (UHML) and uniformity index (UI). The UI is the ratio of mean length (ML) to the UHML expressed as a percentage. UHML and ML are extracted from the fibrogram. These parameters are used in the current U.S. cotton classification and global cotton marketing systems. The two values are highly correlated and characterize only the longer fibers in a sample. The fibrogram holds more descriptive information than the two measurements provided by the HVI. However, limited information is available about the stability and repeatability of the fibrogram measurement. This study aims to investigate the stability of the fibrogram, assess the reproducibility across multiple instruments, and determine if corrective actions are required. Three different raw cotton sample sets were tested for this three-stage experiment. The obtained results demonstrate that for a given HVI, the entire fibrogram is stable over both the short term and long term; however, differences among HVIs were observed. The proposed correction procedure effectively reduces the differences among the four HVI lines
Evaluating the Comfort Properties of Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics
No full textIn today’s textile industry, the comfort of a fabric often preponderates its importance in price. The concept of “fabric handle” - the tactile sensation experienced when touching a fabric – plays a crucial role in shaping consumer perceptions and product functionality. This fact greatly influences consumer perceptions of fabric quality during shopping and affects the functionality of textile products in everyday use. This study aimed to explore the comfort properties by using 10 different samples of knitted fabric. Ten single-knit jersey fabrics covering a wider range of commercial uses were used to objectively evaluate the fabric hand properties. The Kawabata evaluation system assessed the mechanical properties, including tensile strength and shearing resistance, bending rigidity, compressional performance, and surface characteristics determining fabric comfort. The material composition has been shown to affect the functional characteristics of fabrics to comply with consumer needs and preferences
Application of the Optical Fiber Diameter Analyzer for Assessing Cotton Fiber Ribbon Width
No full text© 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. cc-byExisting methods for measuring fineness are time-consuming, tedious, and impractical to evaluate many samples. For this reason, the Textile Industry has sought a rapid, accurate, and reliable instrument to determine fiber fineness. Recently, the Optical Fiber Diameter Analyzer (OFDA) was introduced for rapid and precise evaluation of the diameter of different types of fibers. In this study, the OFDA was evaluated for measuring the ribbon width of cotton fiber snippets. One hundred and four carded cotton samples covering a wide range of fiber properties were selected and tested with nine replications per sample. The repeatability of the OFDA diameter measurement was confirmed. Comparisons with the data (cross-sections, AFIS, and Cottonscope) obtained from previous studies on the 104 samples were used to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. The relationship between ribbon widths measured by Cottonscope and OFDA was found to be weak. Yet, there is a strong correlation between OFDA ribbon width and AFIS standard fineness. We hypothesize that the poor relationship between the Cottonscope and the OFDA is related to the medium in which the measurements are performed. The results are stable and provide measurements closely related to AFIS standard fineness, a trusted measurement within the Textile Industry
Analysis of Short Fiber Measurements Calculated from the Length Distribution from an HVI Fibrogram
No full textCotton fiber length is one of the most important fiber quality attributes, as it has a direct impact on the quality of spun yarn. Of particular interest is information regarding the shorter fibers in the sample, as research has shown that shorter fibers adversely affect yarn quality. In a previous work, some authors proposed a method whereby a complete fiber length distribution can be calculated from the fibrogram produced by the USTER High Volume Instrument (HVI). In this paper, we perform an exploratory analysis on a large set of over 5,000 samples, focusing on short fiber measurements provided by the new method of reconstructing the fiber length distribution from the HVI fibrogram. Overall, the results demonstrate that the short fiber measurements based on the reconstructed distributions of HVI fibrograms reveal structure in the data not present in other short fiber measurements from the HVI or the USTER Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS). Additionally, we show that the new fibrogram-based measurements can detect fiber breakage that occurs as a result of AFIS testing. In short, the results indicate that the length measurements based on the new method offer an improvement over the existing measurement techniques
