173,132 research outputs found
TEI P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange
No full textFind more information about the Text Encoding Initative at https://tei-c.orgTEI P5 version 3.3.0 release notesRelease 3.3.0 (code name: Johnny Rotten) of the TEI Guidelines introduces new features and resolves a number of issues raised
by the TEI community. As always, the majority of these changes and corrections are
a consequence of feature requests or bugs reported by the TEI community using the
GitHub tracking system. A full list of the issues resolved in the course of this release
cycle may be found under the 3.3.0 milestone.
Highlights of this release include:
A new attribute class att.linguistic has been introduced. The existing attributes lemma and lemmaRef are now members of the new attribute class, the attributes pos, msd and join were newly introduced. The elements w and pc are members of att.linguistic (#1670).
The form element is now a member of att.typed (#1688).
The gb element is now a member of att.edition (#1677).
The element etym is now a member of att.typed and permits recursive etym elements (#1512).
The elements c, cl, hyph, m, orth, phr, quote, s, seg, stress, syll and w are now members of att.notated, and thus now can have the notation attribute (#1510, #1514, #1734).
remarks is now permitted as a child of valItem if desc is also a child (#1420).
bibl is now permitted in witDetail (#1425).
The content model of affiliation in the jTEI schema has been expanded and allows placeName now (#1692).
A number of content models have been improved, including:
the listRef element (#1674)
the content element (#1719, #1716)
the choice element (#1690)
The explanations and discussions of several features have been improved:
the inconsistent definition of the reason attribute for gap and unclear has been unified (#1729)
the description of the content element has been clarified (#1718), as well as the prose discussing its use for writing content models (#1459)
the description of the move element has been clarified (#1705)
A new Exemplar called tei_customization has been added. It supports writing a TEI
customization by hand (#1349).
The appendices A to E now mention the number of distinct items included in them (#1517).
The macro macro.anyXML is now deprecated (#1585), as anyElement is available.
Dozens of wording improvements and corrections of typographic errors have been made
to the Guidelines.
In addition, many improvements have been made to the XSLT stylesheets (which provide
processing of TEI ODD files for Roma and OxGarage as well as other TEI conversions). The Stylesheets are maintained separately from
the Guidelines and are at https://github.com/TEIC/Stylesheets.
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Date: 2018-01-31released under the
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
Digitale Editionsformen. Zum Umgang mit der Überlieferung unter den Bedingungen des Medienwandels. Teil 3: Textbegriffe und Recodierung. [Preprint-Fassung]
No full textDie wissenschaftliche Edition zielt auf die zuverlässige Wiedergabe des Textes. Aber was ist dieser Text eigentlich? Bei genauerer Betrachtung erlaubt nur ein erweiterter Textbegriff und ein neues pluralistisches Textmodell eine Beschreibung aller textuellen Phänomene, die in einer wissenschaftlichen Edition zu berücksichtigen sind. Auch unsere Technologien und Methodologien der Textcodierung, hier vor allem die Auszeichnungssprachen im Allgemeinen und die Beschreibungsempfehlungen der Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) im Besonderen können unter dieser Schablone genauer beschrieben und hinsichtlich ihrer Grenzen charakterisiert werden. Schließlich erlaubt das pluralistische Textmodell auch die präzisere theoretische Fundierung jener Prozesse, die als "Transkription" Grundlage und Herzstück einer jeden wissenschaftlichen Edition sind
Chemical weed control in processing spinach
No full textProcessing spinach shows a good competitive ability and as a consequence yield losses due to weed competition are commonly low. Physical weed control gives reliable results (Tei et al., 2002) but weed management is still mainly chemical because: 1) the mechanical harvest needs a crop with an erect leaf posture favoured by a narrow row width (0.10 – 0.15 m) and that prevents the use of most post-emergence physical weed control methods; 2) processing industries demand harvested product without weeds, considered as “pollutant bodies” in industrial process. However, there are few herbicides registered for this crop.
For the above mentioned reasons, chemical weed control field experiments on processing spinach were carried out in southern (Foggia, silty-clay soil, mid-October 2001 sowing) and central Italy (Latina, silty-sandy soil, mid-March 2002 sowing) to verify the efficacy and selectivity of authorised herbicides (i.e. lenacil, cycloate) and to evaluate the performance of potential “new” active ingredients (phenmedipham, metamitron, desmedipham) already used in sugar beets. Several different combinations of active ingredients and application timing were evaluated: pre-emergence treatments with lenacil or metolachlor; post-emergence treatments (at 2-4 crop leaf stage) with phenmedipham + lenacil, phenmedipham + desmedipham, phenmedipham + cycloate or phenmedipham + metamitron; pre-emergence application of lenacil or metolachlor followed by post-emergence application of phenmedipham + metamitron, phenmedipham + cycloate, phenmedipham + desmedipham or phenmedipham + quizalofop-ethyl.
The most important weeds were Lolium multiflorum, Fumaria officinalis, Sinapis arvensis, Matricaria chamomilla, Veronica hederifolia in the southern Italy experiment and Chenopodium album, Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Amaranthus retroflexus and V. hederifolia in the central Italy experiment.
Among pre-emergence treatments, metolachlor did not significantly affect the crop while lenacil caused a temporary leaf discoloration. Metamitron and the combination phenmedipham + metamitron applied post-emergence caused a reduction in growth, leaf bleaching and necroses. The other post-emergence treatments showed slight symptoms of phytotoxicity just after the application that disappeared one week later.
Pre-emergence metolachlor controlled L. multiflorum, F. officinalis and V. hederifolia, but showed a low control of S. arvensis; lenacil sufficiently controlled only F. officinalis. Considering the efficacy of post-emergence applications, phenmedipham + lenacil and phenmedipham + metamitron exhibited good control of F. officinalis, but they were only partially effective toward L. multiflorum, S. arvensis, and C. album, and completely ineffective against V. hederifolia. Phenmedipham + desmedipham partially controlled all the weeds, while phenmedipham + cycloate showed a general good efficacy except on L. multiflorum.
The results indicated that a pre-emergence herbicide application with metolachlor followed by a post-emergence treatment with phenmedipham + cycloate or phenmedipham + lenacil was the most suitable chemical weed management.
However, spinach yield was not significantly affected by weed competition and herbicide efficacy but only by phytotoxicity due to post-emergence phemnmedipham + metamitron. Moreover, the presence of weeds, as “pollutant bodies” in harvested product, was always at very low level due to the possibility to regulate the harvest height in relation to crop and weed growth.
Reference
Tei F., Stagnari F. & Granier A. (2002) Preliminary results on physical weed control in processing spinach. 5th EWRS Workshop on Physical Weed Control. Pisa, Italy, 11-13 March 2002, 164-171 (http://www. EWRS-et.org/pwc/pdf/Pisa.pdf)
A born-digital author lexicon for 17th c. French: Sévigné’s case
No full textPreparing an edition of Madame de Sévigné’s correspondance encoded in TEI, we are currently facing two problems. First, while French medievalists have a long experience of establishing lexicons, specialists of 17th c. French literature traditionally do not provide such a study in their editions. Second, we are not aware of any born-digital author lexicon in TEI for (17th c.) French language. We therefore have to tackle two problems at the same time, and create both a scientific methodology, a..
Radial flow in a bounded randomly heterogeneous aquifer with recharge
No full textWe present analytical expressions for leading statistical moments of vertically averaged hydraulic head under steady state flow to a well that pumps water from a bounded, randomly heterogeneous aquifer, in the presence of a random recharge. The natural logarithm Y = ln T of aquifer transmissivity T is modelled as a statistically homogeneous random field with a Gaussian spatial correlation function. Our solution is based on exact nonlocal moment equations for multidimensional steady state flow in bounded, randomly heterogeneous porous media. In contrast to most stochastic analyses of flow, which require that log transmissivity be multivariate Gaussian, our solution is free of any distributional assumptions. The two-dimensional nature of our solution renders it useful for relatively thin aquifers in which vertical heterogeneity tends to be of minor concern relative to that in the horizontal plane. It also applies to thicker aquifers when information about their vertical heterogeneity is lacking, as is commonly the case when measurements of head and flow rate are done in wells that penetrate much of the aquifer thickness
A born-digital author lexicon for 17th c. French: Sévigné’s case
No full textPreparing an edition of Madame de Sévigné’s correspondance encoded in TEI, we are currently facing two problems. First, while French medievalists have a long experience of establishing lexicons, specialists of 17th c. French literature traditionally do not provide such a study in their editions. Second, we are not aware of any born-digital author lexicon in TEI for (17th c.) French language. We therefore have to tackle two problems at the same time, and create both a scientific methodology, a..
Comparison between pulsed-wave Doppler- and tissue Doppler-derived Tei indices in fetuses with and without congenital heart disease
No full textOBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to compare the right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular Tei indices obtained by pulsed-wave Doppler (PD) and tissue Doppler (TD) methods in fetuses with structurally normal and abnormal hearts.
METHODS
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 147 fetuses that had a fetal echocardiogram and Tei index measured during a 2-year period. The RV and LV Tei indices were measured using both PD and TD methods. The difference between the two methods of Tei index measurement was tested using paired sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine their relationship, and the agreement between the methods was tested using Bland-Altman analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 87 fetuses had normal hearts and 60 had a congenital heart defect. Both PD and TD Tei indices were measured successfully from at least one ventricle in 123 cases and from both ventricles in 110 cases. The mean TD Tei index was significantly higher than the mean PD Tei index for both ventricles (P < 0.0001). There was a weak but statistically significant correlation between the PD and TD Tei indices of the right ventricle (r = 0.20, P = 0.029), whereas the PD and TD Tei indices of the left ventricle did not correlate significantly (r = 0.04, P = 0.684). When pairs of Tei indices measured by two different methods (123 pairs for the right ventricle and 111 for the left ventricle) were tested with Bland-Altman analysis, the bias and precision were 0.147 and 0.254, respectively, for the right ventricle, and 0.299 and 0.276, respectively, for the left ventricle.
CONCLUSIONS
Correlation between Tei indices measured by PD and TD methods is weak and the agreement between individual measurements is poor. Therefore, they should not be used interchangeably in the assessment of fetal cardiac function
Port policies and private investments: insights from Latin America and Caribbean countries
No full textTowards an internationalized and localized TEI
No full textThe Text Encoding Initiative Guidelines have been widely adopted by projects and institutions in many countries in Europe, the Americas, and Asia, and are used for encoding texts in dozens of languages. However, the Guidelines are written in English, the examples are largely drawn from English literature, and even the names of the elements are abbreviated English words. We need to make sure that the TEI and its Guidelines are internationalized and localized so that they are accessible in all parts of the world. The paper describes how the TEI project can develop internationally, including A review of why localisation and internationalisation matter A discussion of how the TEI architecture can be leveraged to support internationalised versions The application of the W3C ITS guidelines to the TEI work Practical results from a pilot project, and future translation plans The tools needed to make use of an internationalised TEI The steps towards ontologies in the TE
Exploring manuscripts: sharing ancient wisdoms across the semantic web
No full textRecent work in digital humanities has seen researchers in-creasingly producing online editions of texts and manuscripts, particularly in adoption of the TEI XML format for online publishing. The benefits of semantic web techniques are un-derexplored in such research, however, with a lack of sharing and communication of research information. The Sharing Ancient Wisdoms (SAWS) project applies linked data prac-tices to enhance and expand on what is possible with these digital text editions. Focussing on Greek and Arabic col-lections of ancient wise sayings, which are often related to each other, we use RDF to annotate and extract seman-tic information from the TEI documents as RDF triples. This allows researchers to explore the conceptual networks that arise from these interconnected sayings. The SAWS project advocates a semantic-web-based methodology, en-hancing rather than replacing current workflow processes, for digital humanities researchers to share their findings and collectively benefit from each other’s work
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