1,721,085 research outputs found
Special Issue “Current Concept and Emerging Treatments in Oral Diseases”
Full text linkThe attention of scientific research has grown in recent years on how to achieve more early and accurate diagnosis of oral diseases, and to carry out more efficient management of them [...
Niente di nuovo sul fronte Tv
No full textL'offerta di comunicazione politica in tv nell'Italia del 2008, tra (poca) innovazione e (molta) tradizione.Political communication on television in the Italy of 2008, including (little) innovation and (lots of) tradition
Abscisic acid identification in Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench): perspective nutraceutical use for the treatment of diabetes
No full textOkra, Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench), also known as Lady's Fingers, gombo, or bamje, is an annual plant belonging to the Malvaceae family. Traditional olistic medicine since centuries directly associates this plant and its parts to a beneficial health hypoglycemic effect. Since the abscisic acid (ABA) has been associated to an interesting hypoglycemic effect, this triggered us to verify and quantify the presence of the abscisic acid in the okra phytocomplex. In particular, ABA, a plant derived hormone, has been proven by recent studies to be effective on mammals. To determine and quantify the ABA content, different parts of the Okra plant extracts have been evaluated, and HPLC-DAD analysis has been used allowing us to report for the first time the presence of this isoprenoid compound. Bioaccessibility has been also investigated using a simulated gastro intestinal (GI) digestion protocol with the aim of explore the possibility of okra extract as nutraceutical
La patologia orale nel paziente pediatrico. The oral pathology of the pediatric patient
No full textOBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper is to de-scribe and investigate the diag-nostic and clinical aspects of oral diseases that are very common during the paediatric age. They may concern soft tissues, hard dental and bone tissues and may be oral manifestations of systemic diseases. Oral pathologist must be aware of these diseases, some of which must be intercepted early, to be able to implement a timely and decisive treatment plan or send the patient to an ultra-specialist fa-cility that deals with oral pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS During the paediatric periods, the patients may be affected by several oral lesions. Firstly the simplest congenital lesions, that frequently concern very much the patients themselves and their parents. In many cases it is sufficient to recog-nize the pathology assisting the patients only in the management of their consequence, as in the case of the geographic tongue, or the fis-sured tongue, both clinical situation that expose the patients to mucosal superinfections, by bacteria or yeasts, and that for this reason need a special care by the patient to avoid the onset of such a problem. Children are also frequently affected by infectious diseases. In this compound, there are many situations in which the oral manifestations can precede the systemic diffusion of the infection, as in the case of the Koplik’s spots in the Measles or the strawberry tongue in the scarlatina, their knowledge and early interception is fundamental to avoid the epidemic diffusion of these pathologies keeping away the patient from school, pro-tecting also the other children from suffering of the same disease. Last but surely not least, the pae-diatric patients are also frequently interested by more severe pathol-ogies, such as the neoplasms of the mesenchymal tissues or of the hemopoietic tissues. Whereas the first are extremely destructive and frequently characterized by a very poor prognosis, the latter can be in many cases intercepted in their first phases if the clinicians know that their early manifestation can be localized on the gums, in which abnormal gingival growth and frequent bleedings may suggest the suspicion of such a severe diseases addressing him/her immedi-ately to the specialistic treatment that in many case may lead to the healing, so resulting fundamental in saving lives of the patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS All the aforementioned situations emphasize greatly the importance of a deep knowledge of the oral pa-thologies in paediatric age. It is evident that the great importance of young people health is only one of the questions that must be relevant for the clinicians. It is fundamental to underline once more that the in-tegrity of teeth or dentition are sole-ly one of the targets, and maybe not the most important, that we must pursue when we face and assume the care of these patients. We must consider that we are responsible of the general health and life of our patients and we cannot ignore the importance of a clear diagnosis of the whole conditions of our patients who really put their lives confidently in our hands. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It is evident that, as for adult patients – and for many reasons – even more than in adults patients, It is therefore necessary for the oral pathologist to integrate their action and knowledge with other medical specialists, to implement, where it is possible, a multidisci-plinary management of important clinical cases recovering the principles of the clinical semeiology, the sole that can enhance the health aspiration of the young patients
Olive leaf extract inhibits metastatic melanoma spread through suppression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Full text linkOlive tree leaves are an abundant source of bioactive compounds with several beneficial effects for human health, including a protective role against many types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of an extract, obtained from olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaves (OLE), on proliferation, invasion, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) on metastatic melanoma, the highly aggressive form of skin cancer and the deadliest diseases. Our results demonstrated that OLE inhibited melanoma cells proliferation through cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptotic cell death. Moreover, OLE suppressed the migration, invasion, and colonies formation of human melanoma cells. Similar to our in vitro findings, we demonstrated that the oral administration of OLE inhibited cutaneous tumor growth and lung metastasis formation in vivo by modulating the expression of EMT related factors. In addition, the anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effects of OLE against melanoma were also related to a simultaneous targeting of mitogen-activated protein kinase and PI3K pathways, both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings suggest that OLE has the potential to inhibit the metastatic spread of melanoma cells thanks to its multifaceted mechanistic effects, and may represent a new add-on therapy for the management of metastatic melanoma
Rimozione di fibroma ossificante interincisivo tramite laser a diodi. Inter-incisor ossifying fibroma removal by diode laser
No full textIl caso in esame riguarda una paziente giunta alla nostra osservazione, inviata dal suo odontoiatra di fiducia, per una tumefazione del mascellare superiore. La paziente, di 74 anni e proveniente da Capoverde, è affetta da ipertensione arteriosa in trattamento con diuretici, riferiva un’allergia alle penicilline e affermava di non assumere alcolici e di non utilizzare tabacco.
All’esame clinico si evidenziava la presenza di una lesione esofitica, di circa 1,5 cm di diametro, sessile, con mucosa superficiale eritematosa, di consistenza duro-elastica, in zona interincisiva. Inoltre, si osservava la malposizione degli elementi dentali 1.1 e 2.1, che mantenevano la loro vitalità. La paziente si presentava con una radiografia ortopanoramica, dalla quale non si evidenziavano segni di coinvolgimento osseo del processo alveolare e delle zone limitrofe alla lesione.
La paziente, inoltre, riferiva l’assenza di sintomatologia spontanea ma la presenza di algie provocate da traumatismi durante la fonazione, la masticazione e le manovre di igiene orale, con conseguente sanguinamento della lesione.
Valutati tutti gli elementi, eseguiti gli esami ematochimici di routine e ottenuto il consenso informato all’intervento chirurgico, si programmava una biopsia escissionale tramite laser a diodi 980 nm (Raffaello®, DMT, Lissone MB, Italia). Il giorno dell’intervento si procedeva alla somministrazione di anestetico locale a base di mepivacaina cloridrato senza vasocostrittore, per evitare una riduzione dell’efficacia di taglio del laser a diodi 1 dovuta all’ischemizzazione dei tessuti.
La lesione veniva immobilizzata e trazionata tramite pinza di Allis. Il laser a diodi veniva impostato ai parametri di 2.5 watt di potenza, in modalità di emissione continua, fibra ottica di 320 μm e con una fluenza pari a 1,5 kJ/cm2 e la lesione veniva agevolmente rimossa.
Controllata l’emostasi, non venivano applicati punti di sutura e si lasciava guarire la ferita chirurgica per seconda intenzione.
Per il decorso post-operatorio venivano prescritte applicazioni locali di antisettico a base di clorexidina 0,2% (2 volte/die per 10 gg) e applicazioni locali di gel a base di acido ialuronico (3 volte/die per 15 gg) e paracetamolo 1000 mg al bisogno.
La paziente eseguiva le visite di controllo post-chirurgico dopo 7, 15 e 30 giorni, in cui si osservava la progressiva e completa guarigione del sito chirurgico. La paziente, inoltre, non riferiva né complicanze né sintomatologia dolorosa nel periodo di convalescenza.
L’esame istologico riportava la diagnosi di un’iperplasia fibrosa con presenza di metaplasia ossea, compatibile con il quadro di fibroma ossificante periferico
What is the risk of developing medication-related osteonecrosis in patients with extraction sockets left to heal by secondary intention? A retrospective case series study
No full textPurpose: Tooth and root extractions represent trigger factors for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). The best healing modality for postextraction sockets is still debated. The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence of MRONJ after extractions whose sockets were left to heal by secondary intention. Methods: A retrospective case series study was performed at the Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome. Only patients who underwent nonsurgical extractions, healed by secondary intention, were included in the study. The following parameters were considered: age, sex, pathologies for which bisphosphonates or other drugs related to MRONJ were prescribed, any local or systemic risk factors, type of drug used, route of administration, number of extractions performed, and number of sessions required to complete the extraction program. The main outcome variable was the occurrence of MRONJ. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS statistical software. Results: Two hundred twenty-one patients were treated from 2007 to 2020 with 639 tooth/root extractions. All patients were treated under antibiotic prophylaxis and with anesthesia without vasoconstrictors. No cases of MRONJ occurred. The mean age of patients was 68.02 ± 11.17. Most of the study sample was represented by women (201 = 90.95%) undergoing treatment for osteometabolic pathologies, most frequently postmenopausal osteoporosis. Alendronate was the most frequently prescribed drug, taken mainly orally. Most patients had local and/or systemic risk factors. Each patient had from 1 to 17 tooth/root extractions (mean = 2.87 ± 2.59) during 1 to 4 sessions (mean = 1.41 ± 0.64). Extractions mainly involved single-rooted teeth/roots, equally distributed between the maxilla and mandible. Conclusions: Secondary intention healing after nonsurgical tooth extraction does not seem to predispose to MRONJ. It can be advisable to perform extractions under antibiotic prophylaxis using anesthetics without vasoconstrictors and chlorhexidine mouth rinses in the 7 following days
Olive leaf extract, from olea europaea l., reduces palmitate-induced inflammation via regulation of murine macrophages polarization
No full textOlive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaves are an abundant source of bioactive compounds with several beneficial effects for human health. Recently, the effect of olive leaf extract in obesity has been studied. However, the molecular mechanism in preventing obesity-related inflammation has not been elucidated. Obesity is a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and is associated with an increase of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages infiltration in the adipose tissue. In the current study, we explored Olea europaea L. leaf extract (OLE) anti-inflammatory activity using an in vitro model of obesity-induced inflammation obtained by stimulating murine macrophages RAW 264.7 with high dose of the free fatty acid palmitate. We found that OLE significantly suppressed the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), while it enhanced the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Moreover, we demonstrated that OLE reduced the oxidative stress induced by palmitate in macrophages by regulating the NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)−Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) pathway. Finally, we showed that OLE promoted the shift of M1 macrophage toward less inflammatory M2-cells via the modulation of the associated NF-κB and proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathways. Thereby, our findings shed light on the potential therapeutic feature of OLE in recovering obesity-associated inflammation via regulating M1/M2 status
Le anomalie vascolari dei tessuti molli del cavo orale
No full textObjectives To examine the vascular anomalies most frequently found in dental practice. Vascular anomalies are diseases characterized by functional and/or morpho-structural alterations of various nature, severity and extension which can affect every type of vessel (arterial, venous or lymphatic) of any caliber or anatomical region. Generally they are congenital and benign though they may cause complications such as ulceration, bleeding, superinfection, functional, and/or aesthetic deficit. Materials and methods Currently, the reference classification is the one adopted by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA), which distinguishes vascular or vasoproliferative neoplasms, including hemangiomas, from vascular malformations, these latter being further subdivided into low-flow and high bloodstream malformations. The diagnosis of vascular anomalies can not be separated by pathological history and clinical examination of the patient, even if for a certain diagnosis it is necessary to perform instrumental examinations including the echo color doppler ultrasound, a rapid examination, which is repeatable and devoid of ionizing radiation. The treatment involves different techniques, depending on the type of vascular lesion diagnosed; in particular, laser therapy is the most suitable for low-flow anomalies. This technique presents three different approaches: the excisional biopsy being indicated for suspicious lesions which need a histological examination; the transmucousal thermophotocoagulation (TMT) which involves the use of laser in “no contact” mode; and the intralesional photocoagulation (ILP) which uses the laser fiber inside the lesion and is suitable for deepest vascular anomalies. Results and conclusions . According to recent literature and clinical experience, we can say that vascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of diseases for which treatment is necessary to perform a correct diagnostic clinical-instrumental approach; laser devices, with a wavelength similar to the oxidized hemoglobin, are the gold standard for the treatment of low flow blood abnormalities, both for ease of use and the excellent haemostatic effects
- …
