1,720,998 research outputs found
Image processing and fe model of C1-C2
No full textIn recent years, finite element analysis and methods has been used in biomedical research in aiding medical personnel better understand the behaviour and effects of biomechanical response of a specific structure.
In this report, the author constructed an accurate finite element (FE) model for cervical vertebrae sections 1 and 2 (C1 & C2) from computerised topology (CT) scans of a patient and validated the results against past research papers.
The construction of C1 & C2 FE model starts with image processing using ScanIP 3.2 software to obtain keypoints and lines of C1 & C2. The area and volume construction using the output of keypoints and lines were done using Ansys 16.2. After volume construction, meshing of the structure was then carried out. Validation by stress analysis and dimensional analysis were performed by referencing past research papers by strictly following the material properties, boundary conditions and force applied.Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical Engineering
Strategies for promoting active learning in classes
No full textIn tertiary education, knowledge is imparted by the traditional "fifty-minute" lectures. The teacher, as well as facilitator, has an important role to play. To ensure that the students master specialized knowledge and skill in their respective field of study; to encourage students to develop skills of problem-solving, critical and innovative thinking, and the ability to reason, evaluate and apply the knowledge; and to act as a professional role model by demonstrating an awareness of current knowledge, skills and expertise in particular areas of specialization and exhibiting an enthusiasm of lifelong learning. An appropriate students' learning strategies are proposed to match the course objectives, developing students' communication and interpersonal skills through the use of cooperative learning strategy. The subject of discussion is based on the First Year Common Engineering Laboratory & Workshop (L&W) course in the School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, NTU.The current practices of instructing and learning outcomes of the laboratory class did not serve the purposes well. Noticeable passive learning attitudes of students even in the open friendly laboratory environment were obvious. It was found that, from the surveys of the learning and studying strategy on the current 1st Year Part-time B.Eng (ME) students and those carried out by previous PGDipTHE participants using Bigg's Study Process Questionnaire, the majority of our students are surface learners. There is indeed a need to re-evaluate our attitudinal and conceptual perceptions towards the learning process and adjust our teaching strategies, particularly in small classes such as tutorial or experiment/project classes.Due to time constraint and heavy workload for students, the proposed strategies for promoting active learning in the L&W class was not implemented presently. It was suggested that action research be carried out in the coming semester to prove its effectiveness and practicality.Finally, some personal reflections and comments on the project are summarized
FEA of disc L2-L3 spine segment on age-related clinical problems
No full textThis project models the disc body segment L2 and L3 to study the effect of osteoporosis and disc degeneration that effect the state of stress in the disc body. To account for stiffness effect due to posterior element, the Young’s modulus (E) was increased at the posterior region.Master of Science (Biomedical Engineering
Imaging processing and finite element modeling of C7 – T1 segment
No full textThis report gives an overview of the method used for imaging processing from Computerized Tomography (CT) scan to develop a Finite Element model for analysis.
There are explanations of Simpleware’s ScanIP imaging processing software of features and technique to reconstruct an accurate geometrical Spinal Segment from CT scan image and thus developing a finite element model after exporting the model from ScanIP.
Literature review is conducted to retrieve valuable information materials and methods used to compare and contrast three-dimensional model with.
Validation is done with published journal to ensure the accuracy of construct model, so that reconstructing method can be adopt by others for future project or studies.
This report concludes the different in Rotation of Motion between C7 – T1 & C6 – C7 due to translation zone and the angulations of facets are different for smooth transition of C7 to T1.Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical Engineering
Finite element modelling and analysis of C7-T2
No full textFinite element methods have been recognised to be a much suitable way for carrying out dimensional and stress analysis, rather than In vivo methods, which are invasive and expensive. Being non-experimental meant that spinal injuries can be avoided, given the more extensive information on spinal behaviour and injury mechanisms. This report covers the constructed finite element models (FEM) for cervical vertebra section 7 (C7) and thoracic vertebrae sections 1 (T1) and 2 (T2), of a given patient. With the aid of ANSYS 16.2, area and volume creation of C7, T1 and T2 were done using the key points and lines from the IGES files. After which, meshing of the structures were generated. The results were then validated against past research papers by adhering to the material properties, boundary conditions and applied force. This report determines the difference in Rotation of Motion between C7-T2 due to translation zone and the angulations of facets being different for smooth transition of C7-T1.Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical Engineering
Finite element investigation on the stress distribution and load transfer of cervical spinal motion segments after different stages of physiotherapy
No full textThe purpose of this project is to study the finite element investigation of stress experienced on neck after physiotherapy. X-ray images of day 1, day 7, day 16 and day 21 after physiotherapy were obtained to analyse the progression of the physiotherapy session.
ScanIP and Ansys were used to process the X-ray images and to carry out analysis respectively. Also, four different criterions were used to simulate human's neck motion which are compression, tension, flexion and extension.
Force concentration and Von Mises Stress of the intervertebral disc and facet joint between C2 to C7 were collected. The result showed that there is significant force and Von Mises stress acting on the first level of intervertebral disc and facet joint which are held between C2 and C3 vertebrae.
Overall, the analysis showed positive result on the first level of intervertebral disc and facet joint. It can be seen that the force concentration and Von Mises stress were reduced at this region while distributing the force and stress to other part of the neck as the day past. The result also showed significant stress acting on the facet joint for flexion and extension criterion.
In conclusion, finite element analysis could be performed to analyse the cervical spine structure. It could help physiotherapist to monitor the conditions of the spine and advise necessary precaution.Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical Engineering
Kinematic responses of vehicular passenger duri (with and without restraint of various types)
No full textAs the number of vehicles on the road increases, the number of road related injuries and deaths rises as well. Therefore, it is of significance to understand the types of deadly injuries that can happen to road users as a result of road traffic accidents. The project entails the use of simulation software, Articulated Total Body (ATB) which allows the user to predict the kinematic responses and impacts to the occupant due to a vehicle collision by modeling dynamically the different segments of the body seated in a vehicle initially.
This project covers different models and compared the effect of 2 types of collision and 5 types of safety belts. The 2 types of collision are front and rear collision while the 5 types of belts are no belt, cross (4 point) belt, lap belt, sash belt, and the sash and lap (3 point) belt. All these models were simulated using a 145lb (67kg) and 68in (1.7m) adult human male. These simulations were run with a sled impact of vehicle with maximum acceleration of 9.42G. The linear and angular position, velocity and acceleration, joints forces and torques and the Head Injury Criteria (HIC) are outputted from the simulations and compared against each other.
It was observed that the seat belt which is able to restrain the upper body as well as the lower body onto the seat is a better choice as safety belt. The cross belt and sash and lap belt are able to satisfy this and thus produced the best results in the simulations in terms of the motions, forces and HIC values.Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical Engineering
Finite element study on the biomechanics of the human knee joint causing ligament rupture
No full textThe knee is physically the biggest hinge joint in the human body. It is known to be one of the most commonly injured joints of the body and is ranked amongst the top most common sports injuries incurred by athletes. Despite this fact, not much research and study has been done via finite element analysis with regards to the knee joint.
In this report, the student will attempt to understand and compare the results collected through the specific use of the finite element studies and the literature reviews. Forces experienced by various ligaments are being analyzed when an anterior drawer force of 200N is applied on a three dimensional (3-D) model of the knee with all ligaments at full extension. Analyses were conducted with the tibia and fibula completely constrained. The femur was thus allowed to translate in anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and proximal-distal directions. By and large, the results obtained, compares favorably with the literature studies.
This report includes the relevant literature reviews, methods and results of the finite element study.Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical Engineering
Parametric study of coronary stents using finite element method
No full textThis thesis consists of 2 parts. -Part A-. The objective of this research initiative is to examine the design parameters affecting the mechanical and clinical performance of the coronary stent. Firstly, it aims to study the design parameters of the coronary stent affecting its mechanical performance through quantification of the hoop stiffness, intrinsic elastic recoil and foreshortening. Secondly, it aims to characterize the manner in which coronary stent expands in arteries by quantifying the stress it imposes on the artery surface.Master of Engineering (MAE
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